珊瑚菜的发育解剖学及其主要化学成分研究
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摘要
以珊瑚菜(Glehnia littoralis Fr.Schmidt ex Miq.)为材料,进行了发育解剖学和主要化学成分研究。主要研究结果如下:
(1)珊瑚菜分泌道为溶生型,由一层分泌细胞围绕腔道形成。根中分泌道由形成层和木栓形成层形成,分布于次生韧皮部和栓内层中;叶中分泌道在叶脉薄壁组织中形成。白色体积累嗜锇物质,线粒体等可能参与其形成和分泌的过程;根薄壁细胞中存在淀粉粒,分泌腔道及周围细胞中有油滴存在,根生长过程中,直径、木质部、韧皮部和周皮的增粗差异极显著。
(2)珊瑚菜不同时期的根、叶、全株中补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素和香豆素总量差异均极显著;不同时期的根中还原糖、淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪差异均极显著,四年生北沙参除淀粉外,香豆素、还原糖、蛋白质和脂肪均极显著高于一至三年生的。珊瑚菜采收期应据用途决定,对其根去皮处理会导致药用质量大幅度下降,丢弃的根皮和叶可作为饲料添加剂或提取香豆素的原材料。
(3)珊瑚菜根冷浸、回流和索氏三种提取物均具有抗氧化作用,冷浸提取物作用最高;水提乙醇处理的3种提取物对肺癌细胞株(A549)和肝癌细胞株(HEP)在体外均有一定的抑制作用,对胃癌细胞株(SGC)几乎没有抑制作用。
Glehnia littoralis is a perennial herb of Glehnia of the Umbelliferae. The dried roots of this plant are commonly known as“Bei Sha Shen”, which has been used as a kind of traditional medicine. The developmental anatomy and the main chemical composition of Glehnia littoralis were studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) The secretory canal, which originated by lysigenous way, consisted of a layer of secretory cells encircling a round canal. In the root, secretory canals were respectively produced by cambium and cork cambium and they distributed among the parenchyma of the secondary phloem and the phelloderm. In the leaf blade, they were among the parenchyma of the vein. Leucoplasts aggregated osmiophilic materials. It was supposed that some organelles such as mitochondrions and endoplasmic reticulums, mainly did with the development or secretion of the secretory product. Glehnia littoralis had fleshy taproot. Xylem parenchyma cells, phloem parenchyma cells and ray cells all had starch grains inside. And oil droplets distributed in secretory canal lumina, secretory cells and surrounding parenchyma cells. During the development of root, the increase of the diameter among root, xylem, phloem and periderm were significantly different from each other.
(2) All of the content of psoralen, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and the total one in roots, leaves, the whole plant and roots of different growth years had extremely significant difference. The content of reducing sugar, starch, protein and fat in roots of Glehnia littoralis and roots of different growth years had extremely significant difference. The content of coumarin, reducing sugar, protein and fat in roots of Glehnia littoralis for four years were extremely higher than those in roots for one to three years. The harvest period of Glehnia littoralis should be decided according to the use. The medical quality of roots being peeled off would greatly drop, so this treatment should be prohibited in production. The rejected root peel and leaves could be used as feed additive or plant resource from which coumarin would be extracted.
(3) The constituents in roots of Glehnia littoralis were extracted by ethanol by methods of Soxhlet extraction, backflow extraction and cold drawn extraction. And these three kinds of extraction had antioxidative activities. The extraction by cold drawn method had the highest activities of all. All of the three extraction obtained by water and alchohol from roots of Glehnia littoralis had anticancer activities on liver cancer cell line(HEP) and lung cancer cell line(A549) ,but they almost hadn’t anticancer activities on stomach cancer cell line(SGC).
(1)珊瑚菜分泌道为溶生型,由一层分泌细胞围绕腔道形成。根中分泌道由形成层和木栓形成层形成,分布于次生韧皮部和栓内层中;叶中分泌道在叶脉薄壁组织中形成。白色体积累嗜锇物质,线粒体等可能参与其形成和分泌的过程;根薄壁细胞中存在淀粉粒,分泌腔道及周围细胞中有油滴存在,根生长过程中,直径、木质部、韧皮部和周皮的增粗差异极显著。
(2)珊瑚菜不同时期的根、叶、全株中补骨脂素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素和香豆素总量差异均极显著;不同时期的根中还原糖、淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪差异均极显著,四年生北沙参除淀粉外,香豆素、还原糖、蛋白质和脂肪均极显著高于一至三年生的。珊瑚菜采收期应据用途决定,对其根去皮处理会导致药用质量大幅度下降,丢弃的根皮和叶可作为饲料添加剂或提取香豆素的原材料。
(3)珊瑚菜根冷浸、回流和索氏三种提取物均具有抗氧化作用,冷浸提取物作用最高;水提乙醇处理的3种提取物对肺癌细胞株(A549)和肝癌细胞株(HEP)在体外均有一定的抑制作用,对胃癌细胞株(SGC)几乎没有抑制作用。
Glehnia littoralis is a perennial herb of Glehnia of the Umbelliferae. The dried roots of this plant are commonly known as“Bei Sha Shen”, which has been used as a kind of traditional medicine. The developmental anatomy and the main chemical composition of Glehnia littoralis were studied. The main results are as follows:
(1) The secretory canal, which originated by lysigenous way, consisted of a layer of secretory cells encircling a round canal. In the root, secretory canals were respectively produced by cambium and cork cambium and they distributed among the parenchyma of the secondary phloem and the phelloderm. In the leaf blade, they were among the parenchyma of the vein. Leucoplasts aggregated osmiophilic materials. It was supposed that some organelles such as mitochondrions and endoplasmic reticulums, mainly did with the development or secretion of the secretory product. Glehnia littoralis had fleshy taproot. Xylem parenchyma cells, phloem parenchyma cells and ray cells all had starch grains inside. And oil droplets distributed in secretory canal lumina, secretory cells and surrounding parenchyma cells. During the development of root, the increase of the diameter among root, xylem, phloem and periderm were significantly different from each other.
(2) All of the content of psoralen, imperatorin, isoimperatorin and the total one in roots, leaves, the whole plant and roots of different growth years had extremely significant difference. The content of reducing sugar, starch, protein and fat in roots of Glehnia littoralis and roots of different growth years had extremely significant difference. The content of coumarin, reducing sugar, protein and fat in roots of Glehnia littoralis for four years were extremely higher than those in roots for one to three years. The harvest period of Glehnia littoralis should be decided according to the use. The medical quality of roots being peeled off would greatly drop, so this treatment should be prohibited in production. The rejected root peel and leaves could be used as feed additive or plant resource from which coumarin would be extracted.
(3) The constituents in roots of Glehnia littoralis were extracted by ethanol by methods of Soxhlet extraction, backflow extraction and cold drawn extraction. And these three kinds of extraction had antioxidative activities. The extraction by cold drawn method had the highest activities of all. All of the three extraction obtained by water and alchohol from roots of Glehnia littoralis had anticancer activities on liver cancer cell line(HEP) and lung cancer cell line(A549) ,but they almost hadn’t anticancer activities on stomach cancer cell line(SGC).
引文
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