基于RFID技术的放射源防盗及巡检系统研究
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摘要
近些年来,伴随着我国核技术的较快发展,放射源和射线装置得到了广泛应用。但也有一些放射源因丢失、被盗、非法转移而失去控制,引发了放射性事件或事故。放射源丢失或被盗不但会使环境受到辐射污染,而且会对近距离接触的人员造成伤害,导致人员伤亡,另外,放射源的丢失也会造成社会恐慌,影响社会安定。
本文首先分析了放射源管理和防盗技术的发展现状,研究和分析了RFID技术在放射源防盗系统中应用的可行性。介绍了基于RFID技术的放射源防盗及巡检系统的整体框架及组成。本文还分别对放射源的现场防盗和现场巡检系统进行了详细介绍,对于系统所需硬件进行了详细描述,设计实现了放射源的防盗报警和现场巡检功能,并在此基础上提出了放射源出入库系统的设计。
针对放射源的防盗报警,开发了放射源电子标签、阅读器、报警器等相关硬件系统,解决了放射源监控的难题。为了拓展监控范围,提出了主、从阅读器的思想,有效地解决了开阔环境中的放射源监控的问题。放射源电子标签独特的设计不仅解决放射源的追踪问题,还能在标签被人为撕下时,立刻产生报警信号,保障放射源的安全管理。
针对放射源防盗系统缺乏现场巡检功能的问题,本文设计并开发了放射源防盗报警手持机。实现了放射源的现场巡检功能,并在此基础上提出了放射源出入库系统的设想,对放射源出入库系统进行初步研究。放射源防盗报警手持机采用了MTK手机模块和单片机系统的结合,开发过程大大缩短,手持机稳定可靠,使用方便,有效降低了总体成本。
In recent years, the radioactive sources and apparatus are widely used in China with the development of nuclear technology. However radioactive accidents would happen when radioactive sources were lost, stolen or transferred illegally. It will not only make the environment contaminated by radiation, and cause injury to persons, can also cause social panic and affect social stability.
In this paper, we first introduced the present status of management and security technology of radioactive sources. Then the feasibility of RFID technology in the security systems of radioactive sources was analyzed. The paper also described the security and inspection system of radioactive sources based on RFID technology. The details of the security and inspection system were demonstrated including of the designs of the equipments in this system. This paper designed to achieve the functions of anti-theft alarm and inspection in the radioactive sources system. On this basis we proposed the design of the radioactive sources storage system.
Hardwares including radioactive sources electronic tags, readers, the annunciator alarm were designed and developed for the radioactive sources system. The whole system provided the security monitoring of radioactive sources. The slave reader was an effective solution to the problem of monitoring radioactive sources in wide range. The unique design in the electronic tags solved the problem about radioactive sources tracking. It will generate an alarm signal when the electronic tags were detached from the radioactive sources.
In this paper, a radioactive sources handset was developed to achieve the inspection function of radioactive sources. And the scheme of the radioactive sources storage system was put forward using this handset. We did preliminary study on the radioactive sources storage system. This handset was a combination of MTK mobile phone module and MCU system, which can greatly reduce the time of the development process and effectively reducing the total cost. This handset was stable, reliable and easy to use.
本文首先分析了放射源管理和防盗技术的发展现状,研究和分析了RFID技术在放射源防盗系统中应用的可行性。介绍了基于RFID技术的放射源防盗及巡检系统的整体框架及组成。本文还分别对放射源的现场防盗和现场巡检系统进行了详细介绍,对于系统所需硬件进行了详细描述,设计实现了放射源的防盗报警和现场巡检功能,并在此基础上提出了放射源出入库系统的设计。
针对放射源的防盗报警,开发了放射源电子标签、阅读器、报警器等相关硬件系统,解决了放射源监控的难题。为了拓展监控范围,提出了主、从阅读器的思想,有效地解决了开阔环境中的放射源监控的问题。放射源电子标签独特的设计不仅解决放射源的追踪问题,还能在标签被人为撕下时,立刻产生报警信号,保障放射源的安全管理。
针对放射源防盗系统缺乏现场巡检功能的问题,本文设计并开发了放射源防盗报警手持机。实现了放射源的现场巡检功能,并在此基础上提出了放射源出入库系统的设想,对放射源出入库系统进行初步研究。放射源防盗报警手持机采用了MTK手机模块和单片机系统的结合,开发过程大大缩短,手持机稳定可靠,使用方便,有效降低了总体成本。
In recent years, the radioactive sources and apparatus are widely used in China with the development of nuclear technology. However radioactive accidents would happen when radioactive sources were lost, stolen or transferred illegally. It will not only make the environment contaminated by radiation, and cause injury to persons, can also cause social panic and affect social stability.
In this paper, we first introduced the present status of management and security technology of radioactive sources. Then the feasibility of RFID technology in the security systems of radioactive sources was analyzed. The paper also described the security and inspection system of radioactive sources based on RFID technology. The details of the security and inspection system were demonstrated including of the designs of the equipments in this system. This paper designed to achieve the functions of anti-theft alarm and inspection in the radioactive sources system. On this basis we proposed the design of the radioactive sources storage system.
Hardwares including radioactive sources electronic tags, readers, the annunciator alarm were designed and developed for the radioactive sources system. The whole system provided the security monitoring of radioactive sources. The slave reader was an effective solution to the problem of monitoring radioactive sources in wide range. The unique design in the electronic tags solved the problem about radioactive sources tracking. It will generate an alarm signal when the electronic tags were detached from the radioactive sources.
In this paper, a radioactive sources handset was developed to achieve the inspection function of radioactive sources. And the scheme of the radioactive sources storage system was put forward using this handset. We did preliminary study on the radioactive sources storage system. This handset was a combination of MTK mobile phone module and MCU system, which can greatly reduce the time of the development process and effectively reducing the total cost. This handset was stable, reliable and easy to use.
引文
[1]电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].GB1887—2002.
[2]国家环境保护总局公告[EB/OL].2005年第62号http://www.chinacourt.org/flwk/show.php?file_id=107059.
[3]张晶.放射源销售过程中应注意的辐射安全问题[C].中国环境科学学会2010年学术年会,2010.
[4]潘自强,谢武成,赵永明,周启甫,沈正新.放射源安全和保安的新进展[J].辐射防护,2005.6(25)：384-387.
[5]Zhou Qifu, Zhao Yongming, Liu Hua, et al. Special Action to Check the Radioactive Sources in China[C]. International Conference on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources,2005:210-215.
[6]潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,胡百精.由核事故看核与辐射安全[J].中国核工业,2011(7)：25-31.
[7]朱宝峰,崔子秋.全国放射事故案例汇编(1988-1998年)[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2001
[8]潘自强等.中国核工业三十年辐射环境质量评价[M].北京：原子能出版社,1990.
[9]潘自强.放射源安全管理中一些问题的讨论[J].辐射防护,2002,22(5)：257-268.
[10]ABEL J. GONZALE. Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources[R]. IAEA Bulletin,2001:39-48.
[11]R.A. Meserve. Effective Regulatory Control of Radioactive Sources[C]. International Conference of National Regulatory Authorities with competence in the Safety of Radiation Sources and the Securityof Radioact,2001:11-18.
[12]I Amundsen, IE Finne, WJF Standring. Decommissioning of RTGs in Northwest Russia:the Norwegian Approach Focusing on Risk and Environmental Impact Assessments [C]. International Conference on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources,2005:216-219.
[13]AJ Gonz a lez. An International Perspective on Radiological Threats and the Need for Retrospective Biological Dosimetry of Acute Radiation Over Exposures[J]. Radiation Measurements,2007(42):1053-1062.
[14]T.A. Warren, R.M. Walker, D.E. Hill, et al. RadSTraM:Radiological Source Tracking and Monitoring, Phase Ⅱ Final Report[R]. Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2007.
[15]IAEA. Monitoring for Radioactive Material in International Mail Transported by Public Postal Operators[R]. International Atomic Energy Agency,2006.
[16]Daniel L. Stephens, Jr.Anthony, J. Peurrung. Detection of Moving Radioactive Sources Using Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 2004,51(5):2273-2278.
[17]Robert J.Nemzek, Jared S.Dreicer, David C.Torney, Tony T.Warnock. Distributed Sensor Networks for Detection of Mobile Radioactive Sources[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2004,51(4):1693-1700.
[18]MJ Angus, C Crumpton, G McHUGH. Management and Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources in the European Union[R]. Report EUR 18186EN, 2000.
[19]李丹,方方,管金称.基于GPRS的放射源监控系统的设计[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2010(1)：36-38.
[20]杨磊,陈熙萌,张字,吴怀义,杨立涛,李东仓.基于GPRS的放射源贮存库无线远程监测系统的研制[C].第十五届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会,2010：375-380.
[21]陈峰.深圳市放射源动态监控系统研究[D].湖南：南华大学,2008.
[22]郁蕾,匡恒.苏州放射源远程安全监控管理系统浅议[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(3)：59-61.
[23]刘涛,张丽英,张斌达.基于GPS/GSM的放射源跟踪定位系统设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,22(6)：166-167.
[24]饶星,尹在哲.基于GPS和GSM的放射源追踪系统[C].全国第一届核技术与公共安全学术研讨会论文集,2007：323-326.
[25]颜拥军,周剑良.基于RFID的放射源跟踪管理系统设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2008,28(4)：687-689.
[26]杨敏,谷洪.射频识别技术在放射源安全管理的应用[J].四川环境,2008,27(6)：112-114,119.
[27]K.Finkenzeller. RFID Handbook:Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification [M]. New York:John Wiley,2003.
[28]胡胜男,尹周平,陈绪兵.基于分布式RFID门禁考勤系统的设计实现[J].数字技术与应用,2010,9：76-77,79.
[29]PEREZ J, SECO F, MILANES V, et al. An RFID-Based Intelligent Vehicle Speed Controller Using Active Traffic Signals [J]. Sensors, 2010,10(6):5872-5887.
[30]OZTEKIN A, MAHD.AVI F, ERANDE K, et al. Criticality index analysis based optimal RFID reader placement models for asset tracking[J]. International Journal of Production Research,2010,48(9):2679-2698.
[31]Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFD)技术一无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[32]郎为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：58-91.
[33]罗春彬,彭,易彬.RFID技术发展与应用综述[J].通信技术2009,42(12)：112-114
[34]张晖,王东辉RFID技术及其应用的研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(11)：252-254
[35]党琦.基于射频识别技术的IT资产管理系统设计与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2009.
[36]席云廷,胡志平.基于RFID技术的智能化资产管理系统[J].微型电脑应用2010,26(5)：47-49.
[37]李松涛,金锐.RFID在实验室资产管理中的应用探讨[J].实验室研究与探 索,2011,30(3)：182-184.
[38]http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/msp430f2012.html.
[39] http://www.nordicsemi.com/files/Product/data_sheet/nRF24L01_Product_Specif ication_v2_0.pdf.
[40]谭民,刘禹.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[41]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[42]Myung J, Lee W, Srivastava J. Adaptive Binary Splitting for Efficient RFID Tag Anti-collision[J]. IEEE Communications Letters,2006,10(3):144-146.
[43]Zhen B, Kobayashi M, Shimizu M. Framed ALOHA for Multiple RFID Objects Identification[J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications,2005, E88-B(3):991-999.
[44]Choi JH, Lee D, Lee H. Query Tree-based Reservation for Efficient RFID Tag Anti-collision [J]. IEEE Communications Letters,2007,11(1):85-87.
[45]http://www.ti.com/cn/lit/gpn/max3232.
[46]http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/MAX1487-MAX491.pdf.
[47]http://www.hongdian.com/service/ToDownLoad.aspx?i=100000023256194.
[48] http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/philips/74HC_HCT595_CNV_3.pdf.
[49]赵志新,王绍伟,霍志强.MTK手机开发入门[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[50]冼进,文扬.Java ME手机应用开发技术与案例详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.
[2]国家环境保护总局公告[EB/OL].2005年第62号http://www.chinacourt.org/flwk/show.php?file_id=107059.
[3]张晶.放射源销售过程中应注意的辐射安全问题[C].中国环境科学学会2010年学术年会,2010.
[4]潘自强,谢武成,赵永明,周启甫,沈正新.放射源安全和保安的新进展[J].辐射防护,2005.6(25)：384-387.
[5]Zhou Qifu, Zhao Yongming, Liu Hua, et al. Special Action to Check the Radioactive Sources in China[C]. International Conference on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources,2005:210-215.
[6]潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,胡百精.由核事故看核与辐射安全[J].中国核工业,2011(7)：25-31.
[7]朱宝峰,崔子秋.全国放射事故案例汇编(1988-1998年)[M].北京：中国科学技术出版社,2001
[8]潘自强等.中国核工业三十年辐射环境质量评价[M].北京：原子能出版社,1990.
[9]潘自强.放射源安全管理中一些问题的讨论[J].辐射防护,2002,22(5)：257-268.
[10]ABEL J. GONZALE. Code of Conduct on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources[R]. IAEA Bulletin,2001:39-48.
[11]R.A. Meserve. Effective Regulatory Control of Radioactive Sources[C]. International Conference of National Regulatory Authorities with competence in the Safety of Radiation Sources and the Securityof Radioact,2001:11-18.
[12]I Amundsen, IE Finne, WJF Standring. Decommissioning of RTGs in Northwest Russia:the Norwegian Approach Focusing on Risk and Environmental Impact Assessments [C]. International Conference on the Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources,2005:216-219.
[13]AJ Gonz a lez. An International Perspective on Radiological Threats and the Need for Retrospective Biological Dosimetry of Acute Radiation Over Exposures[J]. Radiation Measurements,2007(42):1053-1062.
[14]T.A. Warren, R.M. Walker, D.E. Hill, et al. RadSTraM:Radiological Source Tracking and Monitoring, Phase Ⅱ Final Report[R]. Oak Ridge National Laboratory,2007.
[15]IAEA. Monitoring for Radioactive Material in International Mail Transported by Public Postal Operators[R]. International Atomic Energy Agency,2006.
[16]Daniel L. Stephens, Jr.Anthony, J. Peurrung. Detection of Moving Radioactive Sources Using Sensor Networks[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 2004,51(5):2273-2278.
[17]Robert J.Nemzek, Jared S.Dreicer, David C.Torney, Tony T.Warnock. Distributed Sensor Networks for Detection of Mobile Radioactive Sources[J]. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,2004,51(4):1693-1700.
[18]MJ Angus, C Crumpton, G McHUGH. Management and Disposal of Disused Sealed Radioactive Sources in the European Union[R]. Report EUR 18186EN, 2000.
[19]李丹,方方,管金称.基于GPRS的放射源监控系统的设计[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2010(1)：36-38.
[20]杨磊,陈熙萌,张字,吴怀义,杨立涛,李东仓.基于GPRS的放射源贮存库无线远程监测系统的研制[C].第十五届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会,2010：375-380.
[21]陈峰.深圳市放射源动态监控系统研究[D].湖南：南华大学,2008.
[22]郁蕾,匡恒.苏州放射源远程安全监控管理系统浅议[J].污染防治技术,2010,23(3)：59-61.
[23]刘涛,张丽英,张斌达.基于GPS/GSM的放射源跟踪定位系统设计[J].机电产品开发与创新,2009,22(6)：166-167.
[24]饶星,尹在哲.基于GPS和GSM的放射源追踪系统[C].全国第一届核技术与公共安全学术研讨会论文集,2007：323-326.
[25]颜拥军,周剑良.基于RFID的放射源跟踪管理系统设计[J].核电子学与探测技术,2008,28(4)：687-689.
[26]杨敏,谷洪.射频识别技术在放射源安全管理的应用[J].四川环境,2008,27(6)：112-114,119.
[27]K.Finkenzeller. RFID Handbook:Radio-Frequency Identification Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification [M]. New York:John Wiley,2003.
[28]胡胜男,尹周平,陈绪兵.基于分布式RFID门禁考勤系统的设计实现[J].数字技术与应用,2010,9：76-77,79.
[29]PEREZ J, SECO F, MILANES V, et al. An RFID-Based Intelligent Vehicle Speed Controller Using Active Traffic Signals [J]. Sensors, 2010,10(6):5872-5887.
[30]OZTEKIN A, MAHD.AVI F, ERANDE K, et al. Criticality index analysis based optimal RFID reader placement models for asset tracking[J]. International Journal of Production Research,2010,48(9):2679-2698.
[31]Klaus Finkenzeller.射频识别(RFD)技术一无线电感应的应答器和非接触IC卡的原理与应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001.
[32]郎为民.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006：58-91.
[33]罗春彬,彭,易彬.RFID技术发展与应用综述[J].通信技术2009,42(12)：112-114
[34]张晖,王东辉RFID技术及其应用的研究[J].微计算机信息,2007,23(11)：252-254
[35]党琦.基于射频识别技术的IT资产管理系统设计与实现[D].北京：北京邮电大学,2009.
[36]席云廷,胡志平.基于RFID技术的智能化资产管理系统[J].微型电脑应用2010,26(5)：47-49.
[37]李松涛,金锐.RFID在实验室资产管理中的应用探讨[J].实验室研究与探 索,2011,30(3)：182-184.
[38]http://focus.ti.com/docs/prod/folders/print/msp430f2012.html.
[39] http://www.nordicsemi.com/files/Product/data_sheet/nRF24L01_Product_Specif ication_v2_0.pdf.
[40]谭民,刘禹.RFID技术系统工程及应用指南[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2007.
[41]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2007.
[42]Myung J, Lee W, Srivastava J. Adaptive Binary Splitting for Efficient RFID Tag Anti-collision[J]. IEEE Communications Letters,2006,10(3):144-146.
[43]Zhen B, Kobayashi M, Shimizu M. Framed ALOHA for Multiple RFID Objects Identification[J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications,2005, E88-B(3):991-999.
[44]Choi JH, Lee D, Lee H. Query Tree-based Reservation for Efficient RFID Tag Anti-collision [J]. IEEE Communications Letters,2007,11(1):85-87.
[45]http://www.ti.com/cn/lit/gpn/max3232.
[46]http://datasheets.maxim-ic.com/en/ds/MAX1487-MAX491.pdf.
[47]http://www.hongdian.com/service/ToDownLoad.aspx?i=100000023256194.
[48] http://www.datasheetcatalog.org/datasheet/philips/74HC_HCT595_CNV_3.pdf.
[49]赵志新,王绍伟,霍志强.MTK手机开发入门[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2010.
[50]冼进,文扬.Java ME手机应用开发技术与案例详解[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2007.