掩埋地雷的红外辐射特性研究
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摘要
自然地表的红外辐射特性在军事领域、地质研究、气象以及农业领域都有着广泛的应用,如地面军事目标的伪装研究、目标与环境的红外辐射特性研究。
本文以地雷为研究对象,主要介绍了地雷探测的研究情况,建立了探测地雷的物理模型和数学模型,给出风场下的地表温度场的统计特性、裸露地表的红外辐射统计特性以及土壤温度场随着深度的变化趋势。通过对地雷物理模型的研究,得出了影响地表辐射的主要因素。利用热平衡法建立了节点离散方程。采用有限元方法对土壤无地雷时和有地雷时的温度场进行仿真,得出了掩埋地雷温度场的探测特性。
The infrared radiation characteristic of terrain surface has wide applications in military, geology, meteorological phenomena and agricultural field, such as research on military camouflage of targets, and infrared radiation characteristics of background and target.
Landmine was studied in this paper. Landmine-detection research was introduced in brief first, then the physical model and the mathematical model were established to detect landmines. The statistical characteristic of the temperature field by wind and the infrared radiation characteristic of the bared terrain surface were presented in detail. And the change trend of climate of soil temperature field with depth was explained. Some main factors which affect terrain surface were acquired by researching on the physical model of landmines. Using the method of heat balance, discrete node equation was established. Finite element method was adopted to simulate the temperature fields of soil with buried landmines and without them, and the detection characteristics of temperature field of buried landmines was reached.
本文以地雷为研究对象,主要介绍了地雷探测的研究情况,建立了探测地雷的物理模型和数学模型,给出风场下的地表温度场的统计特性、裸露地表的红外辐射统计特性以及土壤温度场随着深度的变化趋势。通过对地雷物理模型的研究,得出了影响地表辐射的主要因素。利用热平衡法建立了节点离散方程。采用有限元方法对土壤无地雷时和有地雷时的温度场进行仿真,得出了掩埋地雷温度场的探测特性。
The infrared radiation characteristic of terrain surface has wide applications in military, geology, meteorological phenomena and agricultural field, such as research on military camouflage of targets, and infrared radiation characteristics of background and target.
Landmine was studied in this paper. Landmine-detection research was introduced in brief first, then the physical model and the mathematical model were established to detect landmines. The statistical characteristic of the temperature field by wind and the infrared radiation characteristic of the bared terrain surface were presented in detail. And the change trend of climate of soil temperature field with depth was explained. Some main factors which affect terrain surface were acquired by researching on the physical model of landmines. Using the method of heat balance, discrete node equation was established. Finite element method was adopted to simulate the temperature fields of soil with buried landmines and without them, and the detection characteristics of temperature field of buried landmines was reached.
引文
[1]吴桑.外军核四极矩共振探雷技术发展状况.工兵装备研究.2002, vol.21:61-64.
[2]房旭民.核四极矩共振探雷技术的发展和思考.工兵装备研究.2002, Vol.21, NO.6
[3]倪宏伟,房旭民.地雷探测技术.北京:国防工业出版社. [M].2003, P.146-170
[4]John.G.Ackenhusen. Infrared/Hyperspectral Methods(PAPER II). Veridian International.p111-125
[5]B.A. Baertlein, A. Gunatilaka. Improving Detection of Buried Landmines through Sensor Fusion.SPIE.1998, vol.3392, P.1122-1133
[6]金添.超宽带SAR浅地表地雷聚焦与定位技术.电子与信息学报.2007, Vol.29, NO.10
[7]顾聚兴.光谱测量技术为地雷探测带来了希望.红外月刊.2002, NO.5:41
[8]鹿红星.红外成像技术在地雷探测中的应用.红外月刊.2004, NO.7:7-11.
[9]李玲.红外敏感器探测地雷.红外月刊.1997, NO.11:37-38.
[10]Gregory L. Plett, Takeshi Doi, Don Torrieri. Mine Detection Using Scattering Parameters and an Artificial Neural Network.IEEE.1997, VOL.8, NO.6
[11]Alberto Muscio, Mauro A. Corticelli. Land Mine Detection by Infrared Thermography: Reduction of Size and Duration of the Experiments. IEEE. 2004, VOL.42, NO.9
[12]Stefan Sj?kvist, Anna Linderhed, Sten Nyberg Magnus Upps?ll. Land Mine Detection By IR Temporal Analysis: Physical Numerical Modeling. SPIE.2005, Vol.5794:30-41
[13]赵强,刘隆和,唐志凯.目标在复杂背景中的红外成像特性研究.制导与引信. 2005, Vol.26 No.3
[14]Charles B. Hahn. Yuma Site Characterization and Data Summary. SWOE. 1994, Report943
[15]P.López, H.Sah1i, D.L.Vilari?oa,etc. Detection of Perturbations in Thermal IR Signatures: An Inverse Problem for Buried Land Mine Detection.2003, Proceeding of SPIE Vol.5046
[16]Richard A.Weiss, Bruce M.Sabol. Physics-Based Infrared Terrain Radiance Texture Model.WES.1995, Report.EL95-5
[17]黄妙芬,刘绍民,刘素红等.地表温度和地表辐射温度差值分析.地球科学进展.2005,Vol.20,No.10,P.1075～1081
[18]曾攀.有限元分析及应用.北京:清华大学出版社.2004, P.1-100
[19]逯彦秋,张肖宁,王圣保,钢箱梁桥沥青混凝土铺装层温度场的模拟分析.沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2006, Vol.122, No.15
[20]曾晓文.日照作用平面二维温度场计算研究.华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2002, Vol.19, No.4
[21]罗桑,钱振东,王建伟.苑红凯沥青路面结构温度场有限元数值计算研究.东南大学研究生学报.2006, Vol.4, No.1
[22]高志球,卞林根,张雅斌等.土壤热传导方程解析解和那曲地区土壤热扩散率研究.气象学报.2002, Vol.60, No.3 [23商跃进.ansys有限元原理与应用指南.北京:机械工业出版社.2005, P240-290
[24]张建奇,朱长纯,方小平等.湿润地表红外辐射统计特性和热图像空间结构.西安电子科技大学学报.1999,Vol.26,P.53～57
[25]宋勇.精通ansys7.0有限元分析.北京:机械工业出版社.2003, P.256-310
[26]国际气象网站:www.wunderground.com
[27]谭建宇,阮立,明齐宏等.求解二维辐射换热的有限单元法研究.中国工程热物理学会.2002年学术会议,编号:02317
[28]H. C. Strifors, T. Andersson, D. Axelsson, G. C. Gaunaurd. A Method for Classifying Underground Targets and Simultaneously Estimating Their Burial Conditions.SPIE.2005, Vol.5807
[29]Huang Miao-fen, Liu Shao-min, Liu Su-hong, etc. A Study of Soil Surface Temperature with Thermal Infrared Measurement.IEEE.2004, Vol.2, NO.4
[30]刘广沛,杨成永,陆景慧等.热力地沟衬砌温度的数值模拟.特种结构. 2004, Vol.121, No.12
[31]Joseph W. Samson, Lester J. Witter, Arthur C. Kenton, etc. Real-Time Implementation of a Multispectral Mine Target Detection Algorithm. SPIE.2005, Vol.5089 131
[32]Magnus Lundberg, Irene Y.H. Gu. A 3-D Matched-Filter for Detection of Land Mines Using Spatio-temporal Thermal Modeling. Chalmers University of Technology.1996, SE-412
[33]邵晓鹏.红外纹理生成方法研究.西安电子科技大学博士论文.2005
[34]Neil V. Budko, Peter M.van den Berg. Characterization of a Two-Dimensional Subsurface: Object with an Effective Scattering Model. IEEE.1999, Vol.37, NO.5
[35]凌裕农.单色微分辐射出射度.红外与毫米波学报.1995,Vol.14, No.5. P.395～400
[36]Wilhelmus A.C.M, Messelink Klamer Schutte, Albert M. Vossepoel,etc. Feature-based Detection of Landmines in Infrared Images.SPIE.Apr.2002, Vol.4742
[37]Ricardo Garcia Padron, Dan Loyd. Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wet Sand Exposed to Solar Radiation—Models and Experiments Concerning Buried Objects. Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications.2002, Vol.3, No.2
[38]Nguyen Trung Thanh, Dinh Nho Hao, Hichem Sahli. Thermal Modeling For Landmine Detection: Efficient Numerical Methods and Soil Parameter Estimation.SPIE.2006, Vol.6217,NO.1
[39]魏合理,宋正方.随机风场对自然地表红外辐射统计分布的影响.红外与毫米波学报.1995, Vol.14, No.6, P.424
[40]张建奇.目标与背景红外辐射特性研究.西安交通大学博士论文.1998 Mines
[2]房旭民.核四极矩共振探雷技术的发展和思考.工兵装备研究.2002, Vol.21, NO.6
[3]倪宏伟,房旭民.地雷探测技术.北京:国防工业出版社. [M].2003, P.146-170
[4]John.G.Ackenhusen. Infrared/Hyperspectral Methods(PAPER II). Veridian International.p111-125
[5]B.A. Baertlein, A. Gunatilaka. Improving Detection of Buried Landmines through Sensor Fusion.SPIE.1998, vol.3392, P.1122-1133
[6]金添.超宽带SAR浅地表地雷聚焦与定位技术.电子与信息学报.2007, Vol.29, NO.10
[7]顾聚兴.光谱测量技术为地雷探测带来了希望.红外月刊.2002, NO.5:41
[8]鹿红星.红外成像技术在地雷探测中的应用.红外月刊.2004, NO.7:7-11.
[9]李玲.红外敏感器探测地雷.红外月刊.1997, NO.11:37-38.
[10]Gregory L. Plett, Takeshi Doi, Don Torrieri. Mine Detection Using Scattering Parameters and an Artificial Neural Network.IEEE.1997, VOL.8, NO.6
[11]Alberto Muscio, Mauro A. Corticelli. Land Mine Detection by Infrared Thermography: Reduction of Size and Duration of the Experiments. IEEE. 2004, VOL.42, NO.9
[12]Stefan Sj?kvist, Anna Linderhed, Sten Nyberg Magnus Upps?ll. Land Mine Detection By IR Temporal Analysis: Physical Numerical Modeling. SPIE.2005, Vol.5794:30-41
[13]赵强,刘隆和,唐志凯.目标在复杂背景中的红外成像特性研究.制导与引信. 2005, Vol.26 No.3
[14]Charles B. Hahn. Yuma Site Characterization and Data Summary. SWOE. 1994, Report943
[15]P.López, H.Sah1i, D.L.Vilari?oa,etc. Detection of Perturbations in Thermal IR Signatures: An Inverse Problem for Buried Land Mine Detection.2003, Proceeding of SPIE Vol.5046
[16]Richard A.Weiss, Bruce M.Sabol. Physics-Based Infrared Terrain Radiance Texture Model.WES.1995, Report.EL95-5
[17]黄妙芬,刘绍民,刘素红等.地表温度和地表辐射温度差值分析.地球科学进展.2005,Vol.20,No.10,P.1075～1081
[18]曾攀.有限元分析及应用.北京:清华大学出版社.2004, P.1-100
[19]逯彦秋,张肖宁,王圣保,钢箱梁桥沥青混凝土铺装层温度场的模拟分析.沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2006, Vol.122, No.15
[20]曾晓文.日照作用平面二维温度场计算研究.华中科技大学学报(城市科学版).2002, Vol.19, No.4
[21]罗桑,钱振东,王建伟.苑红凯沥青路面结构温度场有限元数值计算研究.东南大学研究生学报.2006, Vol.4, No.1
[22]高志球,卞林根,张雅斌等.土壤热传导方程解析解和那曲地区土壤热扩散率研究.气象学报.2002, Vol.60, No.3 [23商跃进.ansys有限元原理与应用指南.北京:机械工业出版社.2005, P240-290
[24]张建奇,朱长纯,方小平等.湿润地表红外辐射统计特性和热图像空间结构.西安电子科技大学学报.1999,Vol.26,P.53～57
[25]宋勇.精通ansys7.0有限元分析.北京:机械工业出版社.2003, P.256-310
[26]国际气象网站:www.wunderground.com
[27]谭建宇,阮立,明齐宏等.求解二维辐射换热的有限单元法研究.中国工程热物理学会.2002年学术会议,编号:02317
[28]H. C. Strifors, T. Andersson, D. Axelsson, G. C. Gaunaurd. A Method for Classifying Underground Targets and Simultaneously Estimating Their Burial Conditions.SPIE.2005, Vol.5807
[29]Huang Miao-fen, Liu Shao-min, Liu Su-hong, etc. A Study of Soil Surface Temperature with Thermal Infrared Measurement.IEEE.2004, Vol.2, NO.4
[30]刘广沛,杨成永,陆景慧等.热力地沟衬砌温度的数值模拟.特种结构. 2004, Vol.121, No.12
[31]Joseph W. Samson, Lester J. Witter, Arthur C. Kenton, etc. Real-Time Implementation of a Multispectral Mine Target Detection Algorithm. SPIE.2005, Vol.5089 131
[32]Magnus Lundberg, Irene Y.H. Gu. A 3-D Matched-Filter for Detection of Land Mines Using Spatio-temporal Thermal Modeling. Chalmers University of Technology.1996, SE-412
[33]邵晓鹏.红外纹理生成方法研究.西安电子科技大学博士论文.2005
[34]Neil V. Budko, Peter M.van den Berg. Characterization of a Two-Dimensional Subsurface: Object with an Effective Scattering Model. IEEE.1999, Vol.37, NO.5
[35]凌裕农.单色微分辐射出射度.红外与毫米波学报.1995,Vol.14, No.5. P.395～400
[36]Wilhelmus A.C.M, Messelink Klamer Schutte, Albert M. Vossepoel,etc. Feature-based Detection of Landmines in Infrared Images.SPIE.Apr.2002, Vol.4742
[37]Ricardo Garcia Padron, Dan Loyd. Heat and Moisture Transfer in Wet Sand Exposed to Solar Radiation—Models and Experiments Concerning Buried Objects. Subsurface Sensing Technologies and Applications.2002, Vol.3, No.2
[38]Nguyen Trung Thanh, Dinh Nho Hao, Hichem Sahli. Thermal Modeling For Landmine Detection: Efficient Numerical Methods and Soil Parameter Estimation.SPIE.2006, Vol.6217,NO.1
[39]魏合理,宋正方.随机风场对自然地表红外辐射统计分布的影响.红外与毫米波学报.1995, Vol.14, No.6, P.424
[40]张建奇.目标与背景红外辐射特性研究.西安交通大学博士论文.1998 Mines