S波段和Ku波段机载天线研究
摘要
论文结合科研项目进行选题研究,文中论述了机载阵列天线、机载特殊波束覆盖天线以及探测天线的电特性。研究工作分为三个部分:1.研制了具有窄波束和低副瓣特性的机载阵列天线;2.研制了具有特殊方向图的机载双锥天线;3.研制了基于核电四极距共振技术的探测天线。主要内容概述如下:
首先,以具有窄波束和低副瓣特性的机载阵列天线为研究目标,设计了天线单元以及由多级不等功分器组成的馈电网络。采用HFSS仿真软件进行了仿真设计,根据设计结果,研制了天线工程样机,分析了幅度分布对天线方向图的影响,对天线样机电性能进行了实际测量,测量结果表明,天线在工作频段内驻波系数小于1.5,方向图H面半功率波瓣宽度小于14°,E面波瓣宽度大于50°,实测结果与仿真结果一致,表明该设计方法对工程应用具有一定的实用价值。
其次,在双锥天线理论上,采用HFSS软件设计了一种具有特殊波束覆盖的双锥天线,通过改变天线上下锥的角度及高度来实现方向图的赋形。由于天线安装在飞机上,设计需要考虑机体对天线辐射的影响。采用波导馈电满足了功率容量要求,考虑了波导管对天线辐射产生的影响。仿真结果表明,该天线在工作频段内驻波系数小于2,方向图水平面全向辐射,垂直面65°至95°增益大于2dBi。根据设计结果加工了天线样机,测量结果表明,天线电性能基本满足设计要求。
最后,论文结合核电四极矩共振技术,设计了用于探测爆炸物的探测天线,并对天线实物样机进行了测试,结果表明该天线可以满足工程要求。
The research works are made with scientific projects in this thesis. An airborne array antenna, an airborne antenna with specific radiation patterns and a detect antenna are presented. The contexts of the thesis are divided into three parts. An antenna array which performed a characteristic of narrow-beam width is designed and manufactured in part one; A specific radiation antenna is analysised in part two; A detect antenna which based on the technique of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is given in part three. The context is summarized as following:
Firstly, the antenna elements and feeding network which combined by multistage Wilkinson unbalance divider are designed with the requirement of narrow-beam width and low sidelobe characteristics. After the simulation of Ansoft HFSS, an antenna prototype is finally developed. The effect of amplitude distribution on the radiation patterns has been analysised and the measurement results of the antenna prototype were as expected. The VSWR is below 1.5 over the working frequency band. The HPBW is less than 14 degrees in H side and more than 50 degrees in E side. It shows that the design is valuable in engineering practice.
Secondly, a specific radiation antenna is designed by Ansoft HFSS. By changing the two cones’angle and height, the antenna’s radiation characteristics can be adjusted. Because the antenna would install on the aircraft, it is necessary to consider about the influence of aircraft itself on the antenna radiation. The antenna needs large power capacity, so a waveguide was used as the feeding part, and it also needs to consider about the impact of the waveguide on the radiation pattens. The simulation results show that the VSWR of the antenna is below 2 over the working frequency band. It has an Omni-directional radiation in horizontal plane and provides radiation patterns with gain greater than 2dBi from 65 degrees to 95 degrees in vertical. Then, an antenna prototype was fabricated and tested.
Finally, the thesis presented a kind of antenna which is using in explosive detection based on the technique of NQR. The antenna was manufactured and tested. The results show that the antenna performance fulfilled the request.
首先,以具有窄波束和低副瓣特性的机载阵列天线为研究目标,设计了天线单元以及由多级不等功分器组成的馈电网络。采用HFSS仿真软件进行了仿真设计,根据设计结果,研制了天线工程样机,分析了幅度分布对天线方向图的影响,对天线样机电性能进行了实际测量,测量结果表明,天线在工作频段内驻波系数小于1.5,方向图H面半功率波瓣宽度小于14°,E面波瓣宽度大于50°,实测结果与仿真结果一致,表明该设计方法对工程应用具有一定的实用价值。
其次,在双锥天线理论上,采用HFSS软件设计了一种具有特殊波束覆盖的双锥天线,通过改变天线上下锥的角度及高度来实现方向图的赋形。由于天线安装在飞机上,设计需要考虑机体对天线辐射的影响。采用波导馈电满足了功率容量要求,考虑了波导管对天线辐射产生的影响。仿真结果表明,该天线在工作频段内驻波系数小于2,方向图水平面全向辐射,垂直面65°至95°增益大于2dBi。根据设计结果加工了天线样机,测量结果表明,天线电性能基本满足设计要求。
最后,论文结合核电四极矩共振技术,设计了用于探测爆炸物的探测天线,并对天线实物样机进行了测试,结果表明该天线可以满足工程要求。
The research works are made with scientific projects in this thesis. An airborne array antenna, an airborne antenna with specific radiation patterns and a detect antenna are presented. The contexts of the thesis are divided into three parts. An antenna array which performed a characteristic of narrow-beam width is designed and manufactured in part one; A specific radiation antenna is analysised in part two; A detect antenna which based on the technique of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is given in part three. The context is summarized as following:
Firstly, the antenna elements and feeding network which combined by multistage Wilkinson unbalance divider are designed with the requirement of narrow-beam width and low sidelobe characteristics. After the simulation of Ansoft HFSS, an antenna prototype is finally developed. The effect of amplitude distribution on the radiation patterns has been analysised and the measurement results of the antenna prototype were as expected. The VSWR is below 1.5 over the working frequency band. The HPBW is less than 14 degrees in H side and more than 50 degrees in E side. It shows that the design is valuable in engineering practice.
Secondly, a specific radiation antenna is designed by Ansoft HFSS. By changing the two cones’angle and height, the antenna’s radiation characteristics can be adjusted. Because the antenna would install on the aircraft, it is necessary to consider about the influence of aircraft itself on the antenna radiation. The antenna needs large power capacity, so a waveguide was used as the feeding part, and it also needs to consider about the impact of the waveguide on the radiation pattens. The simulation results show that the VSWR of the antenna is below 2 over the working frequency band. It has an Omni-directional radiation in horizontal plane and provides radiation patterns with gain greater than 2dBi from 65 degrees to 95 degrees in vertical. Then, an antenna prototype was fabricated and tested.
Finally, the thesis presented a kind of antenna which is using in explosive detection based on the technique of NQR. The antenna was manufactured and tested. The results show that the antenna performance fulfilled the request.
引文
[1]林昌禄,天线工程手册[M]电子工业出版社。2002
[2] 630所编. AD 742439,天线分析报告[R]. 1985
[3] Hasserjian G.,Jshimaru A,Excitation of A Conducting Cylindrical Surface of Large Radius of Curvature[J],Trans. of the Ire,Vol..10,No. 3,May,1962,pp. 264-273.
[4]航空工业部标准. HB6088-86 .机载天线通用技术条件[M]. 1986.
[5]张祖稷,金林,束咸荣.雷达天线技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.28-36.
[6]王泽伟,贾宏进.搜索雷达建模与仿真研究[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.120-131.
[7]吕善伟.天线阵综合[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社, 1988.
[8]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1994.
[9]汪茂光.阵列天线分析与综合[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1989.
[10]翟孟云,严育林.阵列天线理论导引[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1980.
[11]阿米特等.相控阵天线理论与分析[M].中译本.北京:国防工业出版社,1978.
[12] Brown, G. H. Woodward, D. M. Experimentally Determined Radiation Characteristics of Conic and Triangular Antennas[J]. 1952(04).
[13] H Kawakami, Broad-band Characteristics of Rotationally Symmetric Antennas and Thin Wire Construct[J]. 1987(06).
[14]周世刚,孙保华,刘其中.一种改进型全向宽带双锥天线的研究[J].电子科学学报,第24卷,第2期,2009:224-227.
[15]朱杰,焦永昌.两类宽频带全向天线的设计[D].西安电子科技大学,2008.
[16]约翰.克劳斯.天线(第三版)[M].电子工业出版社.2007.
[17] Stone, John stone. U.S. Patents 1,643,323 and 1,715,433.
[18] Dolph, C. L. A Current Distribution for Broadside Arrays Which Optimizes the Relationship between Beam Width and Side-Lobe Level. Proc. IRE, 34, no.6,335-348, June 1946.
[19] Schelkunoff, S, A. Electromagnetic Wave[M]. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand. 1943.
[20] King, R. W. P. Sandler, S. S. Compact Conical Antennas for Wide-band Coverage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.1994,42:436-439
[21] Morrow, J. D. Analysis of Antennas for Ultra-wide-band Pulse Radiation[C]. IEEE AP-S Society Symposium. Piscateway, NJ, 2004.
[22] Taniguchi, T. Kobayashi, T. An Omni-directional and Low-VSWR Antenna for the FCC Approved UWB Frequency Band[C]. IEEE AP-S International symposium. Piscataway, NJ, 2003.
[23] Ruan Cheng-Li. A Universal Model for Biconical Antennas[J].电波科学学报, 2001.3,第16卷第1期:39-40.
[24]衡伯军.双锥体天线的输入阻抗的计算[J].南阳师范学院学报, 2005.12,第4卷第12期:39-42.
[25]张德齐.微波天线[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1987: 336-349.
[26]谢飞,邱景辉,宫守伟.非对称双锥天线辐射特性的研究[J].电子测量技术, 2009.6.第32卷第6期:31-34.
[27]王琪.任意锥角有限长双锥天线电磁特性的仿真研究[J].电波科学学报,2003,18[6]:704-708.
[28]刘金洋,郭茂祖,邓超.基于雁群启示的粒子群优化算法[J].计算机科学2006, Vol. 33 No.11
[29] Dvid M. Pozar著.张肇义,周乐著,吴德明等译,微波工程[M],电子工业出版社. 2006, 3.
[30]张福顺,张进民.天线测量[M].西安电子科技大学, 1995.
[31]徐风清,王建.一种宽带毫米波全向双锥喇叭天线研究[J].全国微波毫米波会议论文集第二部分微波毫米波天线与散射. 2007:304-307.
[32] A. D. Hibbs, G. A. Barrall, P. V. Czipott, A. J. Drew, D. K. Lathrop, Y. K. Lee. Man Portable Mine Detector Using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[C]. Detection of abandoned land mines, 12-14 October 1998.
[33] Das T P, Hahn E L. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy[J]. Solid State Physics, suppl. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1958.
[34]石光明,徐更光,王廷增,李润华.核四极共振在炸药探测上的应用[J].火炸药学报, 2004.9.第27卷第3期:70-73.
[35]孙汉城,李广将.检查隐藏违禁品的核技术[J], 2005.5.同位素,第18卷第122期:110-116.
[36]刘兆和,倪宏伟,张国进,高攀.核四极矩共振(NQR)探雷关键技术研究[J]. 2005.12.工兵装备研究,第24卷第6期:17-21.
[37]刘兆和,吴滕芳,顾文彬,高攀.核四极矩共振炸药探测原理与试验[J]. 2006年2月解放军理工大学学报第7卷第1期:60-63.
[38] Cumming C, Aker C, Fisher M, Using Novel Fluorescent Polymers As Sensory Materials for Above-ground Sensing of Chemical Signature Compounds Emanating from Buried Landmines[J]. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001(39):1119-1128.
[39] Barrall C A. Derby K A, Drew A J. Development of A Quadrupole Resonance Confirmation Systerm[J]. Proc SPIE, 2004, 5415(2), 1256-1267.
[40] Smith J A S. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy, General Principles[J]. Chemical Education, 1971(48):39-49.
[41] Deas R M, Burch I A, Port D M. The Detection of RDX and TNT Mine-like Targets by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[J]. Proc SPIE,2002, 4742(1): 482-489.
[2] 630所编. AD 742439,天线分析报告[R]. 1985
[3] Hasserjian G.,Jshimaru A,Excitation of A Conducting Cylindrical Surface of Large Radius of Curvature[J],Trans. of the Ire,Vol..10,No. 3,May,1962,pp. 264-273.
[4]航空工业部标准. HB6088-86 .机载天线通用技术条件[M]. 1986.
[5]张祖稷,金林,束咸荣.雷达天线技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社, 2004.28-36.
[6]王泽伟,贾宏进.搜索雷达建模与仿真研究[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2005.120-131.
[7]吕善伟.天线阵综合[M].北京:北京航空学院出版社, 1988.
[8]魏文元,宫德明,陈必森.天线原理[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 1994.
[9]汪茂光.阵列天线分析与综合[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社, 1989.
[10]翟孟云,严育林.阵列天线理论导引[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 1980.
[11]阿米特等.相控阵天线理论与分析[M].中译本.北京:国防工业出版社,1978.
[12] Brown, G. H. Woodward, D. M. Experimentally Determined Radiation Characteristics of Conic and Triangular Antennas[J]. 1952(04).
[13] H Kawakami, Broad-band Characteristics of Rotationally Symmetric Antennas and Thin Wire Construct[J]. 1987(06).
[14]周世刚,孙保华,刘其中.一种改进型全向宽带双锥天线的研究[J].电子科学学报,第24卷,第2期,2009:224-227.
[15]朱杰,焦永昌.两类宽频带全向天线的设计[D].西安电子科技大学,2008.
[16]约翰.克劳斯.天线(第三版)[M].电子工业出版社.2007.
[17] Stone, John stone. U.S. Patents 1,643,323 and 1,715,433.
[18] Dolph, C. L. A Current Distribution for Broadside Arrays Which Optimizes the Relationship between Beam Width and Side-Lobe Level. Proc. IRE, 34, no.6,335-348, June 1946.
[19] Schelkunoff, S, A. Electromagnetic Wave[M]. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand. 1943.
[20] King, R. W. P. Sandler, S. S. Compact Conical Antennas for Wide-band Coverage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.1994,42:436-439
[21] Morrow, J. D. Analysis of Antennas for Ultra-wide-band Pulse Radiation[C]. IEEE AP-S Society Symposium. Piscateway, NJ, 2004.
[22] Taniguchi, T. Kobayashi, T. An Omni-directional and Low-VSWR Antenna for the FCC Approved UWB Frequency Band[C]. IEEE AP-S International symposium. Piscataway, NJ, 2003.
[23] Ruan Cheng-Li. A Universal Model for Biconical Antennas[J].电波科学学报, 2001.3,第16卷第1期:39-40.
[24]衡伯军.双锥体天线的输入阻抗的计算[J].南阳师范学院学报, 2005.12,第4卷第12期:39-42.
[25]张德齐.微波天线[M].北京:国防工业出版社. 1987: 336-349.
[26]谢飞,邱景辉,宫守伟.非对称双锥天线辐射特性的研究[J].电子测量技术, 2009.6.第32卷第6期:31-34.
[27]王琪.任意锥角有限长双锥天线电磁特性的仿真研究[J].电波科学学报,2003,18[6]:704-708.
[28]刘金洋,郭茂祖,邓超.基于雁群启示的粒子群优化算法[J].计算机科学2006, Vol. 33 No.11
[29] Dvid M. Pozar著.张肇义,周乐著,吴德明等译,微波工程[M],电子工业出版社. 2006, 3.
[30]张福顺,张进民.天线测量[M].西安电子科技大学, 1995.
[31]徐风清,王建.一种宽带毫米波全向双锥喇叭天线研究[J].全国微波毫米波会议论文集第二部分微波毫米波天线与散射. 2007:304-307.
[32] A. D. Hibbs, G. A. Barrall, P. V. Czipott, A. J. Drew, D. K. Lathrop, Y. K. Lee. Man Portable Mine Detector Using Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[C]. Detection of abandoned land mines, 12-14 October 1998.
[33] Das T P, Hahn E L. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy[J]. Solid State Physics, suppl. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1958.
[34]石光明,徐更光,王廷增,李润华.核四极共振在炸药探测上的应用[J].火炸药学报, 2004.9.第27卷第3期:70-73.
[35]孙汉城,李广将.检查隐藏违禁品的核技术[J], 2005.5.同位素,第18卷第122期:110-116.
[36]刘兆和,倪宏伟,张国进,高攀.核四极矩共振(NQR)探雷关键技术研究[J]. 2005.12.工兵装备研究,第24卷第6期:17-21.
[37]刘兆和,吴滕芳,顾文彬,高攀.核四极矩共振炸药探测原理与试验[J]. 2006年2月解放军理工大学学报第7卷第1期:60-63.
[38] Cumming C, Aker C, Fisher M, Using Novel Fluorescent Polymers As Sensory Materials for Above-ground Sensing of Chemical Signature Compounds Emanating from Buried Landmines[J]. IEEE Transaction on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2001(39):1119-1128.
[39] Barrall C A. Derby K A, Drew A J. Development of A Quadrupole Resonance Confirmation Systerm[J]. Proc SPIE, 2004, 5415(2), 1256-1267.
[40] Smith J A S. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy, General Principles[J]. Chemical Education, 1971(48):39-49.
[41] Deas R M, Burch I A, Port D M. The Detection of RDX and TNT Mine-like Targets by Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance[J]. Proc SPIE,2002, 4742(1): 482-489.