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组织公平对部队军官工作行为影响机制研究
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摘要
公平一直是人类追求理想与愿景,中国共产党十八大报告中提出“要逐步建立起权利公平、机会公平、规则公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系”,这是“以民为本”理念的具体化。随着社会经济的快速发展,军事科技的日新月异,部队军官已成为军事组织的核心力量。创造公平、公正的组织环境,激发军官积极工作的动机,是军事组织变革发展中急需解决的重要问题。
     大量的研究发现,组织公平的最大价值在于它对组织效果变量较强的预测力。本研究基于我国团级及以下的部队军官的特征,首先,对组织公平、组织支持感、工作倦怠、任务绩效、组织公民行为(Organizational Citizen Behavior,简称OCB,下同)的相关理论和文献进行了综述,构建了组织公平及其四因素对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)影响机制的理论模型,提出研究假设;其次,基于调查数据(预测试380份、正式测试1086份),通过信效度分析、描述性统计、方差分析、多元回归分析、中介作用检验、结构方程建模等数理分析方法,检验了组织公平及其四因素通过组织支持感、工作倦怠的中介作用对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)影响的心理机制。本文取得了一系列有意义的研究结论:
     (1)经过调查问卷的信效度检验,论文验证了组织公平的四因素结构、组织支持感的二因素结构、工作倦怠的三因素结构、任务绩效的一因素结构以及OCB的五因素结构都适用于我国团级及以下的部队军官,修订并确定了达到心理测量学要求的相关测量工具。
     (2)描述性统计分析表明,部队军官组织公平、组织支持感、任务绩效以及OCB的均值水平分别高于中位数4,工作倦怠的均值低于中位数4。从总体上说明,我国团级及以下部队军官的工作状态较好;独立样本T检验和方差分析表明,不同人口统计学因素对本研究各主要变量的影响存在显著的差异。
     (3)相关分析和多元回归分析结果表明,组织公平对部队军官组织支持感、工作倦怠、任务绩效、OCB均有显著的预测力;组织支持感对工作倦怠、任务绩效、OCB均有显著的预测力;工作倦怠对任务绩效、OCB均有显著的预测力;组织支持感、工作倦怠在组织公平与任务绩效、OCB分别具有部分中介作用。
     (4)论文采用结构方程建模技术,运用AMOS17.0统计软件,以组织支持感、工作倦怠为中介变量,进一步验证组织公平对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的结构方程模型Ⅰ,以及组织公平四因素对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的结构模型Ⅱ,结果发现:①组织公平不仅对部队军官任务绩效、OCB有直接影响,也会通过组织支持感、工作倦怠的部分中介作用对部队军官任务绩效、OCB产生间接影响,组织公平对部队军官OCB的总效应(0.889)要强于对任务绩效的总效应(0.628)。②除分配公平、信息公平分别对部队军官工作倦怠、任务绩效的影响不显著外,其余变量之间均有显著的预测关系。组织公平四因素均分别通过组织支持感、工作倦怠的部分中介作用对部队军官任务绩效、OCB产生间接影响,其中,对部队军官任务绩效的总效应而言,程序公平最强(0.395),领导公平次之(0.23),信息公平较弱(0.114),分配公平最低(0.025);对部队军官OCB的总效应而言,程序公平最强(0.713),领导公平次之(0.635),信息公平较弱(0.531),分配公平最弱(0.30)。
     相对于已有研究来说,本论文的创新点主要体现为:基于“组织实践——心理认知——情绪反应——行为”的逻辑关系,构建了组织公平及其四因素对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的理论模型;验证了部队军官组织公平、组织支持感、工作倦怠、任务绩效和OCB的结构因素,修订并确定了相应的测量条款;统计了部队军官组织公平、组织支持感、工作倦怠、工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的均值水平,以及人口统计学因素的控制效应;基于相关分析以及多元回归分析,初步验证了组织支持感、工作倦怠在组织公平与工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)之间的中介作用;基于结构方程建模技术,进一步验证了组织公平及其四因素对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)影响机制的模型Ⅰ和模型Ⅱ,从组织内社会交换和工作倦怠的视角,揭示了组织公平及其结构对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的影响“黑箱”,包括影响路径、大小和方向;根据部队军官的职业特征,对研究结论进行了讨论分析,并提出相应的军队人力资源管理的对策建议。
     我国是世界上军队人数最多的国家,团级及以下部队军官是我军队战斗力的基础。本研究从组织公平的视角,基于国内外已有研究成果,从组织支持感和工作倦怠的角度,分析了组织公平及其四因素对部队军官工作行为(任务绩效、OCB)的影响机制。研究结论既具丰富了组织管理的理论研究,也对部队组织实施科学化、人本化管理有重要的实践指导价值。
Justice is the pursuit of human ideal and vision,The Eighteenth Report of the Communist Party of China put forward:Constuct continually Social Security System concluding authority justice,opportunity justice,rule justice,which is the embodiment of the"people-oriented".With the rapid development of social economy,Military science and technology is changing rapidly,Army talents have become a core element of military organization development.How to create a fair,impartial organization environment,Excite army officer's motivation,Which is an important problem to be solved during military organizational development.
     As a lot of researches believed,The maximum value of organizational justice is which had a type of strong predictive power for organizational effectiveness.Focused on army officers at the rank of regimental level and below,The study Summarized correlative theories and literatures of organizational justice,perceived organizational support(POS),job burnout and work behavior(task performance,OCB),The study constrcted theoretical model which concluded organizational justice and it's four factors infuenced on army officier's work behavior,Proposed corresponding research hypothesis;Next in importance,During the process of studying,Based on questionnaire's data(Pretest380,formal test1086),The study through a series of mathematical analysis on large sample data,such as reliability analysis,validity analysis,descriptive statistics analysis,variance analysis,multiple regression analysis,mediation analysis and SEM(structural equation model),The study explored the influence mechanism of army officer's organizational justice and it's four factors influenced on work behavior (task performance, OCB).These main research conclusions of the studuy are as follows:
     Firstly,By questionnaire's reliability and validity test,Conclusions showed the four factors structure of organizational justice,the two factors structure of POS,the three factors structure of job burnout,the one factor structure of task performance and the five factors structure of OCB were all applied to army officers at the rank of regimental level and below,Revised and determined the corresponding measuring questionnaire.
     Secondly,Conclusions by discriptive statistics analysis showed army officer's mean level of organizational justice,POS,job burnout,task performance and OCB were all higher than median4,Job burnout's mean level was lower than median4,Which indicated army officers in our troops were all in a good working state;Conclusions by independent samples T test and variance analysis showed effects that different demographic factors influenced on main variables in the study were different
     Thirdly,Conclusions by correlation and multiple hierarchical regression analysis which showed organizational justice had significant prediction to POS,job burnout,task performance or OCB;POS had significant prediction to job burnout,task performance or OCB;Job burnout had significant prediction to task performance or OCB;job burnout,POS were respectivly part of the intermediary role between organizational justice and task performance or OCB.
     Fourthly,From the point of POS and job burnout,The study used SEM to test furtherly the mechanism that organizational justice and it's four factors influenced on army officer's work behavior(task performance,OCB).Conclusions showed organizational justice not only had direct influence but also had indirect influence through POS and job burnout on army officers task performance or OCB,The total effect of organizational justice on OCB(0.889)is stronger than task performance (0.628).On the other side,Conclusions also showed the influence of information justice and distributive justice on job burnout or task performance was not significant,Which had significant predictive power among the remained variables;Army officer's POS and job burnout were mediated between Organizational justice's four factors and task performance or OCB. In terms of total effect of organizational justice's four factors on task performance,Procedural justice is the strongest(0.395),leader justice is the second(0.23),Information justice is relatively weak(0.114),Distributive justice is the lowest(0.025);In terms of total effect on OCB,Procedural justice is the strongest(0.713),leader justice is the second (0.635),Information justice is relatively weak (0.531),Distribution justice is the lowest(0.30).
     Compared with the existing research,The study obtained some creative conclusions:Based on the logical relationship of "organizational practice-psychological perception-emotional response-behavior",Builded the theoretical model of military officers' organizational justice to work behavior;The study verified the factor structure of organizational justice,organizational support,job burnout,task performance and OCB,and determinied corresponding revisied measurement terms;Based on a large sample data (1086),The study explored mean level of military officers'organizational justice, POS, job burnout, work behavior (task performance, OCB) and their structural factors, The study also considered eight demographic factors'controlling effects;Based on a large sample data, Through correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis,The study examined preliminarily the intermediary role of POS and job burnout between organizational justice and military officers'working behavior;Used SEM techniques,Further Examined SEMI and II of organization justice and its four factors affected military officers' work behavior,Including the impacting relationship,impacting degree,impacting direction;According to military officers'occupational characteristics,The study concluded a series of discussion and analysis,Proposed military human resource management strategies accordingly.
     China is the world's largest number of national army,Army officers at the rank of regimental level and below are basic fightinge effectiveness of the army.Based on the existing conclusions at home and abroad,From perspectiveness of POS and job burnout,The study analyzed the psychological mechanism of organizational justice and it's four factors influenced on army officer's work behavior(task performance,OCB),These conclusions not only enriched organizational management theory,But also had an important practical guiding value for scientific,humanistic management in military organization.
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