核桃青皮中多酚类物质及其抗氧化性的分析
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摘要
核桃系胡桃科核桃属植物,在我国分布范围广阔。本文首先以普通核桃的不同部分为研究对象,确定各部分多酚类物质的组成及含量的分布;再以普通核桃、不老屯核桃、美国黑核桃为试验材料,重点研究不同品种核桃青皮中多酚类物质的成分、含量及抗氧化活性。
试验结果表明:核桃中对人体有益的多酚类物质主要集中在青皮、种皮部分,且青皮中多酚类物质的绝对含量相对较高;在不同品种核桃青皮的多酚类物质中,从总酚含量、单宁含量及胡桃醌含量看,美国黑核桃青皮均最高,其次为普通核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮均最少。
从所拥有的多酚类物质种类数看,普通核桃青皮的最多,其次为美国黑核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮最少。在三个品种的酚酸类物质中,没食子酸含量均是最高的,且从其含量看,不老屯核桃青皮最高,其次为美国黑核桃青皮,普通核桃青皮最少。在三个品种的黄酮类物质中,芦丁的含量均是最高的,且从其含量上看,美国黑核桃青皮最高,其次为普通核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮最少。
从抗氧化性看,利用DPPH自由基的反应体系进行清除自由基实验,美国黑核桃青皮清除自由基的能力最强,其次为不老屯核桃青皮,普通核桃青皮最弱。
Widespread in China, walnut (Julans regia L) is a member plant of walnut genera in the walnut family. The paper first made a study on different parts of walnut to determine the types and content of polyphenols in each part. Then three types of walnuts (i.e.walnut, Bulaotun walnut and Eastern Black walnut) were selected as experimental materials and research was mainly focused on the types, content and antioxidant activity of polyphenols within the green rinds of the three types of walnuts.
It shows that polyphenols good for man are mainly reserved in green rind and kernel pellicle of walnuts and most highly in the green rind. And among the three types of walnuts, Eastern Black has the highest amount of Total Phenolics, PPP as well as Juglone in its green rind. Walnut ranks second and Bulaotun has the lowest.
In terms of number of polyphenol varieties, the green rind of walnut has the most. Eastern Black ranks second and Bulaotun has the least. For each of the three types of walnuts, gallic acid is always of a higher amount compared with other Phenolic Acid materials. And in terms of content, green rind of Bulaotun possesses the highest amount. Eastern Black ranks second and walnut has the least. And for each of the three types of walnuts, Rutin is always of a higher amount compared with other Flavonoid materials. And in terms of content, green rind of Eastern Black possesses the highest amount. Walnut ranks second and Bulaotun has the least. With regard to antioxidant activity, the green rind of Eastern Black is most able when testing antioxidant power by the DPPH method. Bulaotun ranks second and Walnut the weakest.
试验结果表明:核桃中对人体有益的多酚类物质主要集中在青皮、种皮部分,且青皮中多酚类物质的绝对含量相对较高;在不同品种核桃青皮的多酚类物质中,从总酚含量、单宁含量及胡桃醌含量看,美国黑核桃青皮均最高,其次为普通核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮均最少。
从所拥有的多酚类物质种类数看,普通核桃青皮的最多,其次为美国黑核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮最少。在三个品种的酚酸类物质中,没食子酸含量均是最高的,且从其含量看,不老屯核桃青皮最高,其次为美国黑核桃青皮,普通核桃青皮最少。在三个品种的黄酮类物质中,芦丁的含量均是最高的,且从其含量上看,美国黑核桃青皮最高,其次为普通核桃青皮,不老屯核桃青皮最少。
从抗氧化性看,利用DPPH自由基的反应体系进行清除自由基实验,美国黑核桃青皮清除自由基的能力最强,其次为不老屯核桃青皮,普通核桃青皮最弱。
Widespread in China, walnut (Julans regia L) is a member plant of walnut genera in the walnut family. The paper first made a study on different parts of walnut to determine the types and content of polyphenols in each part. Then three types of walnuts (i.e.walnut, Bulaotun walnut and Eastern Black walnut) were selected as experimental materials and research was mainly focused on the types, content and antioxidant activity of polyphenols within the green rinds of the three types of walnuts.
It shows that polyphenols good for man are mainly reserved in green rind and kernel pellicle of walnuts and most highly in the green rind. And among the three types of walnuts, Eastern Black has the highest amount of Total Phenolics, PPP as well as Juglone in its green rind. Walnut ranks second and Bulaotun has the lowest.
In terms of number of polyphenol varieties, the green rind of walnut has the most. Eastern Black ranks second and Bulaotun has the least. For each of the three types of walnuts, gallic acid is always of a higher amount compared with other Phenolic Acid materials. And in terms of content, green rind of Bulaotun possesses the highest amount. Eastern Black ranks second and walnut has the least. And for each of the three types of walnuts, Rutin is always of a higher amount compared with other Flavonoid materials. And in terms of content, green rind of Eastern Black possesses the highest amount. Walnut ranks second and Bulaotun has the least. With regard to antioxidant activity, the green rind of Eastern Black is most able when testing antioxidant power by the DPPH method. Bulaotun ranks second and Walnut the weakest.
引文
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3 催莉,葛文光.核桃蛋白质功能性研究.食品科学[J]2000/1
4 郗荣庭,张毅萍.中国果树志:核桃卷[M ].北京,中国林业出版社,1996
5 姚焕英,唐静成,张鞍灵,胥耀平.核桃属植物化学成分及生物活性研究[J].西北植物学报 2003,23(9):1650~1655
6 TALAPATRA S K, KARMACHARYA B, DE S C,TALAPATRA B. (-)-regiolone,antetralone from Juglans regia:structure,stereochemistry and conformation [J]. Phytochemistry, 1988,27(12): 3929~3932
7 石碧,狄莹.植物多酚.科学出版社.2000
8 丁林生.中药化学.中国中医药出版社,1997:175~183
9 赵扬帆,郑宝东.植物多酚类物质及其功能学研究进展[J]. 福建轻纺.2006 年 11 月
10 王勇,吴国良.核桃果实中酚类物质含量变化研究. Chinese Agriculture Science Bulletin , Vol.20 No 6, 2004 Dec
11 江苏新医学院编.中药大辞典(下册)[M].上海科学技术出版社,1988:1544
12 ALKHAWAJAH A M. Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Juglans regia[J ]. A m. J. Clin. M ed. 1997,25(2):175~180
13 张野平,许绍惠.胡桃属植物毒性成分及其应用[J].沈阳农业大学学报.21(2);167~190,1990
14 DU X (杜旭),LI Y W(李玉文),NI Y(倪雁),et al. Research and perspective of analgesic effect of Chinese medicin green walnut [J]. Journal of Chinese Materia Medica(中国中药杂志),2000,25(1):7~10 (in Chinese)
15 WAN L(宛蕾),CHEN X F(陈秀芬),DU J(杜江).Studies on the anti inflammatory and analgesic Effect of Hu Tao Qing Pi[J ].pharmacological and Clinical of Chinese Medicines(中药药理与临床),1999,15(2):29~30 (in Chinese)
16 陈冀胜,郑硕,吴征镒审定.中国有毒植物[M ].北京:科学出版社,1987:281.
17 南京药学院中草药学编写组.中草药学(中册)[M]. 南京:江苏人民出版社,1976:102
18 孟洁.核桃仁活性成分的提取及体外抗氧化活性的研究[J].食品科学 2001.ol 22,No.12 44~47
19 晓珂,李钦.冬凌草中酚酸类化学成分研究[J].中国药学杂志.Vol.39 No.5 May 2004
20 张洁,李忠正.兴安落叶松树木中酚类化合物组成研究[J].纤维素科学与技术 Vol.9 No.4 Dec.2001
21 Feldman, The Scientific Evidence for a Beneficial Health Relationship Between Walnut and Coron-ary Heart Disease[J], Journal of Nutrition, 132
22 雷其云等.化云宁滴眼剂的鞣质检查[J].第四军医大学学报,1997 ,18(1) :90~91.
23 王玉龙等.疮灵膏的鉴别及其含量测定方法的研究[J].中草药,1989 ,11 (12) :829.
24 竺叶青等.中药地榆的薄层层析鉴别及鞣质测定[J].上海医科大学学报,1995,22 (2) :149~150
25 雷其云等.用薄层层析法检测鞣质[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22 (5):287~289
26 何丽一.平面色谱法及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000
27 周同惠.纸色谱和薄层色谱[M].北京:科技出版社,1989
28 王君玲,贾淑梅.薄层色谱法及其在药物、色素分离等方面的应用[J].锦州师范学院学报:自然科学版,2003,24(1):14~16
29 吴寿全,赵泰,秦永琪.现代中草药成分化学[M],中国医药科技出版社,2002: 127~129
30 博路,杭瑚.核桃壳抗氧化和清除活性氧自由基的研究[J].研究与讨论 2002,VO1.23,NO.3
31 ALKHAWAJAH A M. Studies on the anti microbial activity of Juglans regia[J ]. A m. J. Clin. Med., 1997, 25(2):175~180
32 J G Dorsey, et al.Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology.Anal Chem, 1996, 68(12), 515R~568R
33 A Apfiel, et al.Application of HPLC-electrospray ionization MS and matrix-assisted laserdesorp-tion ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in combination with selective enzymatic modifica-tion in the characterization of glycosylation pattern in single-chain plasminogen activator.J Chrom-atogr A, 1996,732(1):27~42
34 I S Lurle,A C Alen.Isolation,Seperation And Detection Via High-Periormance Liquid Chromatogra-phy of Acidic And Neutral Acetylated Rearrangement Products of Opium Alkaloids.J Chuomatogr, 1984,317:427
35 Tian Q G, Screening for limonoid glucosides in Citrus tangerine(Tanaka)Tseng by high perform-ance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.J Chromatogr A ,2000, 874(1):13~19
36 Mary F, Evangelisto.Preparative high-performance liquid chromatographlic separation offluorodeo-xy sugars.J Chromatogr A, 1995, 695(1):128~131
37 Rey J P.Analytical studies of isorhoeadine and rhoeagenine in petal extracts of Papaver rhoeas L.using high-performance liquid chromatography.J ChromatogrA,1992,596(2):276~280
38 吴谋成.仪器分析(21 世纪高等院校教材)[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
39 Salagoity-Auguste , M H , et al. Preliminary investigation for the differentiation of oneological tannins according to botanical origin : determinationof gallic acid and its derivatives [ J ] . Am-J-Enol-Vitic, 1986, 37 (4):301~303.
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