禺毛茛复合体物种新缘关系地理变异规律研究
|
摘要
毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)毛茛属(Ranunculus)共有2000种，我国有122种，禺毛茛复合体(Ranunculus cantoniensis complex)是其中一群形态相近的复合分类群。具有分布广、进化历史悠久、生境条件复杂多样、种内形态可塑性大、染色体组倍性变化频率高、行有性和无性两种繁殖方式及其分布区常伴随人类的活动而扩张等特点。鉴于该复合体及其近缘种进化历史的悠久性、生长习性上的多样性、倍性上的多倍性以及遗传变异的丰富性等特点。本研究通过禺毛茛起源的分子学和细胞学研究，分析了禺毛茛复合体的组成及其形成机制；对我国8个省市(云南、贵州、四川、重庆、广西、湖南、广东、江西)的禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种在居群水平上进行了植物形态、核型的遗传变异规律分析。研究结果主要包括以下几个方面：
1禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种常常分布在有人类活动的区域，特别是新开垦的荒地，它们往往成为最先的占领者。分布地形具有丰富的多样性，综合其分布的丰富多样性，可将其分为4种类型：丘陵山地型(山地及路旁)；平原湿地型(水沟旁水田边)；滨海滩涂型(河滩、水库旁)和农林间隙地草地型(林缘田埂)。在多倍体种中，既有低倍体和高倍体混生的情况，如匍枝毛茛；也有低倍体生活在相对潮湿的环境，而高倍体生活在相对干旱的情况，如扬子毛茛。另外野外观察表明，导致复合体及其近缘种的形态发生变异的外部因素中，除了居群所处的地理位置外，也与同一地理位置下不同的小生境类型密切相关，如长花毛茛、禺毛茛及毛茛中，均发现分布在相对潮湿地方的植株，其叶形一般呈卵圆形或圆形，根粗壮；而随着居群向干旱的地方分布，其叶形有逐渐变狭窄而成长条形，根也逐渐变成细长的趋势。
2分子研究结果表明，在禺毛茛的杂交起源中，除卷喙毛茛外，另一个亲本更可能是长花毛茛，而不是茴茴蒜。且长花毛茛是禺毛茛的母本，而卷喙毛茛是父本。
3经分子研究及核型分析，结合Tamura M.(1978)Okada(1984 1989)及廖亮(1995)的研究结果，推断禺毛茛复合体由禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛、长花毛茛、茴茴蒜及扬子毛茛组成。其中禺毛茛是经卷喙毛茛的原始型与长花毛茛的进化型杂交而来。成员间可能是通过短m型染色体组作纽带而构成彼此的亲缘关系。且该复合体为一成熟阶段的复合体。
4聚类分析结果，由22个形态性状(见第6方面所列)或7个染色体性状(染色体数目、染色体组总长、m型染色体的比例、sm型染色体比例、st型染色体比例、t型染色体比例、核型不对称系数)聚类分析得出的种间关系，与传统的形态分类结果相似，能较好地反映禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种的种间亲缘关系，说明这些性状的选取对复合体的分析是合理而有效的。
5禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种居群内：株高、基生叶柄长、基生叶片长、基生叶片宽、基生叶长宽比、基生叶一回裂片宽、基生叶一回裂片深、基生叶二回裂片宽、基生叶二回裂片深、茎生叶裂片长、茎生叶裂片宽、茎生叶长、茎生叶宽、茎生叶长宽比、花瓣长、花瓣宽、花瓣长宽比、萼片长、萼片宽、萼片长宽比、每花心皮数及瘦果扁平度等22个表型性状均存在较大的差异，其中变异幅度最大的，不同的种有不同的表现性状，但大部分都是营养器官及少数繁殖器官的绝对大小；最小的是花瓣长宽比、花萼长宽比、瘦果扁平度。
6禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种居群间：受到不同地理环境的影响，不同的地理居群表现出不同的形态表型性状，其中变异系数较大的为各种营养器官及少数繁殖器官的绝对性状；而且对于那些稳定的(花瓣长宽比、花萼长宽比、瘦果扁平度)，有的种类呈现随纬度增大而增加，如禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛；而有的随经度增加而增加的趋势，如茴茴蒜；同时说明了各形态表型性状受地理环境影响改变程度的差异是不同的，也表明复合体种的形态表型性状表现出其很强的环境适应能力。
同时，经方差分析可知，不同的种，居群间差异显著表现在不同的性状上。禺毛茛达到居群间差异显著的性状是基生叶柄长，极显著的是花瓣长；卷喙毛茛各表型性状在居群间花瓣长宽比、瘦果扁平度表现出极显著的差异；茴茴蒜在居群间的变异程度表现得比较剧烈，主要反映在株高、基生叶柄长、茎生叶裂片长、茎生叶裂片宽、花瓣宽、花瓣长宽比极显著差异上；扬子毛茛各表型性状在居群间的变异表现得相对稳定，其中只有基生叶一回裂片宽表现出显著的差异。通过复合体居群间形态特征差异的显著性检验，发现种内变异系数大的性状在居群间的差异不一定显著，如茎生叶长、基生叶二回裂片深；而有些性状的变异系数不大，但在居群间却差异显著甚至极显著，如花瓣长宽比、瘦果扁平度，即居群间性状差异是否显著与种内变异系数大小之间没有内在的联系。
7对复合体及其近缘种形态表型性状的数据进行主成分分析结果显示：复合体的不同种类，形成表型差异的主要原因各不相同，但又有共同的特点，那就是其主要原因都归属于营养器官或繁殖器官的绝对值。如禺毛茛株高、基生叶一回裂片宽、萼片长；卷喙毛茛的基生叶二回裂片宽、基生叶一回裂片宽、茎生叶宽；长花毛茛的花瓣长、花瓣宽、萼片长、萼片宽；茴茴蒜的株高、基生叶柄长及基生叶二回裂片宽以及扬子的毛茛花瓣长、花瓣宽。
8复合体及其近缘种的核型分析结果表明：禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛大体上呈现出随纬度增大，核型不对称系数增大、染色体组总长减小的趋势(染色体减小是一种进化现象)；茴茴蒜呈现出随经度增大，核型不对称系数增大、染色体组总长减小的趋势，与形态学反映的情况基本吻合。结合核型和形态学的分析结果，推测复合体及其近缘种在我国的进化历史过程中，其可能的迁移路线是从我国西南部的云贵高原及横断山脉一带出发，然后按照从西向东也就是经度不断增大以及从南到北即纬度不断增加的两个方向迁移。二倍体和多倍体的不均衡进化导致禺毛茛的核型不对称系数反而明显小于二倍体的卷喙毛茛、长花毛茛或茴茴蒜，这种现象按单一的Levitzky(1931)的理论难以得到一个满意的解释。
9通过核型分析，结合形态学、孢粉学上的资料，可知禺毛茛复合体在毛茛属内处于一个较高的进化位置。
The Ranunculaceous Genus Ranunculus includes 2000 species, 122 species are distributedin China. Of which Ranunculus cantoniensis complex is a taxon group which morphology aresimilar. And they have the characteristics of wide distribution, long evolution history,complicated habitation, big plasticity in morphology, high frequency of ploidy, vegetative orsexual reproduction and be in presence along with human's activity.In view of their longevolutionary history, diversity in growth habits, as well as polyploidy, abundant variation andgenetic diversity. Study on formation of Ranunculus cantoniensis complex by fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH), TmL-F and karyotype was performed, the mechanism of itsformation was analysed; The morphological and karyotyping characters were studied at thepopulation level in R.cantoniensis complex and its allied species from 8 provinces or city inChina. The main research fruits go as follows:
ⅠR.cantoniensis complex and its allied species are often distributed in the areacharacterized by man's activity. Especially in the newly reclaimed badlands, they usuallybecome the first occupant. Their ecological environment types are in diversity and can beclassified into 4 types which are hill grassland type(grass land and roadside), plain meadowtype(streamside, patty field), seashore bottomland type (rivershore, reservoirside) andinterstitial-meadow of farmland and woodland type(forest margin, ridge of field). In thepolyploidy species, both of the case which low ploidy species is mixed with that of highploidy, such as R.repense ,and the case which low ploidy species is distributed in the relativelyhumid environment, while high ploidy one is present in the arid area, such as R.sieboldii,exist.
ⅡThe results based on the datum of moleculacy disclosed that another parent is mostpossibly R.silerifolius var.dolicathus but not R.chinensis,except for R.silerifoliusvar.silerifolius,in the interspecific hybrid origin of R.cantoniensis. It also implied thatR.silerifolius var.dolicathus is female parent, while R.silerifolius var.silerifolius is male parentof R. cantoniensis.
ⅢThe R. cantoniensis complex is made up of R. cantoniensis, R.silerifolius var.silerifolius,R.silerifolius var.dolicathus, R.chinensis and R.sieboldii. and it is probable that the members inthe complex became related through the genome called "short m-type". It is a complex of beingunder mature phase.
ⅣThe results from the cluster analysis by 22 morphological or 7 karyotypic charactersshowed the interspecific relationship among the species in R. cantoniensis complex and its alliedspecies are almostly identical to that of the classically morphological analysis. They can reflect the relationships among the species in R.cantoniensis complex and its allied species in greatdegree, it means that the choice of these characters are reasonable and effective.
ⅤIn the population of R.cantoniensis complex and its applied species: biggishdifferences exist in 22 external morphological traits such as length and width of basal leaf,length and width of petal and so on due to affection by genetic differentiation. Of which thebiggest variation range represent in different characters according to different species, thefewest variation range emerge in the ratio of length to width of petal and sepal,as well as thedegree of flat of achene.
ⅥAmong the populations of R.cantoniensis complex and its applied species:Differentgeographical population have different morphological characters resulted from affection bydifferent geography environment; Meanwhile, the stable characters i.e. ratio of length to widthof petal, ratio of length to width of sepal and degree of flat of achene are increasing with theincrease of latitude in some species, while they are increasing with the increase of longitude inother species; it showed that the degree of morphological variation due to affection by differentgeography environment is different and the complex posses high adaptation to environment. Inaddition, whether the difference among populations is considerable or not is not internallyconnect with the variance index in a species.
ⅦThe results from the main components analysis on datum of morphologicalcharacters in R.cantoniensis complex indicated that different species in the complex hasdifferent main elements which result of the morphological variation, but the main elementsshare the common characteristics:they all belong to vegetative apparatus or absolute value ofreproductive apparatus such as the width of the first and second turn split of basal leaf, thewidth of stem leaf in R.silerifolius var.silerifolius; length or width of petal and length or widthof sepal in R.silerifolius var.dolicathus; tall, length of leafstalk of basal leaf and the width ofsecond turn split of basal leaf in R. chinensis and length or width of petal in R.sieboldii.
ⅧThe analysis based on karyotype showed that the index of karyotype asymmetryincreased、and the total genome length decreased along with the increase of latitude inR.cantoniensis and R.silerifolius var. silerifolius; while they do so along with the increase oflongitude in R.chinensis.The results are almost consistent with those concluded frommorphology data set.Combining them, we can speculate the possible evolution route ofR.cantoniensis complex and its allied species in China is from YunGui altiplano and HengduanMountains to Eastward and Northward area according to the increase of longitude andlatitude, respectively.
ⅨThe R. cantoniensis complex is an advanced taxon in the Genus Ranunculus.
1禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种常常分布在有人类活动的区域，特别是新开垦的荒地，它们往往成为最先的占领者。分布地形具有丰富的多样性，综合其分布的丰富多样性，可将其分为4种类型：丘陵山地型(山地及路旁)；平原湿地型(水沟旁水田边)；滨海滩涂型(河滩、水库旁)和农林间隙地草地型(林缘田埂)。在多倍体种中，既有低倍体和高倍体混生的情况，如匍枝毛茛；也有低倍体生活在相对潮湿的环境，而高倍体生活在相对干旱的情况，如扬子毛茛。另外野外观察表明，导致复合体及其近缘种的形态发生变异的外部因素中，除了居群所处的地理位置外，也与同一地理位置下不同的小生境类型密切相关，如长花毛茛、禺毛茛及毛茛中，均发现分布在相对潮湿地方的植株，其叶形一般呈卵圆形或圆形，根粗壮；而随着居群向干旱的地方分布，其叶形有逐渐变狭窄而成长条形，根也逐渐变成细长的趋势。
2分子研究结果表明，在禺毛茛的杂交起源中，除卷喙毛茛外，另一个亲本更可能是长花毛茛，而不是茴茴蒜。且长花毛茛是禺毛茛的母本，而卷喙毛茛是父本。
3经分子研究及核型分析，结合Tamura M.(1978)Okada(1984 1989)及廖亮(1995)的研究结果，推断禺毛茛复合体由禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛、长花毛茛、茴茴蒜及扬子毛茛组成。其中禺毛茛是经卷喙毛茛的原始型与长花毛茛的进化型杂交而来。成员间可能是通过短m型染色体组作纽带而构成彼此的亲缘关系。且该复合体为一成熟阶段的复合体。
4聚类分析结果，由22个形态性状(见第6方面所列)或7个染色体性状(染色体数目、染色体组总长、m型染色体的比例、sm型染色体比例、st型染色体比例、t型染色体比例、核型不对称系数)聚类分析得出的种间关系，与传统的形态分类结果相似，能较好地反映禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种的种间亲缘关系，说明这些性状的选取对复合体的分析是合理而有效的。
5禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种居群内：株高、基生叶柄长、基生叶片长、基生叶片宽、基生叶长宽比、基生叶一回裂片宽、基生叶一回裂片深、基生叶二回裂片宽、基生叶二回裂片深、茎生叶裂片长、茎生叶裂片宽、茎生叶长、茎生叶宽、茎生叶长宽比、花瓣长、花瓣宽、花瓣长宽比、萼片长、萼片宽、萼片长宽比、每花心皮数及瘦果扁平度等22个表型性状均存在较大的差异，其中变异幅度最大的，不同的种有不同的表现性状，但大部分都是营养器官及少数繁殖器官的绝对大小；最小的是花瓣长宽比、花萼长宽比、瘦果扁平度。
6禺毛茛复合体及其近缘种居群间：受到不同地理环境的影响，不同的地理居群表现出不同的形态表型性状，其中变异系数较大的为各种营养器官及少数繁殖器官的绝对性状；而且对于那些稳定的(花瓣长宽比、花萼长宽比、瘦果扁平度)，有的种类呈现随纬度增大而增加，如禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛；而有的随经度增加而增加的趋势，如茴茴蒜；同时说明了各形态表型性状受地理环境影响改变程度的差异是不同的，也表明复合体种的形态表型性状表现出其很强的环境适应能力。
同时，经方差分析可知，不同的种，居群间差异显著表现在不同的性状上。禺毛茛达到居群间差异显著的性状是基生叶柄长，极显著的是花瓣长；卷喙毛茛各表型性状在居群间花瓣长宽比、瘦果扁平度表现出极显著的差异；茴茴蒜在居群间的变异程度表现得比较剧烈，主要反映在株高、基生叶柄长、茎生叶裂片长、茎生叶裂片宽、花瓣宽、花瓣长宽比极显著差异上；扬子毛茛各表型性状在居群间的变异表现得相对稳定，其中只有基生叶一回裂片宽表现出显著的差异。通过复合体居群间形态特征差异的显著性检验，发现种内变异系数大的性状在居群间的差异不一定显著，如茎生叶长、基生叶二回裂片深；而有些性状的变异系数不大，但在居群间却差异显著甚至极显著，如花瓣长宽比、瘦果扁平度，即居群间性状差异是否显著与种内变异系数大小之间没有内在的联系。
7对复合体及其近缘种形态表型性状的数据进行主成分分析结果显示：复合体的不同种类，形成表型差异的主要原因各不相同，但又有共同的特点，那就是其主要原因都归属于营养器官或繁殖器官的绝对值。如禺毛茛株高、基生叶一回裂片宽、萼片长；卷喙毛茛的基生叶二回裂片宽、基生叶一回裂片宽、茎生叶宽；长花毛茛的花瓣长、花瓣宽、萼片长、萼片宽；茴茴蒜的株高、基生叶柄长及基生叶二回裂片宽以及扬子的毛茛花瓣长、花瓣宽。
8复合体及其近缘种的核型分析结果表明：禺毛茛、卷喙毛茛大体上呈现出随纬度增大，核型不对称系数增大、染色体组总长减小的趋势(染色体减小是一种进化现象)；茴茴蒜呈现出随经度增大，核型不对称系数增大、染色体组总长减小的趋势，与形态学反映的情况基本吻合。结合核型和形态学的分析结果，推测复合体及其近缘种在我国的进化历史过程中，其可能的迁移路线是从我国西南部的云贵高原及横断山脉一带出发，然后按照从西向东也就是经度不断增大以及从南到北即纬度不断增加的两个方向迁移。二倍体和多倍体的不均衡进化导致禺毛茛的核型不对称系数反而明显小于二倍体的卷喙毛茛、长花毛茛或茴茴蒜，这种现象按单一的Levitzky(1931)的理论难以得到一个满意的解释。
9通过核型分析，结合形态学、孢粉学上的资料，可知禺毛茛复合体在毛茛属内处于一个较高的进化位置。
The Ranunculaceous Genus Ranunculus includes 2000 species, 122 species are distributedin China. Of which Ranunculus cantoniensis complex is a taxon group which morphology aresimilar. And they have the characteristics of wide distribution, long evolution history,complicated habitation, big plasticity in morphology, high frequency of ploidy, vegetative orsexual reproduction and be in presence along with human's activity.In view of their longevolutionary history, diversity in growth habits, as well as polyploidy, abundant variation andgenetic diversity. Study on formation of Ranunculus cantoniensis complex by fluorescence insitu hybridization (FISH), TmL-F and karyotype was performed, the mechanism of itsformation was analysed; The morphological and karyotyping characters were studied at thepopulation level in R.cantoniensis complex and its allied species from 8 provinces or city inChina. The main research fruits go as follows:
ⅠR.cantoniensis complex and its allied species are often distributed in the areacharacterized by man's activity. Especially in the newly reclaimed badlands, they usuallybecome the first occupant. Their ecological environment types are in diversity and can beclassified into 4 types which are hill grassland type(grass land and roadside), plain meadowtype(streamside, patty field), seashore bottomland type (rivershore, reservoirside) andinterstitial-meadow of farmland and woodland type(forest margin, ridge of field). In thepolyploidy species, both of the case which low ploidy species is mixed with that of highploidy, such as R.repense ,and the case which low ploidy species is distributed in the relativelyhumid environment, while high ploidy one is present in the arid area, such as R.sieboldii,exist.
ⅡThe results based on the datum of moleculacy disclosed that another parent is mostpossibly R.silerifolius var.dolicathus but not R.chinensis,except for R.silerifoliusvar.silerifolius,in the interspecific hybrid origin of R.cantoniensis. It also implied thatR.silerifolius var.dolicathus is female parent, while R.silerifolius var.silerifolius is male parentof R. cantoniensis.
ⅢThe R. cantoniensis complex is made up of R. cantoniensis, R.silerifolius var.silerifolius,R.silerifolius var.dolicathus, R.chinensis and R.sieboldii. and it is probable that the members inthe complex became related through the genome called "short m-type". It is a complex of beingunder mature phase.
ⅣThe results from the cluster analysis by 22 morphological or 7 karyotypic charactersshowed the interspecific relationship among the species in R. cantoniensis complex and its alliedspecies are almostly identical to that of the classically morphological analysis. They can reflect the relationships among the species in R.cantoniensis complex and its allied species in greatdegree, it means that the choice of these characters are reasonable and effective.
ⅤIn the population of R.cantoniensis complex and its applied species: biggishdifferences exist in 22 external morphological traits such as length and width of basal leaf,length and width of petal and so on due to affection by genetic differentiation. Of which thebiggest variation range represent in different characters according to different species, thefewest variation range emerge in the ratio of length to width of petal and sepal,as well as thedegree of flat of achene.
ⅥAmong the populations of R.cantoniensis complex and its applied species:Differentgeographical population have different morphological characters resulted from affection bydifferent geography environment; Meanwhile, the stable characters i.e. ratio of length to widthof petal, ratio of length to width of sepal and degree of flat of achene are increasing with theincrease of latitude in some species, while they are increasing with the increase of longitude inother species; it showed that the degree of morphological variation due to affection by differentgeography environment is different and the complex posses high adaptation to environment. Inaddition, whether the difference among populations is considerable or not is not internallyconnect with the variance index in a species.
ⅦThe results from the main components analysis on datum of morphologicalcharacters in R.cantoniensis complex indicated that different species in the complex hasdifferent main elements which result of the morphological variation, but the main elementsshare the common characteristics:they all belong to vegetative apparatus or absolute value ofreproductive apparatus such as the width of the first and second turn split of basal leaf, thewidth of stem leaf in R.silerifolius var.silerifolius; length or width of petal and length or widthof sepal in R.silerifolius var.dolicathus; tall, length of leafstalk of basal leaf and the width ofsecond turn split of basal leaf in R. chinensis and length or width of petal in R.sieboldii.
ⅧThe analysis based on karyotype showed that the index of karyotype asymmetryincreased、and the total genome length decreased along with the increase of latitude inR.cantoniensis and R.silerifolius var. silerifolius; while they do so along with the increase oflongitude in R.chinensis.The results are almost consistent with those concluded frommorphology data set.Combining them, we can speculate the possible evolution route ofR.cantoniensis complex and its allied species in China is from YunGui altiplano and HengduanMountains to Eastward and Northward area according to the increase of longitude andlatitude, respectively.
ⅨThe R. cantoniensis complex is an advanced taxon in the Genus Ranunculus.
引文
1 Advise J C. 1994. Molecular Markers , Natural History and Evolution[M]. New York : Chapman & Hall Press.
2 Advise J C. 2000. Phylogeography : The History and Formation of Species[M]. MA , Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
3 BabcockE.B.,1947 :The Genus Crepis,I and II [M].Univ.of Calif.Publ.Bot.,Vols.21 and 22
4 Clausen J.D.,Keck D.D.,Hiesey W.M.,1940:Experimental studies on the nature of species.I.Effect of varied environments on western American plants[M].Carnegie Inst.Wsahington Publ.520 :1-452.
5 Schall,B A.et al. 1991.Comparison of methods for assessing genetic variation in Plant Conservation biology. In Falk D.A. and K.E Holsinger(eds.)Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants, [M ]New York:Oxford Univ. press,123-134.
6 Scott P.J.1974. In IOPB chromosome numbers reports[M]. x III Taxon 23:193-196
7 Stebbins GL. 1971. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[M]. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, 15-60.
8 Tutin ,T.G.,1964:Ranunculus. In T.GTutin et al.(eds.):Flora Europaea[M] . Cambridge Univ.Press.1:223-23 8.
9 Amadci 1983 Numeri cromosomia [J] inform.Bot.Italia 15:243-247.
10 An Z S , Kutzbach J E, Prell WL, Port S C. 2001. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan plateau since late Miocene times[J]. Nature 411 : 62 - 66.
11 Arano H.. 1963.CytoIogical studies in subfamily carduoideae(Compositae) of Japan , IX. The karyotype analysis and phylogentic considerations on Pertya and Ainsliea (2 )[J]. Bot Mag Tokyo , 16 : 32-39.
12 Ayala F.J. Valentin JW.Evolving;The Theory and Progress of Organic Evolution[J].Menlopark Benjamina Cummings,1984:126-135
13 Bain J F, Golden J L. 2000. A phylogeny of Packera (Senecioneae; Asteraceae) based on internal transcribed spacer region sequence data and a broad sampling of outgroups [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 331 -338.
14 Baker A J M.1981 Accumulators and excluers: Stradegies in responsof plants to heavy metals.J[J].Plant Nutr.3:643-654.
15 Baldwin BG, Sanderson MJ, Potrer JM, et al, 1995. The ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA: a valuable source of evidence on an Gio-sperm phylogeny [J]. Ann Missouri Bot Gard, 82 : 247 —277
16 Baltiskerger 1995 Cytological data of Albanian plant[J]. candollea 50(2):457-493
17 Bayer R J, Puttock C F, Kelchner S A. 2000. Phylogeny of South African Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) based on two noncoding chloroplast sequences[J]. American Journal of Botany 87: 259 - 272.
18 Bir & Thakur 1984 Socgi plant chromosome numbers reports- II [J]. cytol.Genet 19:114-115
19 Bir & Sidhu 1979. Cytological observations in weed flora of orchards of paticia district, Punjab[J],Recent Res pl SCI 7:261-271
20 Bir 1987 Chromosomal studies in certain members of Ranunculaceae and Memsipermaceae[J]. Proc.india SCI Congr 74(3 VI): 184-185
21 Bot,J.and Van der Spoel-Walvius,M.R.,1968.Description of Ranunculus repens L.and Ranunculus arvensis L.poller[J]Acta Bot.Neerl, 17:173-182
22 Brooks R R.,shaws.,Marfil A A. 1981 chemical form and physiological function of nickel in some Iberian Alyssum species physiol[J],planta ,51:161-170.
23 Cheshmcdziev.1994.Mediterranean chromosome numbers reports[J].Fl.Medit 4:269-276
24 Chigusa Takahashi .2003. Physical mapping of rDNA sequences in four karyotypes of Ranunculus silerifolius (Ranunculaceae) The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer-Verlag Tokyo [J]. Plant Res. 116:331-336.
25Clarkm,Karpa,Archers.PhysicalmappingofB-hrdeinlocionbarleychromosome5byinsituhybridization[J].Gen ome,1989,32:925-929.
26 Comes H P, Kadereit J W. The efect of Quaternary climatic changes on plant distribution and evolution [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 1998, 3: 432-438.
27 Concha Linares, Juan Gonzalez, Esther Ferrer,et al.The use of double fluorescence in situ hybridization to physically map the positions of 5S rDNA genes in relation to the chromosomal location of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA and a C genome specific DNA sequence in the genus Avena [J]. Genome ,1996,39:535-542
28 De Jong H J.Fransz P,Zabel P. High resolution FISH in plant-techniques and applications, Trends plant [J].SCI.1999,4:258-263
29 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2001 Morphological variation in populations of R.repens L.from the Temporary Limestone Lakes in the West of Ireland[J] Annals of Botany 87:9-17.
30 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2003 Survival of R.repens L.in an Amphibious Habitat[J]. Annals of Botany 91:75-84.
31 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2002 Physiological variation in populations of R.repens L.from the Temporary Limestone Lakes in the West of Ireland []]Annals of Botany 89:707-714.
32 Dinesh A. Nagegowda, Sathishkumar Ramalingam and Andrea Hemmerlin Brassica juncea HMG-CoA synthase: localization of mRNA and protein [J]Planta Genome, 2005, 40: 406-410
33 Diosdado & Pastor 1995 Contribution al conocimiento cariologico del genero R.en la Peninsula Iberian Bot[J]. soc.Brot.Ser 2,46:29-40
34 Dempsey 1994 Contribution to a cytological catalogue of the British and Irish flora[J]. Watsonia 4,20:63-66
35 D'ovidio,R.,P.Marchi & L.Visona. 1986 Numeri cromosomici[J] per La flora Italiana: 1053-1063.
36 Diosdado & Pastor 1992. Citotaxonomia de la especies vivaces del genero Ranunculus Sect.chrysanthe L.vensen en la Peniasula Iberica[J].Candollea 47(2):555-576
37 Ekong R,Wolfer J. 1998Advances in fluorescent in situ hybridization [J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9:19-24
38 Elvira Horand,Ovidiu Paun,Jan T.Johansson 2005 Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l.inferred from ITS sequence analysis [J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36:305-327
39 Fujishima H. 1986. A new chromosome Number of Ranunculus muricatus L. [J]. L . Kromosomo, 11-43-44:1 367- 1 371.
40 Fujishima H. 1990. Karyotypical studies on Ranunculus sardous Crantz ,a new alien herb to Japan[J]. La Kromosomo , 11-59-60 : 2 013 - 2 017.
41 Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap [J].Evolution 39: 783—791.
42 Fujishima H (1983) Karyological and biogeographical studies of Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. from Tottori Prefecture[J]. J Fac Educ Tottori Univ Nat Sci 32:31-37
43 Fujishima H (1985a) Cytological studies on two varieties of Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. in Japan[J]. Jpn J Genet 60:215-224
44 Fujishima H (1985b) Geographical distribution of cytotypes in Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. in Japan[J]. J Fac Educ Tottori Univ Nat Sci 34:23-40
45 Fujishima 1980.Cytogenetical study of R.sieboldii Miq[J]. Kromosomo II 20:565-573
46 Fujishima H, Kurita M (1974) Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae, XXVI. Variation in karyotype of Ranunculus ternatus var. Glaber[J]. Mem Ehime Univ Sci Ser B 7:4-10
47 Fujishima 1995 Karyological studies of the R.cantoniensis grouped species from Korea[J].Kromosomo. II 78:2701-2708
48 Fujishima 1985 Cytological studies on two varieties of R.silerifolius Lev in Japan[J] Japan. J. Genet.60:215-224
49 Fujishima 1984 Karyotype variations of R.cnatoniensis DC from Japan [3].La Kromosomo II35-36-.1101-1110
50 Fujishima 1984 Cytogenetical studies of F1 hybrids between R.cantoniensis DC and R.silerifolius Lev Japan. [J].Genet 59:205-214
51 Gaumodzc & Churadze 1984 .chromosome numbers in some species of the section chrysanthe of the Genus Ranunculus Georgia[J].Bot.Zurn SSSR,69(11): 1570-1571
52 G.C.S.Clarke,W.Punt and P.P.Hoen 1991 The Northern European Pollen Flora,51 Ranunculaceae[J] .Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,69:117-271
53 Gall J G, Pardue M L.Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1969,64:600
54 Grant 1950: Genetic and taxonomic studies in Gilia.I.Gilia capitata[J].Aliso,2:239-316.
55 Gromadzka 1980. Karyological investigation on the genus Ranunculus report from natural rabitats in Northern Poland[J] .Zesz Nauk.Univ.Gdcuske luydz Bid.Nauk.Zicmi Biol 2:55-60
56 Hewitt G M. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation [J]_Biol J Linn Soc, 1996, 58: 247—276.
57 Hewitt GM. Post-glacial recolonization of European biota[J]. Biol J Linn Soc, 1999, 68: 87—112.
58 Hodkinson T. R,, Chase M. W., Takahashi C., Leitch I.J., Bennett M. D. and Renvoize S. A. (2002) The use of dna sequencing (ITS and trnL-F), AFLP, and fluorescent in situ hybridization to study allopolyploid[J]. Miscanthus (Poaceae) 89(2): 279-286.
59 Hanson R E,Zwick M S,Choi S D,et al.FISH of a bacterial artificial chromosome[J]. Genome,1995,38:646-651
60 Hong YP , Chen ZD , Lu AM , 2001. Phylogeny of the tribe Menispermeae (Menispermaceae) reconstructed by ITS sequence data [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica , 39 (2): 97 —104
61 Hewitt G M. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation [J]_Biol J Linn Soc, 1996, 58: 247—276.
62Hewitt G M. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota[J]. Biol J Linn Soc, 1999, 68: 87—112.
63 Institute of Genetics,the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The transference and identification techniques of Oryza eichingeri gene. http: // www. fjkjkf .com/showr.asp?id= 1896.2005 .8 (in Chinese)
64 Jones, K., 1978.Aspects of chromosome evolution in higher plants[J] Adv.Bot.Res.6: 159-194.
65 Jelodar N B,Blackhall N W,Hartman T P V, et al.Intergeneric somatic hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.(+) Porteresia coarctata). [J]. Theor Appl Genet,1999,99:570-577
66 Jan Postberg, Olga, Alexandrova . Synthesis of pre-rRNA and mRNA is directed to a chromatin-poor compartment in the macronucleus of the spirotrichous ciliate Stylonychia lemnae [J]. Chromosoma,Chromosome Research 2006 , 14: 2-7
67 Kartashova 1974. Chisla chromosom urjada polesnykh rastenij is priodnykh poputjacij flory proolja[J]. Biol.Bio.fis. Temsk 47-53
68 Krasmikov & Schaulo 1986 Chromosome numbers of some representatives of the families Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae from the south of Ciberia[J] .Bot. Zurn 71:116-117
69 Konig K,Riemann I,Fischer P,et al.Multiplex FISH and three-dimensional DNA imaging with near infrared femtosecond laser pulses.Histochem[J]. Cell Biol,2000,114:337-345
70 Koch J,Mogensen J,Pedersen S, et al. Fast one step procedure for the detection of nucleic acids in situ by primer induced sequence specific labeling with fluoresecin-12-Dutp. Cytogenet Cell[J]. Genet, 1992,60:1
71 Kurita M. 1955.Cytological studies in Ranunculaceae I. The karyotype analysis in the genus Ranunculus [J ]. Bot MagTokyo , 68 (801): 94 - 97.
72 Kurita M. 1958. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae VII-I. Karyotype and phylogeny[J]. Rep Biol Inst Ehime Univ ,5:1-14.
73 Kurita M. 1961a. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae XIX. Chromosome size in Ranunculus species in the eightchromosome series[J]. Mem Ehime Univ sect 2 ser B, 4(2): 263 - 268.
74 Kurita .1961b.Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae x VI ,Karyotype study of several species[J] Ehine Univ,Sect, II(set)ser B(Biol.),4(2):67-77
75 Kurita M. 1966. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae XXIV[J ]. Mem Ehime Univ sect 2 ser B , 4 (3): 31-36.
76 Karina. Cassia de Faria Genetic Relationships Between Brazilian Species of Molossidae and Phyllostomidae[J]. Geneta, 2006 , 126:1-2
77 Levitzky G.A., 1931.The karyotype in systematics[J]. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. Plant, Breed., 27: 220-240
78 Lj J J, Zhou S z, PanB T. The problems of Quatemary glaciation in the eastern part in the Qinghai. Xizang Plateau[J]_Quater Sci, 1991, 11 (31): 193—203.
79 Langer P R,Waldrop A A, Ward D C. Enzymatic synthesis of biotinlabeled polynucleotides:novel nucleic acid affinity probes.Proc[J]. Natl Acad Sci USA, 1981,78(11):6633-6637
80 Lockhart,R,McLechnanan,P. A.,Havell,D.,et al., 2001. Phylogeny, dispersal and radiation of New Zealand alpine buttercups:molecular evidence under split decomposition. Ann.Missouri[J]. Bot.Gard. 88,458-477.
81 Lentini 1988 Numeri Cromosomici[J] per La flora Italiana:1185-1186
82 Lavrenko & Serditov 1986.Chromosome numbers in some members of the Ranunculaceae from komi ASSR[J].Bot. Zurn 71:1143-1144
83 Lavrenko & Serditov 1986.Chromosome numbers in some representatives of Ranunclulaceae,Paeoniaceae,Boraginaceae families from the north of the Europeon part of the USSR and the Urals[J].Bot.Zurn 71:1694-1695
84 Lavrenko & serditov 1984.chromosome numbers in the families Paeoniaceae and Ranunculaceae from the north-east of the Europeon part of the USSR[J].Bot.Zurn, SSSR 62(12):1704-1705
85 Lj J J(李吉均), Zhou S z(周尚哲), PanB T(潘保田). The problems of Quaternary glhciation in the eastern part in the Qinghai. Xizang plateau[J]_Quater Sci(第四纪研究), 1991, 11f31: 193—203. (in Chinese)
86 Members of China Quatemary Pollen Data Bases(中国第四纪孢粉数据库 1. Pollen. based biome reconstruction at middleHolocene f6 Ka BP)and last Glacial Maximum (18 Ka BP)in China[J]_Acta Bot Sin(植物学报), 2000, 42(11): 1201—1209. (in Chinese)
87 Malakha 1990 Karioloyo cheskjaraliz prirodnylch populjacij redkichiische 205
88 Mehra RN.& P. Ramanandan 1972.Cytology of some west Himalayan Ranunculaceae[J].Cytologia 37:281-296
89 Malakha 1990 Karioloyoches cheskij araliz priodnylch populiacij redkich ischejushchikh rasten ij najuge tomskoj oblasi Biull.Glavn[J].Bot.Sada 155-60-66
90 Matthias Diemer and Bernhard Schmid 2001Effects of biodiversity loss and disturbance on the survival and performance of two Ranunculus species with differing clonal architectures[J ]. ecography, 24: 59-67.
91 Mukai Y,Gill BS. Detection of barley chromatin added to wheat by genomic in situ hybridization[J].Genome, 1991,34:448-452.
92 Members ofChina Quatemary Pollen Data Bases(中国第四纪孢粉数据库 1. Pollen. based biome reconstruction at middleHolocene f6 Ka BP)and last Glacial Maximum (18 Ka BP)in China[J]_Acta Bot Sin(植物学报), 2000, 42(11): 1201—1209. (in Chinese)
93 Okada H: 1984. Polyphyletic allopolyploid origin of Ranunculus cantoniensis (4x) from R. silerifolius (2x) X R. chinensis (2x) [J].PI Syst Evol, 148:89—102
94 Okada H. 1989. Cytogenetical changes of offsprings from the induced tetraploid hybrid between Ranuncu-lus silerifolius (2n=16) and R. chinensis (2n=16) (Ranunculaceae) [J].PI Syst Evol. 167:129-136
95 Okada 1984 Polyphyletic allopolploid orgin of R.cantoniensis(4x) from R.silerifolius(2x)~*R.chinensis(2x) [J].PI, Syst.Evol. 148:89-102
96 Okada H (1981) On sexual isolation caused by karyotype variations in Ranunculus silerifolius Lev (in Japanese) [J]. J Jpn Bot 56:41-49
97 Okada. 1979. Karyomorphology and Relationship on Ranunculaceae.Jour[J]. Jap.Bot. 54(3):65-77.
98 Petrov, S.and Borrisova-Ivanova, O.,1980.Palynomorphological charac- teristics of the Bulgarian representatives of the family Ranunculaceae Juss.V.Anemone L.,Hepatica Mill.,Ranunculus L.Fitologia[J],Sofia, 15:22-61
99 Probatova & Sokolovskaya 1984 Chromosome numbers in the families Asteraceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae,Orichidaceae, Ranunculaceae,Vitaceae from the Soviet Far East[J]. Bot.Zurn.SSSR 69(11):1566-1568
100 Pervova Y.A.,I.V. Vainagy & L.M.Gershunina 1971. On the polyploidy of R.repens L.Ukarainsk [J]. Bot.zurn.28:37-41
101 Queiros 1995 Numeros cromossomilos[J] para a flora Portuguesa 128-138 Bot.Soc.Brot.ser 2,66:317-321
102 RAAP A.K. Advances in fluorescence in situ hybridization [J]. Murat Res, 1998,400:287-298
103 Raven RH., 1974:Plant systematics 1947-1972.
104 Rudyka 1995 chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Russian Far east[J]. Bot Zurn 80(2):87-90
105 Roy S.C.,& A.K.Sharma 1971.Cytotaxonomic studies on India Ranunculaceae[J]. Nucleus 14:132-143
106 Rudyka E.G.1984. Chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Soviet Far East[J].Bot.Zurn.SSSR. 69(12):1699-1700
107 Sharma A.K. 1970. Annual report[J]. 1967-1968 Res Bull. Univ.calcutta 2:1-50
108 Stebbins G.L. 1950.Variation and Evolution in plants[M]. NewYork:Columbia Univ.Press.:69
109 Shi QL, Zhuge Q, Huang MR et al, 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Popuous sections by ITS sequence analysis [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,43 (3): 323—325
110 Sang, T., D. J. Crawford, and T. F. Stuessy. 1995 Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using sequences of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA: implications for biogeography and concerted evolution[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 6813-6817
111 Sokolova I A, Halling K C,Jenkins R B,et al.The development of a multitarget,multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the detection of carcinoma in urine[J]. Mol Diagn,2000, 2(3):116-123
112 Swoford D L. 2002. PAUP 4. 0: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony(and other methods). Betaversion 4. 0b10. Sunderland: Sinauer Assoc iates.
113 Stebbins 1945:The cytological analysis of species hybrid, Ⅱ [J].Bot.Rev.,11:463-486
114 Sen S..1973. Polysomaty and its significance in Liliales[J].Cytologia, 38: 737-751.
115 Takahashi C,Leitch I J,Ryan A,et al. The use of genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)to show transmission of recombination chromosomes by a partially fertile bigeneric hybrid G.lutzii~*A.aristata (Aloaceae),to its progeny [J]. Chromosoma, 1997,105:342-348
116 Thompson J D, Higgins D G Gibson T J. 1994. CLUST W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice[J]. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-4680.
117 Tanke H J,Wiegant J,van Gijswijk R P,et al.New strategy for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization:COBRA:Combined binary ratio labeling Eur [J] Hum Genet, 1999,7(1):211
118 Tian xin,Guo zhen-hua, Li De-zhu.2002.Phylogeny of Aceraceae based on ITS and trnL-F data sets, Acta Botanica Sinica,44(6):714-724.
119 Turesson G., 1922:The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat[J].Hereditas,3:211-350
120 Tamura.M.,1967:Morphology,Ecology and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae ⅶ[J],Sci.Rep.Osaka Univ. 16(2):21-43
121 Tamura M.,1963:Morphology,Ecology and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae ⅱ[J],Sci.Rep.Osaka Univ.12(2):141-156
122 Torrel M., Cerbah M.and Siljak-Yakovlev 2003 Molicular cytogenetics of the genus Artemisia: fluorochrome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization[J].Plant Syst.Evol.239:141-153
123 Tamura M. 1978. Ranunculus cantoniensis group in Japan [J]. Geobot. 26:34-40
124 Wang Feng,Li De-zhu,Yang jun-bo.2002.Molecular phylogeny of the lardizabalaceae based on TrnL-F sequences and combined chloroplast data[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,44(8):971-977.
125 WangJB, Zhang WJ,Chen JK,1999. Application of ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of angiosperms [J]. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,37 (4): 407—416
126 Wang XQ, Deng ZR, Hong DY,1998. The systematic position of Beesia: Evidence from ITS(nrDNA) sequence analysis [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,36 (5): 403—410
127 Wang W T(王文采). On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region[J]_Acta Phytotax Sin(植物分类学报), 1991, 30(1): 1—24. (in Chinese)
128 Wang W Y(王文采). On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region(cont.)[J]Acta Phytotax Sin(植物分类学报), 1992, 30(2): 97—117. (in Chinese)
129 Zhao Xin-Ping,Si-Yang,Hanson R E,et al. Dispersed repetitive DNA has spread to new genome since polyploidy formation in cotton [J]. Genome Research,1998,8 (5) 479-492
130 Zhou S-J, De Jeu M J, Visser R G F and Kuipers A G J. Characterisation of distant Alstroemeria hybrids: application of highly repetitive DNA sequences from A. ligtu ssp. ligtu. [J].Annals of Applied Biology, 2003, 142: 277-283.
131 陈家宽，杨继1994：植物进化生物学[M]。武汉大学出版社
132 葛颂 1994遗传多样性及其检查方法[M]北京：中国科技出版社123-140
133 彭奕欣，黄诗笺1997进化生物学[M]武汉：武汉大学出版社
134 王荷生 1992植物区系地理[M] 北京：科学出版社
135 吴国凯 秦德智 1992 生态遗传学 农林读物出版社
136 徐炳声，黄少甫．1985．中国文献报道的植物染色体数目索引[M]考察与研究(总第五辑)，上海：上海科学技术出版社，1-116．
137 张美珍，赖明洲等 1993：华东五省一市植物名录[M]．上海科学普及出版社
138 陈芳 殷勤伟 2005 调控基因表达的miRNA[J] 科学通报50(13)：1289-1299
139 丁小余，徐珞珊，王峥涛等 2001铁皮石斛居群差异的研究 中草药[J]32(9)：828-831
140 葛荣朝 张敬原 黄占景等 一个耐盐小麦-多枝赖草二体异附加系外源染色体的鉴定[J]中国农业科学，2006，39(1)：193-198
141 高智 韩方普 何孟元 应用荧光原位杂交和染色体配对研究八倍体小冰麦中2的染色体组构成和染色体特征 植物学报[J] 1999，41(1)：25-28
142 郭先锋；王莲英；袁涛2005 4种野生芍药的花粉形态研究[J] 林业科学 2005第五期
143 韩荣兰，郝刚，张奠湘．2004．基于叶绿体DNA TmL内含子序列数据的檀香木科间系统发育关系的研究．热带亚热带植物学报．12(5)：393-398．
144 韩方普 何孟元等 应用FISH技术鉴定一个小冰麦易位系 植物学报[J]1998a，40(6)：500-502
145 韩方普 何孟元等 应用FISH技术研究小冰麦异附加系TAI-14中的冰草染色体变异 植物学报[J]1998b，40(1)：33-36
146 洪德元 1990植物细胞分类学[M]．北京：科学出版社
147 何丽霞；李睿；李嘉珏；张延东 2005中国野生牡丹花粉形态的研究[J] 兰州大学学报第四期
148 贾丽；曲式曾 2001豆科锦鸡儿属植物研究进展[J] 植物研究 第四期
149 金飚；何小弟；吴建华；丁玲 2005芍药花粉的形态特征及其与品种演化的关系[J] 江苏农业学报第一期
150 李巧明 许再富 2001龙脑香科植物望天树的居群遗传结构及分化 云南植物研究[J] 23(3)：313-32
151 廖亮，徐玲玲，陈晔，方亮 1995，禺毛茛多倍体复合体及近缘种核型研究[J]，《植物分类学报》 3：230-239
152 廖亮，徐玲玲 1997中国毛茛属新分类群及其核型[J]．植物分类学报35(1)：57-62
153 廖亮，徐玲玲，杨涤清．1991．江西5种毛茛属植物核型[J]．植物分类学报，29(2)：178-183．
154 廖亮，徐玲玲，陈晔．1995．禺毛莨多倍体复合体及其近缘种核型研究[J]．植物分类学报，33(3)：230-239
155 廖亮，徐玲玲，方亮．1996a．三种毛茛属植物的核型研究．云南植物研究[J]，18(3)：331-335．
156 廖亮，徐玲玲．1996b．国产毛茛组植物孢粉形态学研究西北植物学报[J]．16(3)：255-261
157 廖亮，徐玲玲1987．江西2种毛莨属植物的核型研究．九江师专学)，2：67-71
158 李立家 宋运淳 染色体定位两个与玉米大斑病抗性基因Ht1连锁的RFLP标记[J]植物学报1998a，40(12)：1093-1098
159 李立家 两个与玉米大斑病抗性基因Htn1连锁的RFLP标记的原位杂交定位[J] 植物病理学报 1998b，28(2)：737-743
160 李懋学，陈瑞阳．1985．关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J]．武汉植物学研究，3(4)：297-302．
161 刘亮 中国植物志 二十八卷[M]．1980北京：科学出版社
162 刘剑锋；柳福柱；程云清；程军2006 5种秋子梨品种的花粉形态观察[J]．西北农林科技大学学报第5期
163 刘占林 赵桂仿 1999居群遗传学原理及其在珍稀濒危植物保护中的应用[J]．生物多样性7(4)：340-346．
164 陆露；王红；韦仲新2005山柳科和堇菜科八个种的花粉形态——兼谈第伦桃亚纲六个科及省沽油科的系统关系[J]云南植物研究 第三期
165 雷海清 2001樱属花粉形态研究[J]亚热带植物科学 第四期
166 李爱花；沈云光；管开云；王仲朗2005犁头尖属及其近缘属植物天南星科的花粉形态[J]西北植物学报 第十二期
167 林长松，左经会，田应洲．2005．6种毛莨属植物的等位酶变异和亲缘关系分析[J]．西北植物学报25(7)：1399—1404
168 罗红霞．2004．四川6种毛莨的核型研究 西南交通大学学报[J]39(3)：411-414．
169 马永，李楠，苏俊霞，林鉴钊 2005中国苏铁属植物的分类学研究现状与展望 山西师范大学学报[J]19(2)：73-77
170 毛钧，张明宇，虞泓 2003泸定百合普洱居群遗传与变异研究 云南大学学报[J]25(增刊)：91-96
171 宁顺斌 宋运淳 王玲等 玉米中抗病基因myb1和NDR1同源序列的荧光原位杂交物理定位[J]植物学报2000，42(6)：605-610
172 覃瑞，魏文辉．BAC-FISH在植物基因组研究上的应用[J]．生物化学与生物物理进展，2000，27(1)：20-23
173 沙伟 王丽华 杨晓杰 东北20种植物的核型研究[J] 武汉植物学研究13(2)：180-182
174 沈振国 刘友良 1998重金属超积累植物研究进展[J]植物生理学通讯 34(2)：133-13．
175 宋志平 汪小凡 潘明清 2000花蔺和黄花蔺居群遗传结构比较研究 武汉植物学研究[J]18(2)：91-98
176 汤彦承 1975谈谈植物分类学的工作方法。植物分类学报，13(1)：137-139
177 佟乌云；韦东欣；莫日根2000毛茛(Ranunculus japonicus)花粉形态种内多态性及其进化[J]内蒙古大学学报 第四期
178 陶春丽，郭文武．染色体原位杂交技术对高等植物杂种的遗传鉴定[J]．华中农业大学学报，2002 21(2)：184-194
179 王伟；赵南先；胡晓颖 2002天南星属植物的花粉形态[J]云南植物研究 第四期
180 王昌留，张士璀，王勇军．荧光原位杂交技术发展及其在染色体基因定位上的应用．水生科学，27(9)2003，9：21-23
181 王丽，，李云飞．运用FISH对Paris属4个种构建18-26S物理图谱[J]．植物分类学报2004 42(5)：419-426
182 王志国 安调过 李俊明等 小偃6号背景下黑麦遗传物质的荧光原位杂交分析[J] 植物学报2004，46(4)：436-442
183 王文采．东亚地区植物的分布格局和迁移路线[J]．植物分类学报，1991，30(1)：1-24．
184 王文采．东亚地区植物的分布格局和迁移路线(续)[J]植物分类学报，1992，30(2)：97-117．
185 武军，王辉，刘伟华，小麦新种质4844中外源P染色质的GISH和SSR分析[J]．西北植物学报．2006，26(6)：1093-1097
186 魏文辉 赵万鹏 王力军等 甘蓝型油菜基于C0t-1 DNA荧光原位杂交带的核型分析[J]植物学报 2005，47(12)：1479-1484
187 徐玲玲 1997，禺毛莨多倍体复合体及其近缘种过氧化物酶同工酶研究[J]．《武汉植物研究》15(1)：46-51
188 徐根娣，刘鹏，钱丽 2002 毛茛属两种植物的过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶的研究[J]．浙江师范大学学报 25(1)：62-65
189 徐玲玲，方亮，张良慧．2003．国产毛茛属3种植物的核型研究[J]．广西植物，23(3)：233-236
190 徐玲玲 廖亮 1996，国产毛莨组孢粉形态学研究[J]西北植物学报 16(3)：255-261
191 杨亲二，罗毅波，洪德元．1994．湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究[J]．广西植物，14(1)：27-36
192 杨亲二．2001．国产毛莨属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究[J]．植物分类学报，39 (5)：405-422．
193 杨亲二．2001．国产毛莨属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究[J]．植物分类学报，39 (5)：405-422．
194 杨德奎 周俊英 1999 山东10种植物的核型研究[J]广西植物 19(4)：349-354
195 扬昆 漆红艳 朱利泉等S基因在甘蓝EDFs上的高分辨率荧光原位杂交定位[J]遗传学报，2006 33 (3)：277-284
196 杨亲二．2000．云南西北部毛莨属一新种——文采毛莨及其核型[J]．植物分类学报，38：(6)：551-556．
197 英加 李滨 穆素梅等 蓝粒小麦易位系的荧光原位杂交鉴定[J]植物学报 2001 43(2)：164-168
198 颜伟玉；李琳 2001．14种蜜源植物花粉形态与纯度的研究[J]养蜂科技 2001 第四期
199 虞泓，王红霞，游丹 2000 泸定百合居群染色体形态研究[J]云南大学学报 22(1)：60-67
200 章镇 2002 花粉形态特征与梅品种分类研究[J]安徽农业大学学报 第二期
201 张茜 杨瑞 王钦等 2005 基于叶绿体DNA trnT-trnF序列研究祁连圆柏的谱系地理学 植物分类学报 43(6)：503-512
202 张红军 王洪刚 染色体原位杂交技术及其在麦类作物遗传研究中的应用[J]山东农业大学学报[J]，2000，31(1)：105-109
203 张竞男，周巍，汪小凡，2001 小毛茛居群分化研究(Ⅰ)——居群内和居群间的形态变异广西植物[J]21(2)：146-149
204 曾小英；赵庆芳；汪会荣 2004 百合品种的花粉形态研究[J]西北师范大学学报 第二期
205 赵惠恩，汪小全，陈俊愉等 2003 基于核糖体DNA的ITS序列和叶绿体TrnT-L及TrnL-F基因间隔区的菊花起源与中国菊属植物分子系统学研究．分子植物育种 1(6)：597-604
206 中国科学院遗传研究所 紧穗野生稻优异基因的转移及鉴定技术 中国星火计划网 2005 8 http://www.fjkjkf.com/showr.asp?id=1896
207 朱旺升，徐品，华玉伟等．埃塞俄比亚芥与诸葛菜属之间的基因组原位杂交分析[J]．西北植物学报．2005，25(4)：662-667
208 周树军 荧光原位杂交检测野生六出花(Alstroemeria aurea)染色体的命运[J]园艺学报2002／19(3)：255-257
209 周树军．基因组荧光原位杂交区分百合回交一代的不同基因组．园艺学报[J]，2003，30(4)：485-486
210 周滢 胡世玺 胡世卿 梁光义．2004．毛莨中白头翁素的制备工艺研究[J]．中药材27(10)：762-764
2 Advise J C. 2000. Phylogeography : The History and Formation of Species[M]. MA , Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
3 BabcockE.B.,1947 :The Genus Crepis,I and II [M].Univ.of Calif.Publ.Bot.,Vols.21 and 22
4 Clausen J.D.,Keck D.D.,Hiesey W.M.,1940:Experimental studies on the nature of species.I.Effect of varied environments on western American plants[M].Carnegie Inst.Wsahington Publ.520 :1-452.
5 Schall,B A.et al. 1991.Comparison of methods for assessing genetic variation in Plant Conservation biology. In Falk D.A. and K.E Holsinger(eds.)Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants, [M ]New York:Oxford Univ. press,123-134.
6 Scott P.J.1974. In IOPB chromosome numbers reports[M]. x III Taxon 23:193-196
7 Stebbins GL. 1971. Chromosomal evolution in higher plants[M]. London : Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd, 15-60.
8 Tutin ,T.G.,1964:Ranunculus. In T.GTutin et al.(eds.):Flora Europaea[M] . Cambridge Univ.Press.1:223-23 8.
9 Amadci 1983 Numeri cromosomia [J] inform.Bot.Italia 15:243-247.
10 An Z S , Kutzbach J E, Prell WL, Port S C. 2001. Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan plateau since late Miocene times[J]. Nature 411 : 62 - 66.
11 Arano H.. 1963.CytoIogical studies in subfamily carduoideae(Compositae) of Japan , IX. The karyotype analysis and phylogentic considerations on Pertya and Ainsliea (2 )[J]. Bot Mag Tokyo , 16 : 32-39.
12 Ayala F.J. Valentin JW.Evolving;The Theory and Progress of Organic Evolution[J].Menlopark Benjamina Cummings,1984:126-135
13 Bain J F, Golden J L. 2000. A phylogeny of Packera (Senecioneae; Asteraceae) based on internal transcribed spacer region sequence data and a broad sampling of outgroups [J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16: 331 -338.
14 Baker A J M.1981 Accumulators and excluers: Stradegies in responsof plants to heavy metals.J[J].Plant Nutr.3:643-654.
15 Baldwin BG, Sanderson MJ, Potrer JM, et al, 1995. The ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA: a valuable source of evidence on an Gio-sperm phylogeny [J]. Ann Missouri Bot Gard, 82 : 247 —277
16 Baltiskerger 1995 Cytological data of Albanian plant[J]. candollea 50(2):457-493
17 Bayer R J, Puttock C F, Kelchner S A. 2000. Phylogeny of South African Gnaphalieae (Asteraceae) based on two noncoding chloroplast sequences[J]. American Journal of Botany 87: 259 - 272.
18 Bir & Thakur 1984 Socgi plant chromosome numbers reports- II [J]. cytol.Genet 19:114-115
19 Bir & Sidhu 1979. Cytological observations in weed flora of orchards of paticia district, Punjab[J],Recent Res pl SCI 7:261-271
20 Bir 1987 Chromosomal studies in certain members of Ranunculaceae and Memsipermaceae[J]. Proc.india SCI Congr 74(3 VI): 184-185
21 Bot,J.and Van der Spoel-Walvius,M.R.,1968.Description of Ranunculus repens L.and Ranunculus arvensis L.poller[J]Acta Bot.Neerl, 17:173-182
22 Brooks R R.,shaws.,Marfil A A. 1981 chemical form and physiological function of nickel in some Iberian Alyssum species physiol[J],planta ,51:161-170.
23 Cheshmcdziev.1994.Mediterranean chromosome numbers reports[J].Fl.Medit 4:269-276
24 Chigusa Takahashi .2003. Physical mapping of rDNA sequences in four karyotypes of Ranunculus silerifolius (Ranunculaceae) The Botanical Society of Japan and Springer-Verlag Tokyo [J]. Plant Res. 116:331-336.
25Clarkm,Karpa,Archers.PhysicalmappingofB-hrdeinlocionbarleychromosome5byinsituhybridization[J].Gen ome,1989,32:925-929.
26 Comes H P, Kadereit J W. The efect of Quaternary climatic changes on plant distribution and evolution [J]. Trends Plant Sci, 1998, 3: 432-438.
27 Concha Linares, Juan Gonzalez, Esther Ferrer,et al.The use of double fluorescence in situ hybridization to physically map the positions of 5S rDNA genes in relation to the chromosomal location of 18S-5.8S-26S rDNA and a C genome specific DNA sequence in the genus Avena [J]. Genome ,1996,39:535-542
28 De Jong H J.Fransz P,Zabel P. High resolution FISH in plant-techniques and applications, Trends plant [J].SCI.1999,4:258-263
29 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2001 Morphological variation in populations of R.repens L.from the Temporary Limestone Lakes in the West of Ireland[J] Annals of Botany 87:9-17.
30 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2003 Survival of R.repens L.in an Amphibious Habitat[J]. Annals of Botany 91:75-84.
31 D.E.lynn and S.Waldren 2002 Physiological variation in populations of R.repens L.from the Temporary Limestone Lakes in the West of Ireland []]Annals of Botany 89:707-714.
32 Dinesh A. Nagegowda, Sathishkumar Ramalingam and Andrea Hemmerlin Brassica juncea HMG-CoA synthase: localization of mRNA and protein [J]Planta Genome, 2005, 40: 406-410
33 Diosdado & Pastor 1995 Contribution al conocimiento cariologico del genero R.en la Peninsula Iberian Bot[J]. soc.Brot.Ser 2,46:29-40
34 Dempsey 1994 Contribution to a cytological catalogue of the British and Irish flora[J]. Watsonia 4,20:63-66
35 D'ovidio,R.,P.Marchi & L.Visona. 1986 Numeri cromosomici[J] per La flora Italiana: 1053-1063.
36 Diosdado & Pastor 1992. Citotaxonomia de la especies vivaces del genero Ranunculus Sect.chrysanthe L.vensen en la Peniasula Iberica[J].Candollea 47(2):555-576
37 Ekong R,Wolfer J. 1998Advances in fluorescent in situ hybridization [J]. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 9:19-24
38 Elvira Horand,Ovidiu Paun,Jan T.Johansson 2005 Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary traits in Ranunculus s.l.inferred from ITS sequence analysis [J].Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36:305-327
39 Fujishima H. 1986. A new chromosome Number of Ranunculus muricatus L. [J]. L . Kromosomo, 11-43-44:1 367- 1 371.
40 Fujishima H. 1990. Karyotypical studies on Ranunculus sardous Crantz ,a new alien herb to Japan[J]. La Kromosomo , 11-59-60 : 2 013 - 2 017.
41 Felsenstein J. 1985. Confidence limits on phytogenies: an approach using the bootstrap [J].Evolution 39: 783—791.
42 Fujishima H (1983) Karyological and biogeographical studies of Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. from Tottori Prefecture[J]. J Fac Educ Tottori Univ Nat Sci 32:31-37
43 Fujishima H (1985a) Cytological studies on two varieties of Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. in Japan[J]. Jpn J Genet 60:215-224
44 Fujishima H (1985b) Geographical distribution of cytotypes in Ranunculus silerifolius Lev. in Japan[J]. J Fac Educ Tottori Univ Nat Sci 34:23-40
45 Fujishima 1980.Cytogenetical study of R.sieboldii Miq[J]. Kromosomo II 20:565-573
46 Fujishima H, Kurita M (1974) Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae, XXVI. Variation in karyotype of Ranunculus ternatus var. Glaber[J]. Mem Ehime Univ Sci Ser B 7:4-10
47 Fujishima 1995 Karyological studies of the R.cantoniensis grouped species from Korea[J].Kromosomo. II 78:2701-2708
48 Fujishima 1985 Cytological studies on two varieties of R.silerifolius Lev in Japan[J] Japan. J. Genet.60:215-224
49 Fujishima 1984 Karyotype variations of R.cnatoniensis DC from Japan [3].La Kromosomo II35-36-.1101-1110
50 Fujishima 1984 Cytogenetical studies of F1 hybrids between R.cantoniensis DC and R.silerifolius Lev Japan. [J].Genet 59:205-214
51 Gaumodzc & Churadze 1984 .chromosome numbers in some species of the section chrysanthe of the Genus Ranunculus Georgia[J].Bot.Zurn SSSR,69(11): 1570-1571
52 G.C.S.Clarke,W.Punt and P.P.Hoen 1991 The Northern European Pollen Flora,51 Ranunculaceae[J] .Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,69:117-271
53 Gall J G, Pardue M L.Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations [J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1969,64:600
54 Grant 1950: Genetic and taxonomic studies in Gilia.I.Gilia capitata[J].Aliso,2:239-316.
55 Gromadzka 1980. Karyological investigation on the genus Ranunculus report from natural rabitats in Northern Poland[J] .Zesz Nauk.Univ.Gdcuske luydz Bid.Nauk.Zicmi Biol 2:55-60
56 Hewitt G M. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation [J]_Biol J Linn Soc, 1996, 58: 247—276.
57 Hewitt GM. Post-glacial recolonization of European biota[J]. Biol J Linn Soc, 1999, 68: 87—112.
58 Hodkinson T. R,, Chase M. W., Takahashi C., Leitch I.J., Bennett M. D. and Renvoize S. A. (2002) The use of dna sequencing (ITS and trnL-F), AFLP, and fluorescent in situ hybridization to study allopolyploid[J]. Miscanthus (Poaceae) 89(2): 279-286.
59 Hanson R E,Zwick M S,Choi S D,et al.FISH of a bacterial artificial chromosome[J]. Genome,1995,38:646-651
60 Hong YP , Chen ZD , Lu AM , 2001. Phylogeny of the tribe Menispermeae (Menispermaceae) reconstructed by ITS sequence data [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica , 39 (2): 97 —104
61 Hewitt G M. Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation [J]_Biol J Linn Soc, 1996, 58: 247—276.
62Hewitt G M. Post-glacial re-colonization of European biota[J]. Biol J Linn Soc, 1999, 68: 87—112.
63 Institute of Genetics,the Chinese Academy of Sciences, The transference and identification techniques of Oryza eichingeri gene. http: // www. fjkjkf .com/showr.asp?id= 1896.2005 .8 (in Chinese)
64 Jones, K., 1978.Aspects of chromosome evolution in higher plants[J] Adv.Bot.Res.6: 159-194.
65 Jelodar N B,Blackhall N W,Hartman T P V, et al.Intergeneric somatic hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.(+) Porteresia coarctata). [J]. Theor Appl Genet,1999,99:570-577
66 Jan Postberg, Olga, Alexandrova . Synthesis of pre-rRNA and mRNA is directed to a chromatin-poor compartment in the macronucleus of the spirotrichous ciliate Stylonychia lemnae [J]. Chromosoma,Chromosome Research 2006 , 14: 2-7
67 Kartashova 1974. Chisla chromosom urjada polesnykh rastenij is priodnykh poputjacij flory proolja[J]. Biol.Bio.fis. Temsk 47-53
68 Krasmikov & Schaulo 1986 Chromosome numbers of some representatives of the families Apiaceae and Ranunculaceae from the south of Ciberia[J] .Bot. Zurn 71:116-117
69 Konig K,Riemann I,Fischer P,et al.Multiplex FISH and three-dimensional DNA imaging with near infrared femtosecond laser pulses.Histochem[J]. Cell Biol,2000,114:337-345
70 Koch J,Mogensen J,Pedersen S, et al. Fast one step procedure for the detection of nucleic acids in situ by primer induced sequence specific labeling with fluoresecin-12-Dutp. Cytogenet Cell[J]. Genet, 1992,60:1
71 Kurita M. 1955.Cytological studies in Ranunculaceae I. The karyotype analysis in the genus Ranunculus [J ]. Bot MagTokyo , 68 (801): 94 - 97.
72 Kurita M. 1958. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae VII-I. Karyotype and phylogeny[J]. Rep Biol Inst Ehime Univ ,5:1-14.
73 Kurita M. 1961a. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae XIX. Chromosome size in Ranunculus species in the eightchromosome series[J]. Mem Ehime Univ sect 2 ser B, 4(2): 263 - 268.
74 Kurita .1961b.Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae x VI ,Karyotype study of several species[J] Ehine Univ,Sect, II(set)ser B(Biol.),4(2):67-77
75 Kurita M. 1966. Chromosome studies in Ranunculaceae XXIV[J ]. Mem Ehime Univ sect 2 ser B , 4 (3): 31-36.
76 Karina. Cassia de Faria Genetic Relationships Between Brazilian Species of Molossidae and Phyllostomidae[J]. Geneta, 2006 , 126:1-2
77 Levitzky G.A., 1931.The karyotype in systematics[J]. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. Plant, Breed., 27: 220-240
78 Lj J J, Zhou S z, PanB T. The problems of Quatemary glaciation in the eastern part in the Qinghai. Xizang Plateau[J]_Quater Sci, 1991, 11 (31): 193—203.
79 Langer P R,Waldrop A A, Ward D C. Enzymatic synthesis of biotinlabeled polynucleotides:novel nucleic acid affinity probes.Proc[J]. Natl Acad Sci USA, 1981,78(11):6633-6637
80 Lockhart,R,McLechnanan,P. A.,Havell,D.,et al., 2001. Phylogeny, dispersal and radiation of New Zealand alpine buttercups:molecular evidence under split decomposition. Ann.Missouri[J]. Bot.Gard. 88,458-477.
81 Lentini 1988 Numeri Cromosomici[J] per La flora Italiana:1185-1186
82 Lavrenko & Serditov 1986.Chromosome numbers in some members of the Ranunculaceae from komi ASSR[J].Bot. Zurn 71:1143-1144
83 Lavrenko & Serditov 1986.Chromosome numbers in some representatives of Ranunclulaceae,Paeoniaceae,Boraginaceae families from the north of the Europeon part of the USSR and the Urals[J].Bot.Zurn 71:1694-1695
84 Lavrenko & serditov 1984.chromosome numbers in the families Paeoniaceae and Ranunculaceae from the north-east of the Europeon part of the USSR[J].Bot.Zurn, SSSR 62(12):1704-1705
85 Lj J J(李吉均), Zhou S z(周尚哲), PanB T(潘保田). The problems of Quaternary glhciation in the eastern part in the Qinghai. Xizang plateau[J]_Quater Sci(第四纪研究), 1991, 11f31: 193—203. (in Chinese)
86 Members of China Quatemary Pollen Data Bases(中国第四纪孢粉数据库 1. Pollen. based biome reconstruction at middleHolocene f6 Ka BP)and last Glacial Maximum (18 Ka BP)in China[J]_Acta Bot Sin(植物学报), 2000, 42(11): 1201—1209. (in Chinese)
87 Malakha 1990 Karioloyo cheskjaraliz prirodnylch populjacij redkichiische 205
88 Mehra RN.& P. Ramanandan 1972.Cytology of some west Himalayan Ranunculaceae[J].Cytologia 37:281-296
89 Malakha 1990 Karioloyoches cheskij araliz priodnylch populiacij redkich ischejushchikh rasten ij najuge tomskoj oblasi Biull.Glavn[J].Bot.Sada 155-60-66
90 Matthias Diemer and Bernhard Schmid 2001Effects of biodiversity loss and disturbance on the survival and performance of two Ranunculus species with differing clonal architectures[J ]. ecography, 24: 59-67.
91 Mukai Y,Gill BS. Detection of barley chromatin added to wheat by genomic in situ hybridization[J].Genome, 1991,34:448-452.
92 Members ofChina Quatemary Pollen Data Bases(中国第四纪孢粉数据库 1. Pollen. based biome reconstruction at middleHolocene f6 Ka BP)and last Glacial Maximum (18 Ka BP)in China[J]_Acta Bot Sin(植物学报), 2000, 42(11): 1201—1209. (in Chinese)
93 Okada H: 1984. Polyphyletic allopolyploid origin of Ranunculus cantoniensis (4x) from R. silerifolius (2x) X R. chinensis (2x) [J].PI Syst Evol, 148:89—102
94 Okada H. 1989. Cytogenetical changes of offsprings from the induced tetraploid hybrid between Ranuncu-lus silerifolius (2n=16) and R. chinensis (2n=16) (Ranunculaceae) [J].PI Syst Evol. 167:129-136
95 Okada 1984 Polyphyletic allopolploid orgin of R.cantoniensis(4x) from R.silerifolius(2x)~*R.chinensis(2x) [J].PI, Syst.Evol. 148:89-102
96 Okada H (1981) On sexual isolation caused by karyotype variations in Ranunculus silerifolius Lev (in Japanese) [J]. J Jpn Bot 56:41-49
97 Okada. 1979. Karyomorphology and Relationship on Ranunculaceae.Jour[J]. Jap.Bot. 54(3):65-77.
98 Petrov, S.and Borrisova-Ivanova, O.,1980.Palynomorphological charac- teristics of the Bulgarian representatives of the family Ranunculaceae Juss.V.Anemone L.,Hepatica Mill.,Ranunculus L.Fitologia[J],Sofia, 15:22-61
99 Probatova & Sokolovskaya 1984 Chromosome numbers in the families Asteraceae,Brassicaceae,Caryophyllaceae,Orichidaceae, Ranunculaceae,Vitaceae from the Soviet Far East[J]. Bot.Zurn.SSSR 69(11):1566-1568
100 Pervova Y.A.,I.V. Vainagy & L.M.Gershunina 1971. On the polyploidy of R.repens L.Ukarainsk [J]. Bot.zurn.28:37-41
101 Queiros 1995 Numeros cromossomilos[J] para a flora Portuguesa 128-138 Bot.Soc.Brot.ser 2,66:317-321
102 RAAP A.K. Advances in fluorescence in situ hybridization [J]. Murat Res, 1998,400:287-298
103 Raven RH., 1974:Plant systematics 1947-1972.
104 Rudyka 1995 chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Russian Far east[J]. Bot Zurn 80(2):87-90
105 Roy S.C.,& A.K.Sharma 1971.Cytotaxonomic studies on India Ranunculaceae[J]. Nucleus 14:132-143
106 Rudyka E.G.1984. Chromosome numbers in vascular plants from the southern part of the Soviet Far East[J].Bot.Zurn.SSSR. 69(12):1699-1700
107 Sharma A.K. 1970. Annual report[J]. 1967-1968 Res Bull. Univ.calcutta 2:1-50
108 Stebbins G.L. 1950.Variation and Evolution in plants[M]. NewYork:Columbia Univ.Press.:69
109 Shi QL, Zhuge Q, Huang MR et al, 2001. Phylogenetic relationship of Popuous sections by ITS sequence analysis [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,43 (3): 323—325
110 Sang, T., D. J. Crawford, and T. F. Stuessy. 1995 Documentation of reticulate evolution in peonies (Paeonia) using sequences of internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal DNA: implications for biogeography and concerted evolution[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 92: 6813-6817
111 Sokolova I A, Halling K C,Jenkins R B,et al.The development of a multitarget,multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the detection of carcinoma in urine[J]. Mol Diagn,2000, 2(3):116-123
112 Swoford D L. 2002. PAUP 4. 0: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony(and other methods). Betaversion 4. 0b10. Sunderland: Sinauer Assoc iates.
113 Stebbins 1945:The cytological analysis of species hybrid, Ⅱ [J].Bot.Rev.,11:463-486
114 Sen S..1973. Polysomaty and its significance in Liliales[J].Cytologia, 38: 737-751.
115 Takahashi C,Leitch I J,Ryan A,et al. The use of genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)to show transmission of recombination chromosomes by a partially fertile bigeneric hybrid G.lutzii~*A.aristata (Aloaceae),to its progeny [J]. Chromosoma, 1997,105:342-348
116 Thompson J D, Higgins D G Gibson T J. 1994. CLUST W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice[J]. Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-4680.
117 Tanke H J,Wiegant J,van Gijswijk R P,et al.New strategy for multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization:COBRA:Combined binary ratio labeling Eur [J] Hum Genet, 1999,7(1):211
118 Tian xin,Guo zhen-hua, Li De-zhu.2002.Phylogeny of Aceraceae based on ITS and trnL-F data sets, Acta Botanica Sinica,44(6):714-724.
119 Turesson G., 1922:The genotypical response of the plant species to the habitat[J].Hereditas,3:211-350
120 Tamura.M.,1967:Morphology,Ecology and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae ⅶ[J],Sci.Rep.Osaka Univ. 16(2):21-43
121 Tamura M.,1963:Morphology,Ecology and phylogeny of the Ranunculaceae ⅱ[J],Sci.Rep.Osaka Univ.12(2):141-156
122 Torrel M., Cerbah M.and Siljak-Yakovlev 2003 Molicular cytogenetics of the genus Artemisia: fluorochrome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization[J].Plant Syst.Evol.239:141-153
123 Tamura M. 1978. Ranunculus cantoniensis group in Japan [J]. Geobot. 26:34-40
124 Wang Feng,Li De-zhu,Yang jun-bo.2002.Molecular phylogeny of the lardizabalaceae based on TrnL-F sequences and combined chloroplast data[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,44(8):971-977.
125 WangJB, Zhang WJ,Chen JK,1999. Application of ITS sequences of nuclear rDNA in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of angiosperms [J]. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica,37 (4): 407—416
126 Wang XQ, Deng ZR, Hong DY,1998. The systematic position of Beesia: Evidence from ITS(nrDNA) sequence analysis [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica,36 (5): 403—410
127 Wang W T(王文采). On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region[J]_Acta Phytotax Sin(植物分类学报), 1991, 30(1): 1—24. (in Chinese)
128 Wang W Y(王文采). On some distribution patterns and some migration routes found in the eastern Asiatic region(cont.)[J]Acta Phytotax Sin(植物分类学报), 1992, 30(2): 97—117. (in Chinese)
129 Zhao Xin-Ping,Si-Yang,Hanson R E,et al. Dispersed repetitive DNA has spread to new genome since polyploidy formation in cotton [J]. Genome Research,1998,8 (5) 479-492
130 Zhou S-J, De Jeu M J, Visser R G F and Kuipers A G J. Characterisation of distant Alstroemeria hybrids: application of highly repetitive DNA sequences from A. ligtu ssp. ligtu. [J].Annals of Applied Biology, 2003, 142: 277-283.
131 陈家宽，杨继1994：植物进化生物学[M]。武汉大学出版社
132 葛颂 1994遗传多样性及其检查方法[M]北京：中国科技出版社123-140
133 彭奕欣，黄诗笺1997进化生物学[M]武汉：武汉大学出版社
134 王荷生 1992植物区系地理[M] 北京：科学出版社
135 吴国凯 秦德智 1992 生态遗传学 农林读物出版社
136 徐炳声，黄少甫．1985．中国文献报道的植物染色体数目索引[M]考察与研究(总第五辑)，上海：上海科学技术出版社，1-116．
137 张美珍，赖明洲等 1993：华东五省一市植物名录[M]．上海科学普及出版社
138 陈芳 殷勤伟 2005 调控基因表达的miRNA[J] 科学通报50(13)：1289-1299
139 丁小余，徐珞珊，王峥涛等 2001铁皮石斛居群差异的研究 中草药[J]32(9)：828-831
140 葛荣朝 张敬原 黄占景等 一个耐盐小麦-多枝赖草二体异附加系外源染色体的鉴定[J]中国农业科学，2006，39(1)：193-198
141 高智 韩方普 何孟元 应用荧光原位杂交和染色体配对研究八倍体小冰麦中2的染色体组构成和染色体特征 植物学报[J] 1999，41(1)：25-28
142 郭先锋；王莲英；袁涛2005 4种野生芍药的花粉形态研究[J] 林业科学 2005第五期
143 韩荣兰，郝刚，张奠湘．2004．基于叶绿体DNA TmL内含子序列数据的檀香木科间系统发育关系的研究．热带亚热带植物学报．12(5)：393-398．
144 韩方普 何孟元等 应用FISH技术鉴定一个小冰麦易位系 植物学报[J]1998a，40(6)：500-502
145 韩方普 何孟元等 应用FISH技术研究小冰麦异附加系TAI-14中的冰草染色体变异 植物学报[J]1998b，40(1)：33-36
146 洪德元 1990植物细胞分类学[M]．北京：科学出版社
147 何丽霞；李睿；李嘉珏；张延东 2005中国野生牡丹花粉形态的研究[J] 兰州大学学报第四期
148 贾丽；曲式曾 2001豆科锦鸡儿属植物研究进展[J] 植物研究 第四期
149 金飚；何小弟；吴建华；丁玲 2005芍药花粉的形态特征及其与品种演化的关系[J] 江苏农业学报第一期
150 李巧明 许再富 2001龙脑香科植物望天树的居群遗传结构及分化 云南植物研究[J] 23(3)：313-32
151 廖亮，徐玲玲，陈晔，方亮 1995，禺毛茛多倍体复合体及近缘种核型研究[J]，《植物分类学报》 3：230-239
152 廖亮，徐玲玲 1997中国毛茛属新分类群及其核型[J]．植物分类学报35(1)：57-62
153 廖亮，徐玲玲，杨涤清．1991．江西5种毛茛属植物核型[J]．植物分类学报，29(2)：178-183．
154 廖亮，徐玲玲，陈晔．1995．禺毛莨多倍体复合体及其近缘种核型研究[J]．植物分类学报，33(3)：230-239
155 廖亮，徐玲玲，方亮．1996a．三种毛茛属植物的核型研究．云南植物研究[J]，18(3)：331-335．
156 廖亮，徐玲玲．1996b．国产毛茛组植物孢粉形态学研究西北植物学报[J]．16(3)：255-261
157 廖亮，徐玲玲1987．江西2种毛莨属植物的核型研究．九江师专学)，2：67-71
158 李立家 宋运淳 染色体定位两个与玉米大斑病抗性基因Ht1连锁的RFLP标记[J]植物学报1998a，40(12)：1093-1098
159 李立家 两个与玉米大斑病抗性基因Htn1连锁的RFLP标记的原位杂交定位[J] 植物病理学报 1998b，28(2)：737-743
160 李懋学，陈瑞阳．1985．关于植物核型分析的标准化问题[J]．武汉植物学研究，3(4)：297-302．
161 刘亮 中国植物志 二十八卷[M]．1980北京：科学出版社
162 刘剑锋；柳福柱；程云清；程军2006 5种秋子梨品种的花粉形态观察[J]．西北农林科技大学学报第5期
163 刘占林 赵桂仿 1999居群遗传学原理及其在珍稀濒危植物保护中的应用[J]．生物多样性7(4)：340-346．
164 陆露；王红；韦仲新2005山柳科和堇菜科八个种的花粉形态——兼谈第伦桃亚纲六个科及省沽油科的系统关系[J]云南植物研究 第三期
165 雷海清 2001樱属花粉形态研究[J]亚热带植物科学 第四期
166 李爱花；沈云光；管开云；王仲朗2005犁头尖属及其近缘属植物天南星科的花粉形态[J]西北植物学报 第十二期
167 林长松，左经会，田应洲．2005．6种毛莨属植物的等位酶变异和亲缘关系分析[J]．西北植物学报25(7)：1399—1404
168 罗红霞．2004．四川6种毛莨的核型研究 西南交通大学学报[J]39(3)：411-414．
169 马永，李楠，苏俊霞，林鉴钊 2005中国苏铁属植物的分类学研究现状与展望 山西师范大学学报[J]19(2)：73-77
170 毛钧，张明宇，虞泓 2003泸定百合普洱居群遗传与变异研究 云南大学学报[J]25(增刊)：91-96
171 宁顺斌 宋运淳 王玲等 玉米中抗病基因myb1和NDR1同源序列的荧光原位杂交物理定位[J]植物学报2000，42(6)：605-610
172 覃瑞，魏文辉．BAC-FISH在植物基因组研究上的应用[J]．生物化学与生物物理进展，2000，27(1)：20-23
173 沙伟 王丽华 杨晓杰 东北20种植物的核型研究[J] 武汉植物学研究13(2)：180-182
174 沈振国 刘友良 1998重金属超积累植物研究进展[J]植物生理学通讯 34(2)：133-13．
175 宋志平 汪小凡 潘明清 2000花蔺和黄花蔺居群遗传结构比较研究 武汉植物学研究[J]18(2)：91-98
176 汤彦承 1975谈谈植物分类学的工作方法。植物分类学报，13(1)：137-139
177 佟乌云；韦东欣；莫日根2000毛茛(Ranunculus japonicus)花粉形态种内多态性及其进化[J]内蒙古大学学报 第四期
178 陶春丽，郭文武．染色体原位杂交技术对高等植物杂种的遗传鉴定[J]．华中农业大学学报，2002 21(2)：184-194
179 王伟；赵南先；胡晓颖 2002天南星属植物的花粉形态[J]云南植物研究 第四期
180 王昌留，张士璀，王勇军．荧光原位杂交技术发展及其在染色体基因定位上的应用．水生科学，27(9)2003，9：21-23
181 王丽，，李云飞．运用FISH对Paris属4个种构建18-26S物理图谱[J]．植物分类学报2004 42(5)：419-426
182 王志国 安调过 李俊明等 小偃6号背景下黑麦遗传物质的荧光原位杂交分析[J] 植物学报2004，46(4)：436-442
183 王文采．东亚地区植物的分布格局和迁移路线[J]．植物分类学报，1991，30(1)：1-24．
184 王文采．东亚地区植物的分布格局和迁移路线(续)[J]植物分类学报，1992，30(2)：97-117．
185 武军，王辉，刘伟华，小麦新种质4844中外源P染色质的GISH和SSR分析[J]．西北植物学报．2006，26(6)：1093-1097
186 魏文辉 赵万鹏 王力军等 甘蓝型油菜基于C0t-1 DNA荧光原位杂交带的核型分析[J]植物学报 2005，47(12)：1479-1484
187 徐玲玲 1997，禺毛莨多倍体复合体及其近缘种过氧化物酶同工酶研究[J]．《武汉植物研究》15(1)：46-51
188 徐根娣，刘鹏，钱丽 2002 毛茛属两种植物的过氧化物酶同工酶和酯酶同工酶的研究[J]．浙江师范大学学报 25(1)：62-65
189 徐玲玲，方亮，张良慧．2003．国产毛茛属3种植物的核型研究[J]．广西植物，23(3)：233-236
190 徐玲玲 廖亮 1996，国产毛莨组孢粉形态学研究[J]西北植物学报 16(3)：255-261
191 杨亲二，罗毅波，洪德元．1994．湖南6种毛莨科植物的核型研究[J]．广西植物，14(1)：27-36
192 杨亲二．2001．国产毛莨属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究[J]．植物分类学报，39 (5)：405-422．
193 杨亲二．2001．国产毛莨属11种及其4个近缘属5种植物的细胞学研究[J]．植物分类学报，39 (5)：405-422．
194 杨德奎 周俊英 1999 山东10种植物的核型研究[J]广西植物 19(4)：349-354
195 扬昆 漆红艳 朱利泉等S基因在甘蓝EDFs上的高分辨率荧光原位杂交定位[J]遗传学报，2006 33 (3)：277-284
196 杨亲二．2000．云南西北部毛莨属一新种——文采毛莨及其核型[J]．植物分类学报，38：(6)：551-556．
197 英加 李滨 穆素梅等 蓝粒小麦易位系的荧光原位杂交鉴定[J]植物学报 2001 43(2)：164-168
198 颜伟玉；李琳 2001．14种蜜源植物花粉形态与纯度的研究[J]养蜂科技 2001 第四期
199 虞泓，王红霞，游丹 2000 泸定百合居群染色体形态研究[J]云南大学学报 22(1)：60-67
200 章镇 2002 花粉形态特征与梅品种分类研究[J]安徽农业大学学报 第二期
201 张茜 杨瑞 王钦等 2005 基于叶绿体DNA trnT-trnF序列研究祁连圆柏的谱系地理学 植物分类学报 43(6)：503-512
202 张红军 王洪刚 染色体原位杂交技术及其在麦类作物遗传研究中的应用[J]山东农业大学学报[J]，2000，31(1)：105-109
203 张竞男，周巍，汪小凡，2001 小毛茛居群分化研究(Ⅰ)——居群内和居群间的形态变异广西植物[J]21(2)：146-149
204 曾小英；赵庆芳；汪会荣 2004 百合品种的花粉形态研究[J]西北师范大学学报 第二期
205 赵惠恩，汪小全，陈俊愉等 2003 基于核糖体DNA的ITS序列和叶绿体TrnT-L及TrnL-F基因间隔区的菊花起源与中国菊属植物分子系统学研究．分子植物育种 1(6)：597-604
206 中国科学院遗传研究所 紧穗野生稻优异基因的转移及鉴定技术 中国星火计划网 2005 8 http://www.fjkjkf.com/showr.asp?id=1896
207 朱旺升，徐品，华玉伟等．埃塞俄比亚芥与诸葛菜属之间的基因组原位杂交分析[J]．西北植物学报．2005，25(4)：662-667
208 周树军 荧光原位杂交检测野生六出花(Alstroemeria aurea)染色体的命运[J]园艺学报2002／19(3)：255-257
209 周树军．基因组荧光原位杂交区分百合回交一代的不同基因组．园艺学报[J]，2003，30(4)：485-486
210 周滢 胡世玺 胡世卿 梁光义．2004．毛莨中白头翁素的制备工艺研究[J]．中药材27(10)：762-764