以液体CO_2为冷媒的保鲜冷藏汽车保温特性的实验研究及其运行经济性分析
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摘要
本文进行的是以液体CO2（LCD）为冷媒的保鲜冷藏汽车保温特性的实验研究及其运行经济性分析。第一章就冷藏汽车的研究、应用现状进行了简述；接着在第二章中就LCD在毛细管中的流动特性进行了分析；第三、四章阐述了实验及其结果；第五章分析了LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的运行经济性。
主要研究了环境温度、LCD充装量及厢体结构对冷藏厢保温特性的影响；并对LCD在毛细管中的流动特性及其受到的影响因素进行了实验研究。通过实验，首次获得了LCD保鲜冷藏厢的保温特性和LCD在毛细管的节流膨胀曲线等重要实验数据，还率先对实验所得数据进行了分析，回归了适用于LCD在毛细管内流动的关联式：，适用范围为：LCD在入口压力P为1.8MPa~2.2MPa，内径≤2.00mm，长度≥1.0m的毛细管。
从初投资、设备折旧与维护及能耗费等方面进行运行经济性分析得出：LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的经济环保性优于机械压缩式制冷的冷藏汽车和冷板冷藏汽车。机械压缩式冷藏汽车的制冷费用比LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的高42%；冷板式冷藏汽车的制冷费用比LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的高28%。
In this paper, the author does some experimental studies of heat preservation quality and analysis of the run economic capability on the liquefid carbon dioxide(LCD) refrigerator car. Chap.1 generally introduces the present study actuality of refrigerator car; Chap.2 analyzes the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary; then the author does some experiments and analyzes the result of them in Chap.3~4. Analyzes the run economic quality of the LCD refrigerator car in Chap.5.
The author mainly studies some effects on the preservation quality of the LCD refrigerator car and the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary. Through the experimental study, firstly gains some important data of the preservation quality of the LCD refrigerator car and the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary. Then takes the lead in analyzes those data; regresses experimental correlative formula: , its useful range is: 1.8～2.2MPa, length≥1.0m,interor diameter≤2.0mm of a capillary..
Through the economic capability of those three ways of refrigeration from initial investment, depreciation and maintenance costs of equipment, as well as the fee of energy consumption, the paper sums up that the run fee of mechanical refrigerator car is 42% higher than that of LCD refrigerator car; and the run fee of cooling board is 28% higher than it.
主要研究了环境温度、LCD充装量及厢体结构对冷藏厢保温特性的影响；并对LCD在毛细管中的流动特性及其受到的影响因素进行了实验研究。通过实验，首次获得了LCD保鲜冷藏厢的保温特性和LCD在毛细管的节流膨胀曲线等重要实验数据，还率先对实验所得数据进行了分析，回归了适用于LCD在毛细管内流动的关联式：，适用范围为：LCD在入口压力P为1.8MPa~2.2MPa，内径≤2.00mm，长度≥1.0m的毛细管。
从初投资、设备折旧与维护及能耗费等方面进行运行经济性分析得出：LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的经济环保性优于机械压缩式制冷的冷藏汽车和冷板冷藏汽车。机械压缩式冷藏汽车的制冷费用比LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的高42%；冷板式冷藏汽车的制冷费用比LCD保鲜冷藏汽车的高28%。
In this paper, the author does some experimental studies of heat preservation quality and analysis of the run economic capability on the liquefid carbon dioxide(LCD) refrigerator car. Chap.1 generally introduces the present study actuality of refrigerator car; Chap.2 analyzes the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary; then the author does some experiments and analyzes the result of them in Chap.3~4. Analyzes the run economic quality of the LCD refrigerator car in Chap.5.
The author mainly studies some effects on the preservation quality of the LCD refrigerator car and the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary. Through the experimental study, firstly gains some important data of the preservation quality of the LCD refrigerator car and the flow characteristic of LCD in a capillary. Then takes the lead in analyzes those data; regresses experimental correlative formula: , its useful range is: 1.8～2.2MPa, length≥1.0m,interor diameter≤2.0mm of a capillary..
Through the economic capability of those three ways of refrigeration from initial investment, depreciation and maintenance costs of equipment, as well as the fee of energy consumption, the paper sums up that the run fee of mechanical refrigerator car is 42% higher than that of LCD refrigerator car; and the run fee of cooling board is 28% higher than it.
引文
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[3] [民主德国]H·德里斯，A·兹惟克《制冷装置》，机械工业出版社；1988,4
[4] 张建一编《制冷装置节能技术》，机械工业出版社；1999,5
[5] 徐峰，董军启，潘新祥，液氮冷藏车的优化设计，制冷，2002，pp:71~74
[6] 张新国，冷藏车市场浅析，商用汽车，Jan. 2000，pp:27
[7] 郑永叶, 谈谈冷藏车的使用, 专用汽车, 1995, 1, pp:29~31
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[9] 顾久康编《电冰箱·空调器检修实例》上海交通大学出版社；1997,11
[10]范际礼，卢士勋等编《制冷与空调实用技术手册》辽宁科学技术出版社；1997,2
[11]何国庚, 液氮冷藏集装箱的发展探讨, 低温工程, 1996, 91(3), pp:49~52
[12]COOLING PROCESSES IN A REFRIGERATED VEHICLE, Veerkamp, C. H. Bulletin de l'Institut International du Froid, Annexe, 1974, pp:89~95
[13]ZUR TEMPERATURHALTUNG IN KUEHLWAGEN UNTER BESONDERER BERUECKSICHTIGUNG DES BANANENTRANSPORTS. left bracket Temperature Maintenance in Refrigerator Car under Particular Consideration of the Banana Transport right bracket .Brink, Heinrich, Zeitschrift fuer Eisenbahnwesen und Verkehrstechnik - Glasers Annalen, Vol. 97, No. 6, Jun, 1973, pp:232~23
[14]Staebler, L. A. Refrigerating apparatus, U. S. Patent2, 291, 565, 1942
[15]我国冷冻冷藏行业的现状及发展趋势，冷藏技术，1997，80(3), pp:5~9
[16]刘晓晨，高峰，气调保鲜冷藏车，重型汽车，1998，47(4)，pp:33~35
[17]孙业玺，冷藏汽车厢体的主要结构形式及发展趋势，移动电源与车辆，1994，No.3, pp:26~29
[18]CryoGas International, 1991, 29(8): 8
[19]L' Air Liquide. Division Scientifique. Gas Encydopaedia, Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976, pp:333~368
[20]AMOCO CO2 FACILITY PROVES EFFICIENT, Macon, Richard B. (Amoco Prod Co, Houston, Tex) , Oil and Gas Journal, Vol. 78, No. 14, Apr 7, 1980, pp: 80~83
[21]Development of a 4 K GM/JT refrigerator for Maglev vehicle, Fujimoto,
S. (Daikin Ind. Ltd., Osaka, Japan;); Taneya, S.; Kurihara, T.; Miura, K.; Tomioka, K.; Okamoto, M.; Yamaguchi, T.; Kasahara, S.; Terai, M.; Miura, A.; Nakao, H.; Fujinami, T.; Nakamoto, Y. Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference, 1997, pt. 1, pp:331~4，Vol.1
[22] J. M. Yin，J. Pettersen, R. McEnaney and A. Beaver, TEWI Comparison of R744 and R134a systems for Mobile Air Conditioning SAE, International Congress and Exposition Detroit, Michigan. 1999, March, pp:1～4
[23]L' Air Liquide, Division Scientifique. Gas Encydopaedia, Amsterdam, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1976. pp:333 ~ 368
[24]Kirk R E. Encyclopacdia of Chemical Technology, Carbon dioxide. London: The interscience, 1954
[25]徐湘波, 胡益雄编, 建筑物及汽车空调负荷, 国防科技大学出版社, 1997.
[26]陈家祥, 空调车室传热模型及冷负荷计算,西安交通大学学报, 1992, 26(1)
[27]黄天泽, 孙婉娟, 何友朗编. 汽车空调系统设计与使用维修. 北京理工大学出版社, 1997
[28]袁秀玲主编《制冷与空调装置》，西安交通大学出版社；2001,3
[29]中华人民共和国汽车行业标准QC/T72 .1—93
[30]卜啸华编《制冷与空调技术问答》，机械工业出版社；2000,1
[31]张祉佑，石秉三编《制冷与低温技术》（上、中、下），机械工业出版社；1985,11
[32]郑贤德编《制冷原理与装置》，机械工业出版社；2000,1
[33]Swart, R. H. Capillary tube heat exchangers. Refrigerating Engeneering, 1946, 54(9):42
[34]Chen Z. H., Li R. Y. et al, A Correlation for Metastable Flow of Refrigerant 12 Through Capillary Tubes. ASHRAE Trans., 1991, .97(3364), pp:550~554
[35]曹小林，吴业正，朱瑞琪等，制冷剂在毛细管内的两相流特性研究，西安交通大学学报, 2003，37(1), pp:53~55
[36]Bolstad, M. M and R. C. Jordan. Theory and use of the capillary tube expansion device. Part II, nonadiabatic flow. Refrigerating Engineering,
1949,57(6), pp:572~583
[37]Bolstad, M. M and R. C. Jordan. Theory and use of the capillary tube expansion device. Refrigerating Engineering, 1948, 56(6), pp:519~23
[38]Mikol E P, Dudley J C. A visual and photographic study of the inception of vaporization in adiabatic flow [ J ]. Trans of the ASME, Series D: Journal of Basic Engineering, 1964 (6)，pp:257 ~ 263
[39]Koizumi, HandK, Yokoyama. Characteristics of refrigerant flow in a capillary tube [J]. ASHRAE Trans, 1980, 86, pp:19~27
[40]中国电力信息中心, 1998年电力工业统计摘要(之五) [J], 中国电力, 1998, 10: 83
[41]王永镖等, 地源热泵运行经济性分析. 热能动力工程, 2002, 102(11), pp:565~567
[42]张学坚，速冻方便食品的发展趋势经济性分析，肉类工业，223(1), pp:39~41
[43]袁秀珍，张学俊，李福贤等，冷柜保温层经济性分析，流体机械，Dec.1996, Vol.24, No.12, pp:56~59
[44]刘桂平，葛茂泉，冷藏库隔热层的经济性分析，上海水产大学学报，Jun.2001, Vol.10, No.2. pp:149~153
[45]化工部科技情报研究所编，世界化学工业年鉴，北京：化工出版社，1984~1988
[46]Petrolite Oil Field Chemical Group. The Tretolite Total Systems Approach Program for Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery, Petrolite Corporation, 1984
[47]Kuijpers, L. J. M. and M. J. P. Janssen. Influence of thermal non-equilibrium on capillary tube mass flow. Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Refrigeration, Commission B2, Paris, 1983, pp:307~315
[48]《制冷工程设计手册》编写组，制冷工程设计手册[M]，北京, 中国建筑工业出版社，1987
[49]李华主编《MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术》
[50]Reijo Munther, Heikki KalliL appeenranta Univ. of Technology, PB20, 53851, Lappeenranta, FINLAND J.Kouhia Technical Research Center of Finland, PB 20, 53851, Lappeenranta, FINLAND
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