杨木挤压法漂白化机浆制浆过程研究
摘要
挤压法漂白化机浆(Bleached Extruder Chemi-Mechanical Pulping,简称BECMP)是一种新型高得率制浆方法,具有高得率、高品质、低能耗、低污染、短流程、国产化的特点。本论文以杨木挤压法漂白化机浆工业化生产线为对象,详细分析了其原料质量,着重对制浆过程中各阶段浆料的化学组分和纤维形态变化特征进行描述,并且对成浆质量进行了综合评价。
通过分析得到：BECMP所用原料的抽出物含量偏高,纤维平均长度短,长宽比小、成熟度较低,合格率达不到一般制浆工业生产的要求。
在BECMP磨浆过程中,制浆得率逐渐下降,最终得率为79.89%。1%NaOH抽出物、苯醇抽出物、klason木素、及聚戊糖都有部分溶出,其溶出率分别为23.70%、75.28%、5.50%和22.84%。制浆过程中浸渍反应、第二段机械磨解及漂白反应等工艺过程对纤维化学组分的影响较大。
实验中分别从宏观和微观两个角度分别记录了挤压法制浆纤维形态变化的全过程。在杨木BECMP制浆过程中,纤维的分离是逐次进行的,主要通过机械挤压磨解过程完成；化学反应过程也会造成少部分小尺寸束状纤维分离,其主要作用是降低纤维材料刚性；双辊磨挤压磨解作用造成的纤维切断较少。同时,双辊磨磨解过程可造成纤维扭曲、层叠、表层破裂、起皱、P层剥离等微细形态变化。
最后,本研究对BECMP成浆质量和抄造性能进行了分析,结果表明：以较低合格率的杨木枝桠材木片为原料生产的BECMP浆,其成浆物理指标达到使用标准要求,抗张强度优于APMP浆。
As a new method of high yield pulping, BECMP (Bleached Extruder Chemi-Mechanical Pulping) has such characteristics, good pulp quality, low consumption of energy and pollution, short sequence, and the relevant equipment has already been commercialized in China.
Based on the BECMP production line, this article analyzed the material quality and discussed the characteristics of chemical composition and fiber configuration of the materials takeing from each working procedure. For better understanding of the new pulping method, the properties of the BECMP pulp were assessed synthetically.
The results showed that the fiber maturity of BECMP raw materials was lower, and the chips acceptability could not meet the industry requirement in the range of this study. The extract contents of BECMP raw materials were higher, and the average length and the length-width ratio of fibers were shorter and lower.
During BECMP pulping process, the pulping yield decreased gradually and the final yeild was 79.89%. The extract of 1%NaOH and alcohol-benzene, acid-insoluble lignin and holocellulose were all dissolved partially. The dissolved rates were 23.70%,75.28%,5.50% and 22.84% respectively. The second stage of extruded pulping and bleaching all have obvious effect on the chemical composition of cellulose. The processes that had an obvious relation to chemical composition were impregnated reaction, the second stage of extruded pulping and bleached reaction.
In this article, the changes of fiber configuration during the whole process of BECMP were recorded as viewed from both microcosmic and macrocosmic aspects. The results implied that the fibers were gradually defibered mainly by mechanical grinding and extruding. The chemical process could also lead to defibering fiber bundles in small size through reducing the fiber stiffness. Shortening of the fibres causing by the twin screw extruder were less, compared with other pulping methods. Comparations among the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of feedstock from different stage showed that the screwing process could result in changes of fiber configuration, such as fiber curvature, folding, bursting and fibrillation.
The properties of the pulp were analyzed in this thesis. The properties of the pulp are capable of reaching the industrial requirements, and simultaneously, its tensile strength is better than that of the APMP pulp.
通过分析得到：BECMP所用原料的抽出物含量偏高,纤维平均长度短,长宽比小、成熟度较低,合格率达不到一般制浆工业生产的要求。
在BECMP磨浆过程中,制浆得率逐渐下降,最终得率为79.89%。1%NaOH抽出物、苯醇抽出物、klason木素、及聚戊糖都有部分溶出,其溶出率分别为23.70%、75.28%、5.50%和22.84%。制浆过程中浸渍反应、第二段机械磨解及漂白反应等工艺过程对纤维化学组分的影响较大。
实验中分别从宏观和微观两个角度分别记录了挤压法制浆纤维形态变化的全过程。在杨木BECMP制浆过程中,纤维的分离是逐次进行的,主要通过机械挤压磨解过程完成；化学反应过程也会造成少部分小尺寸束状纤维分离,其主要作用是降低纤维材料刚性；双辊磨挤压磨解作用造成的纤维切断较少。同时,双辊磨磨解过程可造成纤维扭曲、层叠、表层破裂、起皱、P层剥离等微细形态变化。
最后,本研究对BECMP成浆质量和抄造性能进行了分析,结果表明：以较低合格率的杨木枝桠材木片为原料生产的BECMP浆,其成浆物理指标达到使用标准要求,抗张强度优于APMP浆。
As a new method of high yield pulping, BECMP (Bleached Extruder Chemi-Mechanical Pulping) has such characteristics, good pulp quality, low consumption of energy and pollution, short sequence, and the relevant equipment has already been commercialized in China.
Based on the BECMP production line, this article analyzed the material quality and discussed the characteristics of chemical composition and fiber configuration of the materials takeing from each working procedure. For better understanding of the new pulping method, the properties of the BECMP pulp were assessed synthetically.
The results showed that the fiber maturity of BECMP raw materials was lower, and the chips acceptability could not meet the industry requirement in the range of this study. The extract contents of BECMP raw materials were higher, and the average length and the length-width ratio of fibers were shorter and lower.
During BECMP pulping process, the pulping yield decreased gradually and the final yeild was 79.89%. The extract of 1%NaOH and alcohol-benzene, acid-insoluble lignin and holocellulose were all dissolved partially. The dissolved rates were 23.70%,75.28%,5.50% and 22.84% respectively. The second stage of extruded pulping and bleaching all have obvious effect on the chemical composition of cellulose. The processes that had an obvious relation to chemical composition were impregnated reaction, the second stage of extruded pulping and bleached reaction.
In this article, the changes of fiber configuration during the whole process of BECMP were recorded as viewed from both microcosmic and macrocosmic aspects. The results implied that the fibers were gradually defibered mainly by mechanical grinding and extruding. The chemical process could also lead to defibering fiber bundles in small size through reducing the fiber stiffness. Shortening of the fibres causing by the twin screw extruder were less, compared with other pulping methods. Comparations among the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of feedstock from different stage showed that the screwing process could result in changes of fiber configuration, such as fiber curvature, folding, bursting and fibrillation.
The properties of the pulp were analyzed in this thesis. The properties of the pulp are capable of reaching the industrial requirements, and simultaneously, its tensile strength is better than that of the APMP pulp.
引文
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[4]邝仕均.2008年世界造纸工业概况.造纸信息.2009(11),13～15.
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[6]王雪梅.环境保护对我国造纸产业国际竞争力影响的研究.北京林业大学博士论文43～52
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[19]刘敬喜.国内造纸行业的发展分析.宁夏机械,2009(2),17～19
[20]刘光良.高得率浆发展现状及趋势.中华纸业,1998(3),7～9
[21]房桂干等.发展高得率浆生产是保证我国造纸工业可持续发展的重要途径之一.林产化工通讯,2000,Vol.No34(4),29～31
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[23]Zhou Y, Cannell E-Bleached high yield pulp:processes, installations and end uses [C]·B231·Proceedings of Paptac 91stannual meeting Mon-treal (Canada),2005
[24]Laboratory of chemical pulping and environmental Technology. Introduction to high yeild pulping
[25]周亚军,张栋基,李甘霖.漂白高得率化学机械浆综述.中国造纸,2005,24(5),51～60
[26]刘长恩.磨浆理论与设备.哈尔滨：黑龙江科学技术出版社,1994
[27]Kurdin J.A, Bohn W.L.Mechanical pulping by Extrusion[C]. pulping conference, San Francisco C A,USA,1984
[28]De Choudens C.,and et al. Method and apparatus for grinding chips into paper pulp [P]。 US4088528,1978-05-09
[29]Creusot Loire. Process for preparing a paper pulp [P].EP0017544,1980-10-15.
[30]Creusot Loire. Method of making a cellulosic fibre pulp for non paperlike applications[P].EP0070782,1983-01-26
[31]Banque De France,Clextral,Centre Tech Ind Papier.Method for the manufacture of a paper pulp for currency use [P],US 4983256,1991-01-09
[32]Clextral. Method and Apparatus for Continuously Preparig Cellulose Pulp [P].FR274163.8,1997-05-30
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[34]Van Roekel, G.J. (1996):Bulk papermaking applications for bast fibre crops using extrusion pulping, PIRA International, Peterborough, England, p. paper 26,29 pp.
[35]N'Diaye, S., Rigal, L., Larocque, P. and Vidal, P.F. (1996):Extraction of hemicelluloses from polar, Populus tremuloides, using an extruder-type twin-screw reactor:a feasibility study, Bioresource Techn.57,61-67.
[36]Sinkey J.D.Development of a third generation refiner[R].C-E Bauer internal correspondence,1982
[37]陈嘉翔等.制浆原理与工程.北京：中国轻工业出版社,1990：257
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