大跨预应力混凝土连续刚构桥施工控制研究及温度效应分析
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摘要
施工控制是施工技术的重要组成部分，在大跨径桥梁的施工中已成为不可缺少的关键环节。由于大跨径连续刚构桥采用悬臂施工，且跨径大、连续孔数多，有效地实施施工控制对桥梁施工过程中的结构安全、确保最终大桥的顺利合拢以及成桥状态的线形和受力情况符合设计要求是必不可少的。灰色预测控制系统理论是结合连续刚构桥的施工特点，根据灰色系统理论和现代预测控制理论而提出的一个施工控制系统，它是灰色系统理论和现代预测控制理论的有机结合。本文结合白水湘江大桥工程实例，运用灰色预测控制系统，对该桥在施工过程中各施工状态进行预测控制。施工控制结果表明，将灰色预测控制系统运用于大跨径连续刚构桥的施工控制，能够确保施工过程中的结构安全、成桥状态的线形以及受力情况符合设计要求。
在箱梁应力中，日照温差引起的温度应力占了较为重要的一部分，而研究混凝土桥梁温度效应的关键在于确定结构的温度场。本文通过白水湘江大桥主桥施工阶段和合拢后成桥阶段箱梁温度场及其温度效应的24小时连续观测，对连续刚构桥温度效应进行了详细的分析，采用新西兰规范和我国铁路规范相结合的简化温度梯度模式，计算结果与实测值较为接近。
本文最后结合白水湘江大桥高温合拢的实际情况，通过对不同合拢温度的选取，对由此年温差产生的结构内力进行了比较分析，对连续刚构桥合拢温度的合理选取进行了初步的探讨，并提出了一项有效的施工措施以保证在高温条件下合拢结构安全。
As the important part of modern construction technology, construction control is playing a more and more important role in the successful erection of long-span bridges. Because the balancing cantilever segmental construction method has been widely applied in the building of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge, it is necessary to execute a construction control effectively to ensure the structural safety, successful closure of a span and the ideal alignment of superstructure during and after erection of the bridge. In this thesis, a grey predictive control system for one construction control of long span pc continuous rigid frame bridge has been developed from the grey system theory and the modern predictive control theory, and the system has been applied on the construction control of Baishui Bridge across Xiangjiang River in Qiyang that is a PC continuous rigid frame bridge with two main spans of 120 meters to predict and control all construction states. It has been proved that the application of Grey pr
edictive control system can ensure construction safety, make ideal alignment of superstructure and the internal force of Baishui Bridge after closing-join to meet the design requirement successfully.
The stress caused by sunshine is an important part of reaction of PC box girder and it is crucial to have a certain temperature field to determine the temperature effect of the PC box girder bridge. Based on the 24 hours continuous observation on the temperature filed and the corresponding effects of the Baishui Bridge during and after its construction, a simplified temperature gradients pattern is put forward, the effect of temperature difference on the PC continuous rigid frame bridge is thoroughly analyzed on the base of the temperature gradient, and the calculating results agree well with measured ones, which demonstrate the temperature gradient
model presented here is feasible.
When Baishui Bridge is closed join at high air temperature, the internal forces in the structure caused by the higher temperature difference are analyzed, and a reasonable measurement has been put forward to ensure the bridge closed successfully in the higher air temperature.
在箱梁应力中，日照温差引起的温度应力占了较为重要的一部分，而研究混凝土桥梁温度效应的关键在于确定结构的温度场。本文通过白水湘江大桥主桥施工阶段和合拢后成桥阶段箱梁温度场及其温度效应的24小时连续观测，对连续刚构桥温度效应进行了详细的分析，采用新西兰规范和我国铁路规范相结合的简化温度梯度模式，计算结果与实测值较为接近。
本文最后结合白水湘江大桥高温合拢的实际情况，通过对不同合拢温度的选取，对由此年温差产生的结构内力进行了比较分析，对连续刚构桥合拢温度的合理选取进行了初步的探讨，并提出了一项有效的施工措施以保证在高温条件下合拢结构安全。
As the important part of modern construction technology, construction control is playing a more and more important role in the successful erection of long-span bridges. Because the balancing cantilever segmental construction method has been widely applied in the building of long-span continuous rigid frame bridge, it is necessary to execute a construction control effectively to ensure the structural safety, successful closure of a span and the ideal alignment of superstructure during and after erection of the bridge. In this thesis, a grey predictive control system for one construction control of long span pc continuous rigid frame bridge has been developed from the grey system theory and the modern predictive control theory, and the system has been applied on the construction control of Baishui Bridge across Xiangjiang River in Qiyang that is a PC continuous rigid frame bridge with two main spans of 120 meters to predict and control all construction states. It has been proved that the application of Grey pr
edictive control system can ensure construction safety, make ideal alignment of superstructure and the internal force of Baishui Bridge after closing-join to meet the design requirement successfully.
The stress caused by sunshine is an important part of reaction of PC box girder and it is crucial to have a certain temperature field to determine the temperature effect of the PC box girder bridge. Based on the 24 hours continuous observation on the temperature filed and the corresponding effects of the Baishui Bridge during and after its construction, a simplified temperature gradients pattern is put forward, the effect of temperature difference on the PC continuous rigid frame bridge is thoroughly analyzed on the base of the temperature gradient, and the calculating results agree well with measured ones, which demonstrate the temperature gradient
model presented here is feasible.
When Baishui Bridge is closed join at high air temperature, the internal forces in the structure caused by the higher temperature difference are analyzed, and a reasonable measurement has been put forward to ensure the bridge closed successfully in the higher air temperature.
引文
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[2]向中富．桥梁施工控制技术．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[3]Maeda K, Otsuka A, Takano H.The design and construction of the Yokohama Bay Bridge[A].Tokyo: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1991:377-395
[4]林元培．卡尔曼滤波法在斜拉桥施工中的应用．土木工程学报．1983，16(3)：7-14
[5]徐岳，张劲泉，鲜正洪．悬桥施工控制方法的研究．西安公路交通大学学报，1997，17(4)：46-50
[6]张永水，顾安邦．灰色系统理论在连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用．公路，2001，3(6)：42-44
[7]张永水．大跨度预应力砼连续刚构桥施工误差调整的Kalman滤波法．重庆交通学院学报，2000，19(3)：13-15
[8]方志，刘光栋，王光炯．斜拉桥施工的灰色预测控制系统．湖南大学学报，1997，24(3)：74-81
[9]项海帆．高等桥梁结构理论．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[10]中华人民共和国交通部部颁标准．公路钢筋混凝土及预应力混凝土桥涵设计规范(JTJ023-85)[S]．北京：人民交通出版社，1985
[11]范立础．桥梁工程(上册)．北京：人民交通出版社，2001
[12]中华人民共和国铁道部标准．铁路桥涵设计规范(JBJ2-85)．北京：中国铁道出版社，1986
[13]常英．卡尔曼虑波法在预应力连续刚构桥施工控制中的应用：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：重庆交通学院，1999
[14]陈德伟，郑信光，项海帆．混凝土斜拉桥的施工控制．土木工程学报，1993，26(1)：1-11
[15]邓聚龙．灰色系统基本方法．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1987
[16]方志，黄立葵，周乐农．砼结构徐变的灰色系统预测．湖南大学学报，1994，21(4)：96-102
[17]Tomaka H,Kamei M.Cable tension adjustment by structural system identification[A].Bangkok:Asian Institute of Technology, 1987:856-868
[18] Sakai F, Isoe A,Umeda A.A.new methodology for control of construction accuracy in cable-stayed bridges[A].Fan L C.Proc 3th EASEC. Shanghai:Tongji University Press. 1991:847-855
[19] Jacques Mathivat.The Cantilever Construction of Prestressed Concrete Bridges. John Wiley&Sons, 1983
[20] Wada K,Tomita N, Takano H. Construction of the Yokohama Bay Bridge superstructure[A].Zurich:IABSE,1988:177-182
[21] Kalman R E.A new Approach to Linear Filtering and Prediction Problems,ASME,Journal of Basic Engineering,1960,82
[22] 陈德伟，许俊，周宗泽等．预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工控制新进展．同济大学学报，2001，29(1)：99-103
[23] 官万轶，韩大建．大跨度斜拉桥施工控制方法研究进展．华南理工大学学报，1999，27(11)：14-18
[24] Priestly.M.J.N.Design of Concrete Bridges for Temperature Gradients. American Concrete Institute Journal,1978,(5):209-217
[25] Dilger.W.H,Ghali.A,Chan.M,Cheung,.M.S.and Maes.M.A.Temperature Stresses in Composite Box Girder Bridges,Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,Vol.109,No.6,June,1983:1460-1478
[26] Dilger.W.H.and Ghali.A.Temperature Induced Stresses in Composite Box Girder Bridges,Depart of Supply and Services,Ottawa,Ontario, Canada,Oct,1980
[27] Emanuel.J.H.and Hulsey.j.l.Temperature Distribution in Composite Brridge,Journal of the Structural Division,ASCE,Vol.104.ST1,Jan,1978:65-78
[28] Elbadry.M.M,Ghali.A.Temperature Variation in Concrete Bridges. Journal of Structure Engineering,ASCE,1983,109(10):2355-2374
[29] 刘兴法．预应力砼箱梁温度应力计算方法．土木工程学报，1991
[30] 刘兴法．混凝土结构的温度应力分析．北京：人民交通出版社，1991
[31] 郭棋武．斜拉桥施工过程中的受力分析及成桥索力的合理确定：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，1999
[32] 康为江．钢筋混凝土箱梁日照温度效应研究：[硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2000
[33] 邵旭东，李立峰，鲍卫刚．砼箱形梁横向温度应力计算分析．重庆交通学院学报，2000，19(4)：5-10
[34] 葛耀君，翟东，张国泉．混凝土斜拉桥温度场的试验研究．中国公路学报，1996，9(2)：76-83
[35] 赵毅强，林才奎，汪徐送等．太平大桥混凝土箱体的温度场．中南汽车运输，1999，74(1)：34-37
[36] 张国庆，田泽民，金太学等．混凝土箱梁的温度场．东北公路，1999，22(3)：43-46
[37] 张国庆，王玉泉，徐浩烈．混凝土箱梁温度应力研究．黑龙江交通科技，2001(1)：50-53
[38] Sivakumaran,K S.Analysis of Concrete Structure Subjected to Sustained Temperature Gradients. Journal Civil Eng,1984,11(3):404-410
[39] Vecchio,F.Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frames Subjected to Thermal and Mechanical Loads. Journal of ACI Structure,1987,84(6):492-501
[40] Kodur.V.K.R.,Sultan.M.A.Effect of Temperature on Thermal Properties of High-Strength Concrete.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2003,15(2):101-108
[41] 徐君兰．大跨度桥梁施工控制．北京：人民交通出版社，2000
[42] 陈福祥．预测控制及应用．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1993
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