地震作用下高速铁路桥上列车走行性研究
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摘要
高速铁路的特点是速度快、安全性和舒适性都比较高,因此在世界各国都得到了迅速发展。我国的高速铁路发展相对还比较落后,随着国民经济的发展和社会的进步,我国高速铁路正在得到快速发展,例如秦沈客运专线已经通车,武广、石太等客运专线正在修建,京沪高速铁路也将进行建设。高速铁路的修建使车桥系统的研究更加重要。同时,我国是个多地震国家,由于列车的速度快和桥梁的长度比较长使列车在桥上的机率大大增加。因此,研究地震下车桥耦合振动成为需要开展的研究课题。
本文在回顾国内外车桥系统研究的基础上,建立了车辆和桥梁的三维耦合动力学模型,推导了系统的耦合振动方程。轮轨接触考虑了弹性接触模型(车辆31个自由度)和密贴接触模型(车辆23个自由度)。其中31个自由度考虑了车体和前、后转向架的横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮、点头5个自由度,每个轮对考虑横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮4个自由度;23个自由度考虑了车体和前、后转向架的横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮、点头5个自由度,每个轮对考虑横移、摇头2个自由度。在本文推导的前述两种接触形式的振动方程中,轨道不平顺以外部激励的形式输入。
用FORTRAN语言编制了车桥系统的计算分析程序,该程序能处理简支梁、连续梁、斜拉桥的车桥振动问题。轮轨接触采用赫兹非线性理论求解竖向轮轨力,用Kalker理论求解轮轨的蠕滑力,这个方法可以考虑轮轨瞬间脱离的情况。采用计算结果和实测结果比较的方法验证了程序的可靠性。同时比较了弹性接触和密贴接触模型的不同以及适用情况。指出计算桥梁的动力响应时两种轮轨接触模型都能得到正确的结果,但计算车辆的轮重减载率、脱轨系数、竖向加速度时二者差别比较大。通过比较分析对两种模型的适用情况有了清楚的认识。
以车体的横向振动加速度、轮轨接触力、脱轨系数为管理标准,对轨道不平顺激励下桥上列车的安全性及旅客舒适性进行研究。分别对不平顺的波长和波深以及列车的走行速度的影响规律进行了分析。得出短波长不平顺对车辆的安全性影响显著,而长波长不平顺对旅客的舒适性影响显著的结论。
建立了地震作用下车桥耦合振动的分析模型并编制了相应的程序。程序中能考虑地震和车辆同时作用下系统的响应。根据不同的地质情况,选取了有代表性的3条地震波进行研究。对地震作用下和没有地震作用下车桥系统的动力响应进行比较分析,得到地震作用下的车辆和桥梁的动力响应都明显提高,其运行的安全性会大大降低。因此,车桥系统研究中应该考虑地震的作用。
另外,分析了地震波的强度、地震波的频率、列车速度、桥墩的高度等参数对车桥系统的影响。分析认为不同的地震波对车桥耦合系统的影响差别比较大,对于实际的桥梁应该根据具体的地质情况选用合适的地震波。对于同一个地震波而言,地震波的强度越高桥梁和车辆的动力响应越大。而地震波的频率越高桥梁和车辆的响应越低。通过比较分析,对地震作用下各参数的影响规律有了清楚的认识。
最后探讨了地震下高速铁路运行的安全限界图。根据上面的研究方法,依据车辆运行的评判标准,用相应的一类、二类、三类土的地震波,得出了各地震波的地震波强度和列车运行速度的安全限界图。此方法可以作为具体工程设计参考。
High-speed railway has the advantage of high-speed,safety and comfort,and has developed rapidly in many countries.The construction of high-speed railway drops behinds relatively in our country,but it now developing rapidly with the economic development and social progress,for example,Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway has been built,Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger railway and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger railwaya are under construction,and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will be built recently.Earthquakes often occur in our country.So studying coupling vibration of vehicle and bridge under high-speed train during earthquake become more and more important.
In this dissertation,the coupling vibration equations of vehicle and bridge system are derived by three-dimension coupling dynamic model.Dynamical responses of vehicle and bridge system are analyzed using two different wheel-rail contact models.In the model, rail irregularities are regared as external excitation of vehicle bridge system.One of the wheel-rail models is elastic contact model,considering 31 degrees of freedom for a vehicle. The other is tight contact model,considering 23 degrees of freedom for a vehicle.The vehicle is modeled consisting of a body,two trucks and four wheel-sets.The body and each truck are considered to have 5 DOFs of transverse and vertical displacements,rolling, pitching and yawing respectively.In elastic contact model,a wheel-set is considered four DOFs of transverse,rolling,yawing,and pitching,but in tight contact model,a wheel-set is considered to have only two DOFs of transverse and rolling.
The program to analyze the vehicle and bridge system is established in FORTRAN, which can be used to simple-supported beam,continuous beam and cable-stayed bridge. Vertical wheel-rail force is solved with Hertz nonlinear theory,wheel-rail creep with Kalker theory,in which the wheel-rail short-term deviation is considered.The calculation results approach experiment values.It proves the program is reliable.By comparing the calculation results of elastic contact model and tight contact model,the application of two models is dear.When bridge dynamical responses are computed,the values of two models are both correct.But when vertical train acceleration,load decrement rate of wheel weight and derailment coefficient of vehicle are computed,the results of two models have great difference,the ones of elastic contact model approach reality more.
Train security and comfort on bridges excited by rail irregularities,including irregular wavelength and wave amplitude under the different train velocity,are studied,whose management criterions are lateral acceleration,wheel-rail force,derailment coefficient. The conclusion is that short wavelength irregularity influences security evidently,but long wavelength irregularity effects comfort prominently.
The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration model during earthquake is established,which considers the system responses under earthquake and vehicle simultaneously.The research, analyzing three different geology earthquake waves and no earthquake wave,indicates that the responses of vehicle and bridge are evidently amplifier under earthquake wave,and running security is greatly lowered.
The dynamical responses of the vehicle-bridge system by earthquake strength, earthquake frequency,train velocity and pier height,are analyzed.The results are different for different earthquake wave,so the earthquake wave should be selected by factual geology condition.The dynamical responses are greater with higher earthquake wave strength,and lower with higher earthquake frequency for the same earthquake wave.
At last running security circumscription map of high-speed railway during earthquake in different geology condition is discussed according to running evaluation, which can provide a reference to practice engineering design.
本文在回顾国内外车桥系统研究的基础上,建立了车辆和桥梁的三维耦合动力学模型,推导了系统的耦合振动方程。轮轨接触考虑了弹性接触模型(车辆31个自由度)和密贴接触模型(车辆23个自由度)。其中31个自由度考虑了车体和前、后转向架的横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮、点头5个自由度,每个轮对考虑横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮4个自由度;23个自由度考虑了车体和前、后转向架的横移、侧滚、摇头、沉浮、点头5个自由度,每个轮对考虑横移、摇头2个自由度。在本文推导的前述两种接触形式的振动方程中,轨道不平顺以外部激励的形式输入。
用FORTRAN语言编制了车桥系统的计算分析程序,该程序能处理简支梁、连续梁、斜拉桥的车桥振动问题。轮轨接触采用赫兹非线性理论求解竖向轮轨力,用Kalker理论求解轮轨的蠕滑力,这个方法可以考虑轮轨瞬间脱离的情况。采用计算结果和实测结果比较的方法验证了程序的可靠性。同时比较了弹性接触和密贴接触模型的不同以及适用情况。指出计算桥梁的动力响应时两种轮轨接触模型都能得到正确的结果,但计算车辆的轮重减载率、脱轨系数、竖向加速度时二者差别比较大。通过比较分析对两种模型的适用情况有了清楚的认识。
以车体的横向振动加速度、轮轨接触力、脱轨系数为管理标准,对轨道不平顺激励下桥上列车的安全性及旅客舒适性进行研究。分别对不平顺的波长和波深以及列车的走行速度的影响规律进行了分析。得出短波长不平顺对车辆的安全性影响显著,而长波长不平顺对旅客的舒适性影响显著的结论。
建立了地震作用下车桥耦合振动的分析模型并编制了相应的程序。程序中能考虑地震和车辆同时作用下系统的响应。根据不同的地质情况,选取了有代表性的3条地震波进行研究。对地震作用下和没有地震作用下车桥系统的动力响应进行比较分析,得到地震作用下的车辆和桥梁的动力响应都明显提高,其运行的安全性会大大降低。因此,车桥系统研究中应该考虑地震的作用。
另外,分析了地震波的强度、地震波的频率、列车速度、桥墩的高度等参数对车桥系统的影响。分析认为不同的地震波对车桥耦合系统的影响差别比较大,对于实际的桥梁应该根据具体的地质情况选用合适的地震波。对于同一个地震波而言,地震波的强度越高桥梁和车辆的动力响应越大。而地震波的频率越高桥梁和车辆的响应越低。通过比较分析,对地震作用下各参数的影响规律有了清楚的认识。
最后探讨了地震下高速铁路运行的安全限界图。根据上面的研究方法,依据车辆运行的评判标准,用相应的一类、二类、三类土的地震波,得出了各地震波的地震波强度和列车运行速度的安全限界图。此方法可以作为具体工程设计参考。
High-speed railway has the advantage of high-speed,safety and comfort,and has developed rapidly in many countries.The construction of high-speed railway drops behinds relatively in our country,but it now developing rapidly with the economic development and social progress,for example,Qinhuangdao-Shenyang passenger railway has been built,Wuhan-Guangzhou passenger railway and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan passenger railwaya are under construction,and Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway will be built recently.Earthquakes often occur in our country.So studying coupling vibration of vehicle and bridge under high-speed train during earthquake become more and more important.
In this dissertation,the coupling vibration equations of vehicle and bridge system are derived by three-dimension coupling dynamic model.Dynamical responses of vehicle and bridge system are analyzed using two different wheel-rail contact models.In the model, rail irregularities are regared as external excitation of vehicle bridge system.One of the wheel-rail models is elastic contact model,considering 31 degrees of freedom for a vehicle. The other is tight contact model,considering 23 degrees of freedom for a vehicle.The vehicle is modeled consisting of a body,two trucks and four wheel-sets.The body and each truck are considered to have 5 DOFs of transverse and vertical displacements,rolling, pitching and yawing respectively.In elastic contact model,a wheel-set is considered four DOFs of transverse,rolling,yawing,and pitching,but in tight contact model,a wheel-set is considered to have only two DOFs of transverse and rolling.
The program to analyze the vehicle and bridge system is established in FORTRAN, which can be used to simple-supported beam,continuous beam and cable-stayed bridge. Vertical wheel-rail force is solved with Hertz nonlinear theory,wheel-rail creep with Kalker theory,in which the wheel-rail short-term deviation is considered.The calculation results approach experiment values.It proves the program is reliable.By comparing the calculation results of elastic contact model and tight contact model,the application of two models is dear.When bridge dynamical responses are computed,the values of two models are both correct.But when vertical train acceleration,load decrement rate of wheel weight and derailment coefficient of vehicle are computed,the results of two models have great difference,the ones of elastic contact model approach reality more.
Train security and comfort on bridges excited by rail irregularities,including irregular wavelength and wave amplitude under the different train velocity,are studied,whose management criterions are lateral acceleration,wheel-rail force,derailment coefficient. The conclusion is that short wavelength irregularity influences security evidently,but long wavelength irregularity effects comfort prominently.
The vehicle-bridge coupling vibration model during earthquake is established,which considers the system responses under earthquake and vehicle simultaneously.The research, analyzing three different geology earthquake waves and no earthquake wave,indicates that the responses of vehicle and bridge are evidently amplifier under earthquake wave,and running security is greatly lowered.
The dynamical responses of the vehicle-bridge system by earthquake strength, earthquake frequency,train velocity and pier height,are analyzed.The results are different for different earthquake wave,so the earthquake wave should be selected by factual geology condition.The dynamical responses are greater with higher earthquake wave strength,and lower with higher earthquake frequency for the same earthquake wave.
At last running security circumscription map of high-speed railway during earthquake in different geology condition is discussed according to running evaluation, which can provide a reference to practice engineering design.
引文
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