超声波缺陷检测方法应用研究
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摘要
本文首先对超声波检测的发展做了一个较全面的论述,并介绍了超声波检测基本原理以及超声波在介质中的传播特点。
用物理实验方法对超声波无损检测的准确性进行了探讨,通过数据分析得到了以声时为主并以震幅和频率作为辅助手段可以比较好的判断和分析混凝土特性的结论。介绍了统计学方法、PSD判据法在作为缺陷判定方法时的使用方法,根据缺陷性质、体积大小与PSD判据的关系,建立了缺陷为夹层、空洞、以及蜂窝或其它介质填充等几种PSD临界判定表达式,并根据各测点实测PSD判据与PSD临界值进行比较来判定缺陷。
通过比较统计学方法和PSD方法对于缺陷大小不同的两种物理模型的检测结果。提出使用多因素判据法(NFP法)综合声时、声幅、频率作为参数对缺陷进行判定时能够提高缺陷检测的精度同时降低误判值。通过对钻孔对测法测定裂缝深度实验模拟及分析,得到使用声幅作为检测裂缝深度判据时,具有较好效果的结论。
基于小波变换原理和特点,运用冲击回波法检测裂缝深度,通过对采集到的信号进行小波变换,提取反映裂缝缺陷的有效特征信息。并通过对不含杂质及含杂质两类实验研究结果表明,将小波变换方法应用于裂缝的检测,能够更好的对裂缝进行判别和分析。并将误差率控制在5%以下。
最后总结分析了超声波缺陷检测方法中还需进一步研究讨论的问题。
This paper discusses ultrasonic wave nondestructive test in details for the first time, then it introduces the basic principles of the ultrasonic test and the features of ultrasonic wave spreading among concrete medium,
Validate in the text the accuracy of the concrete ultrasonic wave nondestructive test by way of physical experiments. Through the data analysis, we can estimate and analyze well the sound can be better judged and analysis of concrete properties, amplitude and frequency can be used as supplementary meansof. The text introduced that statistical methods and PSD as the fashion of defect testing. By means of the relation between the nature, degree, ranges of defect and PSD criteria, Set up in the text an expression formula of critical criterion, at the time of several kinds of defects an fault, cavity , and the honeycomb or the cavity clogged by other medium, etc. through critical judging value and relational expression between the sizes of various kinds of defects and criteria value, with the comparison between them and their real calculated value.
Though the expression using the data of test judged the defect between the two different model. Then propose using the multi-factor criterion method (NFP) integrated voice, amplitude and frequency as a parameter to determine the defect, acquired good experimental results. Though experimental simulation of bored on the measurement method determination of crack depth. That is better if using amplitude as the criterion for detecting of crack depth.
Based on the character of wavelet transform theory, the impact-echo method is used to detect cracks. The collected signal is analyzed by the wavelet transform. The characteristic information of cracks is picked out. The investigation indicates that the application of wavelet analysis to the cracks faults detecting can make the fault character more clear. Though the impurity-free of impurities and containing two types of experimental results show that, wavelet transform theory has been applied to crack detection, and better identification of analysis of crack.. Error rate can be controlled at below 5%.
Ultimately, the features and existing problem of ultrasonic wave nondestructive test. Furthermore, talk about the problem that need study more.
用物理实验方法对超声波无损检测的准确性进行了探讨,通过数据分析得到了以声时为主并以震幅和频率作为辅助手段可以比较好的判断和分析混凝土特性的结论。介绍了统计学方法、PSD判据法在作为缺陷判定方法时的使用方法,根据缺陷性质、体积大小与PSD判据的关系,建立了缺陷为夹层、空洞、以及蜂窝或其它介质填充等几种PSD临界判定表达式,并根据各测点实测PSD判据与PSD临界值进行比较来判定缺陷。
通过比较统计学方法和PSD方法对于缺陷大小不同的两种物理模型的检测结果。提出使用多因素判据法(NFP法)综合声时、声幅、频率作为参数对缺陷进行判定时能够提高缺陷检测的精度同时降低误判值。通过对钻孔对测法测定裂缝深度实验模拟及分析,得到使用声幅作为检测裂缝深度判据时,具有较好效果的结论。
基于小波变换原理和特点,运用冲击回波法检测裂缝深度,通过对采集到的信号进行小波变换,提取反映裂缝缺陷的有效特征信息。并通过对不含杂质及含杂质两类实验研究结果表明,将小波变换方法应用于裂缝的检测,能够更好的对裂缝进行判别和分析。并将误差率控制在5%以下。
最后总结分析了超声波缺陷检测方法中还需进一步研究讨论的问题。
This paper discusses ultrasonic wave nondestructive test in details for the first time, then it introduces the basic principles of the ultrasonic test and the features of ultrasonic wave spreading among concrete medium,
Validate in the text the accuracy of the concrete ultrasonic wave nondestructive test by way of physical experiments. Through the data analysis, we can estimate and analyze well the sound can be better judged and analysis of concrete properties, amplitude and frequency can be used as supplementary meansof. The text introduced that statistical methods and PSD as the fashion of defect testing. By means of the relation between the nature, degree, ranges of defect and PSD criteria, Set up in the text an expression formula of critical criterion, at the time of several kinds of defects an fault, cavity , and the honeycomb or the cavity clogged by other medium, etc. through critical judging value and relational expression between the sizes of various kinds of defects and criteria value, with the comparison between them and their real calculated value.
Though the expression using the data of test judged the defect between the two different model. Then propose using the multi-factor criterion method (NFP) integrated voice, amplitude and frequency as a parameter to determine the defect, acquired good experimental results. Though experimental simulation of bored on the measurement method determination of crack depth. That is better if using amplitude as the criterion for detecting of crack depth.
Based on the character of wavelet transform theory, the impact-echo method is used to detect cracks. The collected signal is analyzed by the wavelet transform. The characteristic information of cracks is picked out. The investigation indicates that the application of wavelet analysis to the cracks faults detecting can make the fault character more clear. Though the impurity-free of impurities and containing two types of experimental results show that, wavelet transform theory has been applied to crack detection, and better identification of analysis of crack.. Error rate can be controlled at below 5%.
Ultimately, the features and existing problem of ultrasonic wave nondestructive test. Furthermore, talk about the problem that need study more.
引文
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[33]郭素杰.超声波多参数综合分析法在基桩检测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,1999,(1):45-47
[34]刘镇清,陈广.超声无损检测中的谱分析技术[J].无损检测,2001,23(2):10-11
[35]袁善杭,殷金栋,郑树寅.混凝土裂缝深度检测技术研究[J].建筑设计,2006,35(1):90-92
[36]尹明干,刘汉西.超声波检测混凝土缺陷的实验研究[J].盐城工学院学报,2007,20(3):117-119
[37]袁群,李斌,耿烨.超声波检测桩基质量的模糊综合分析[J].郑州工业大学学报,1999,20(3):89-90
[38]沈国伟,吴瑞潜.关于提高超声法检测混凝土技术准确度的探讨[J].传感器技术,2000:22-23
[39]魏宪发,石冬梅,范中山.浅谈PSD判据法在超声波透射法检测桩技术中的研究应用[J].黑龙江交通科技,2000:71-73
[40]黄志伟,陈久照.模糊综合评判在超声波测桩中的应用[J].广东土木与建筑,2007,11:82-84
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[42]张永乐,杨建超,唐德高.混凝土中超声波波速特征检验研究[J].河海大学学报,2008,36(3):100-102
[43]张小琼,林维正.小波包分析在混凝土检测中的应用[J].无损检测,2001,16(7):82-84
[44]袁海英 陈光瑀.小波分析在信号奇异性检测中的应用[J].电讯技术,2006,3:104-105
[45]童寿兴,张晓燕,金元.超声波首波相位反转法检测混凝土裂缝深度[J].建筑材料学报,1998,1(3):287-290
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[2]“新编混凝土无损检测技术”编写组.新编混凝土无损检测技术.北京:中国环境出版社,2002,24-80
[3]陈国栋.超声波在混凝土桩基础无损检测中的应用研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[4]阎光辉,何荣裕.基桩完整性PSD.v.A综合判断法[J].岩土工程界,5(1):192-193
[5]陈凡,徐天平,陈久照.基桩质量检测技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[6]张宏.灌注桩检测与处理[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[7]吴增伟.桩身混凝土声波透射法实验研究[D].广东:广东工业大学,2005
[8]王靖涛.桩基应力波检测理论及工程应用[M].地震出版社,1999
[9]国家建筑工程质量监督检验中心.混凝土无损检测技术[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1996.2(3),222-226
[10]曹茂森.基于动力指纹小波分析的结构损伤特征提取与辨识基本问题研究[D]南京河海大学,2004.1(2)
[11]杜世通.弹性波动力学[M]北京:石油大学出版社:1996:46-53
[12]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版),清华大学出版社:2000
[13]于开平,邹经湘,杨炳渊.小波函数的性质及其应用研究[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,32(2):36-39.
[14]濮存亭,孙刚柱.超声波平测法检测混凝土裂缝深度测试方法实验研究[J].2007:55-59
[15]许波,刘征.MATLAB工程数学应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:120-133
[16]仝秋红.混凝土中超声波传播方式研究[J].中国公路学报,1998:27-28
[17]朱光明,李庆春,胡建平.数字信号分析与处理[M].陕西:陕西人民教育出版社2003年:418-439
[18]林维正,苏勇,洪有根.混凝土裂缝深度超声波检测方法[J].无损检测,2001:114-115
[19]沈国伟,吴瑞潜.关于提高超声法检测混凝土技术准确度的探讨[J].研究动杰,2000:23-25
[20]王军波.关于超声法检测混凝土缺陷技术中如何提高声速测量准确度的探讨[J].建筑技术开发,1998:177-178
[21]吴煌峰,张芳枝,梁志松.多种方法在混凝土灌注桩质量检测中的综合应用[J].西部探矿工程,2003:17-19
[22]杨世如.超声波透射法在钻孔灌注桩检测中的应用.上海地质,2003,4:22-24
[23]WeiDu L.Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Ultrasonic Testing Singal Concrete.NewYork:SACE,1992:192-193
[24]Dennis A.Larry D O.Advanced NDT methods for evaluating concrete bridges and other structures[J].NDT&International,1995,28(6):79-81
[25]Diamond S,Young J F.Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray analysis of cement constitutes some cautoons[J].Cem Conc Res,1994:899-914
[26]Dieulesaint E.and Royer D.Elastics waves in solids;Application to signal processing[J],Tr.by A.Bastin and M.Motz Chichester,Wiley,1980:723-726
[27]蔡裕恩超声波透射法在混凝土灌注桩检测中的应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(3):33-35
[28]傅竹武,王鑫.混凝土构件缺陷超声无损检测的研究[J].混凝土构件缺陷超声无损检测的研究湖北.武汉 NDT 学术年会论文集 2007:99-101
[29]殷建武,李晓明.超声波法在桩基无损检测中的应用[J].科技信息:2007,(19):27-39
[30]方小兵,王公正.超声波透射法检测水泥模块的缺陷[J].物理实验:2007,27(5):77-78
[31]董清华.混凝土无损检测方法评述[J].五邑大学学报(自然科学版),2005,19(1):4-6
[32]罗斌.综合判定方法在超声波测桩中的应用[J].湖南工业职业技术学院学报,2005:22-24
[33]郭素杰.超声波多参数综合分析法在基桩检测中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,1999,(1):45-47
[34]刘镇清,陈广.超声无损检测中的谱分析技术[J].无损检测,2001,23(2):10-11
[35]袁善杭,殷金栋,郑树寅.混凝土裂缝深度检测技术研究[J].建筑设计,2006,35(1):90-92
[36]尹明干,刘汉西.超声波检测混凝土缺陷的实验研究[J].盐城工学院学报,2007,20(3):117-119
[37]袁群,李斌,耿烨.超声波检测桩基质量的模糊综合分析[J].郑州工业大学学报,1999,20(3):89-90
[38]沈国伟,吴瑞潜.关于提高超声法检测混凝土技术准确度的探讨[J].传感器技术,2000:22-23
[39]魏宪发,石冬梅,范中山.浅谈PSD判据法在超声波透射法检测桩技术中的研究应用[J].黑龙江交通科技,2000:71-73
[40]黄志伟,陈久照.模糊综合评判在超声波测桩中的应用[J].广东土木与建筑,2007,11:82-84
[41]闰光辉.钻孔灌注桩超声波法检测实践[J].无损检测,2006,11(3):61-64
[42]张永乐,杨建超,唐德高.混凝土中超声波波速特征检验研究[J].河海大学学报,2008,36(3):100-102
[43]张小琼,林维正.小波包分析在混凝土检测中的应用[J].无损检测,2001,16(7):82-84
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