双排桩支护结构在高边坡工程中应用分析与研究
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摘要
目前,制约延安城市发展的一大主要因素是其所处的黄土高原梁峁地形。狭长的川道和错落的峁梁直接导致延安市建设用地日益紧张、市区逐渐向川道两旁坡地延伸,由此带来的建筑边坡安全成了重点关注的问题。
双排桩作为一种新型支护结构,凭借其具备的诸多优良特点使这一工法已在南方及沿海地区得到较为广泛的应用。但当下关于双排桩支护结构的理论研究尚落后于实践应用,尤其在黄土梁峁地区的相关研究与应用更加不够成熟。
本文根据双排桩支护结构的研究现状,主要进行了以下研究工作：首先,整理并总结了现有边坡稳定性计算的极限平衡法与数值分析法,并应用数值分析法中的有限元法对延安马家湾小区某开挖整平形成的边坡的稳定性进行分析论证,同时确定边坡具体的稳定安全系数值；其次,将双排桩支护结构引入延安马家湾小区1#地块高边坡支护工程中,借助ANSYS10.0有限元程序建立模型进行模拟分析,将有限元计算结果与理论计算结果进行对比,二者计算结果吻合较好,证明本文双排桩计算方法是可行的；最后,本文对影响其性能的主要要因素如桩距、连梁刚度、桩长及主动区、被动区和桩间土体加固等进行了分析讨论,得出了一系列重要结论,从而为双排桩支护结构在延安及其它黄土地区的应用与推广提供了有益的参考。
Currently,the main factor that restrict the development of Yanan is the location of the loess plateau. Narrow ditch and the ridge strewning at random derectly cause the shortage of land for construction purposes, as well as the urban extend to the sides of road. As a result,the security of slope engineering become widesprade concern.
Double-row piles, as a kind of new engineering measure, has been used windly in the south regions and coastal areas due to lots of excellent characteristics.But resently,the research of double-row piles supporting structure is behind of the application in engineering, especially in loess areas.
According to the research status of double-row pile supporting structure, following work has been done:first, organize and summarize the existing slope stability calculation methods named limit equilibrium method and numerical analysis method, and the finite element method-one of the limit equilibrium method-is applied to the stability analysis of excavation leveling formation of slope in Yanan, for purpose of determining the specific value of slope safety factor; Second, use double row pile supporting structure in the high slop retaining engineering of Majiawan in Yanan. Modeling by finite element program ANSYS10.0 and simulating. We compared the finite element calculation result with the theoretical calculation results.The well fitted result can prove that the double-row pile calculation method is feasible. Finally, some main influencing factors of double-row pile such as the space of rows、stiffness of the joining beam、the length of pile,as well as the reinforce depth of active area、passive area and soil between the tow rows, were analyzed and discussed. At the same time,a series of important conclusion is obtained, which provide the beneficial reference for the application and popularization of double-row pile supporting structure in Yanan and other loess areas.
双排桩作为一种新型支护结构,凭借其具备的诸多优良特点使这一工法已在南方及沿海地区得到较为广泛的应用。但当下关于双排桩支护结构的理论研究尚落后于实践应用,尤其在黄土梁峁地区的相关研究与应用更加不够成熟。
本文根据双排桩支护结构的研究现状,主要进行了以下研究工作：首先,整理并总结了现有边坡稳定性计算的极限平衡法与数值分析法,并应用数值分析法中的有限元法对延安马家湾小区某开挖整平形成的边坡的稳定性进行分析论证,同时确定边坡具体的稳定安全系数值；其次,将双排桩支护结构引入延安马家湾小区1#地块高边坡支护工程中,借助ANSYS10.0有限元程序建立模型进行模拟分析,将有限元计算结果与理论计算结果进行对比,二者计算结果吻合较好,证明本文双排桩计算方法是可行的；最后,本文对影响其性能的主要要因素如桩距、连梁刚度、桩长及主动区、被动区和桩间土体加固等进行了分析讨论,得出了一系列重要结论,从而为双排桩支护结构在延安及其它黄土地区的应用与推广提供了有益的参考。
Currently,the main factor that restrict the development of Yanan is the location of the loess plateau. Narrow ditch and the ridge strewning at random derectly cause the shortage of land for construction purposes, as well as the urban extend to the sides of road. As a result,the security of slope engineering become widesprade concern.
Double-row piles, as a kind of new engineering measure, has been used windly in the south regions and coastal areas due to lots of excellent characteristics.But resently,the research of double-row piles supporting structure is behind of the application in engineering, especially in loess areas.
According to the research status of double-row pile supporting structure, following work has been done:first, organize and summarize the existing slope stability calculation methods named limit equilibrium method and numerical analysis method, and the finite element method-one of the limit equilibrium method-is applied to the stability analysis of excavation leveling formation of slope in Yanan, for purpose of determining the specific value of slope safety factor; Second, use double row pile supporting structure in the high slop retaining engineering of Majiawan in Yanan. Modeling by finite element program ANSYS10.0 and simulating. We compared the finite element calculation result with the theoretical calculation results.The well fitted result can prove that the double-row pile calculation method is feasible. Finally, some main influencing factors of double-row pile such as the space of rows、stiffness of the joining beam、the length of pile,as well as the reinforce depth of active area、passive area and soil between the tow rows, were analyzed and discussed. At the same time,a series of important conclusion is obtained, which provide the beneficial reference for the application and popularization of double-row pile supporting structure in Yanan and other loess areas.
引文
[1]铁道部科学研究院西北分院.抗滑桩的合理配置及整体稳定性分析.铁道部科学研究院研究报告[R].1999
[2]赵明阶,何光春,王多垠.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[3]建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].GB50330-2002
[4]应宏伟,初振环,李冰河.双排桩支护结构的计算方法研究及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6)：1145-1150
[5]江学梁.用Bishop法自动搜索某高速公路边坡最危险滑动面[J].湖南城市学院学报,2006.9：5-8
[6]刘钊.双排桩支护结构的分析及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(9)：116-131
[7]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨[J].地基处理,1993,4(3)：42-47
[8]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与分析[J].华北石油设计,1993,1：19-24
[9]林栋.用双排灌注桩作深基坑维护结构的尝试[J].建筑施工,1994,4：18-19
[10]平杨,白世伟,曹俊坚.深基双排桩空间协同计算理论及位移分析[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(2)：79-83
[11]蔡袁强,赵永倩,吴世明等.软土地基深基坑中双排桩式维护结构有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(4)：79-83
[12]程知言,裘慰伦,张可能.双排桩支护结构设计计算方法探讨[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2)：87-93
[13]王湛,刘冰花.双排桩计算方法探讨[J].东北地震研究[J].2000,17(2)：64-68
[14]邓小鹏,陈征宙,韦杰.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的数值结构与工程应用[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：42-47
[15]郑刚,李欣,刘畅等.考虑桩土相互作用的双排桩分析[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：99-106
[16]陆培毅,杨靖,韩丽君.双排桩尺寸效应的有限元应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(8)：963-967
[17]张富军.双排桩支护结构研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2004
[18]顾问天.深基坑双排桩支护结构的研究[D].北京：铁道科学研究院,2007
[19]余志成,施文华.深基坑护坡桩技术的几项新发现[J].建筑技术,1995,21：272-279
[20]Phillip S.K. Ooi, M, ASCE. Simplified Lateral Load Analyses of Fixed-Head Piles and Pile Groups[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003,vol 130, Issue 11,pp.1140-1151
[21]Dohry Ricardo.Single Piles in Lateral Spreads.Field Bending Moment Evaluation[J].Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003,vol 129, Issue 10, pp.879-889
[22]Ilyas. T.Gentrifuge Model Study of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering. Mar2004, Vol 130, Issue 3,pp.274-283
[23]Bose S K, Som N N. Parametric study of a braced cut by finite element method[J].Computer and Geotechnics,1998,22(2):91-107
[24]On C Y, Chiou D C, Wu T S.Three-dimesional finite element analysis of deep excavations[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1996,8(4):337-345
[25]Masatoshi Sawaguchi.Lateral Behavior of A Double Sheet Pile Wall Structure[J].Soils and Foundations.1974(1),p45-59
[26]大倔晃一等.二重矢板式构造物力学特性研究[R].日本港湾技术研究所报告,1984,23(1)
[27]Takemura, J. Kondoh, M. Esaki, T. Kouda, M.and Kusakabe, O. Centrifuge Model Tests on Double Propped Wall Excavation in Soft Clay. Soils and Foundations.1999, Vol 39, No 3,pp.75-87
[28]菊池喜昭等.固化处理土中二重矢板护岸构造特性[R].日本港湾技术研究所报告,第997号,2001
[29]黄强.建筑基坑支护技术规程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[30]韩冰.延安地区建筑边坡稳定性分析及抗滑桩加固研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[31]周小波.极限平衡法边坡稳定性快速分析和土压力计算的Z理论[D].中南大学,2008
[32]赵均海,王敏强,魏雪英.高等有限元[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2004
[33]王勋成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[34]李琦.黄土高边坡稳定可靠性分析[D].西北农林科技大学,2008
[35]郑颖人,赵尚毅.时卫民,王敬林.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3),343-346
[36]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡和岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19),3381-3383
[37]刘军,王正中,牟声远.有限元重力加大法计算边坡安全系数[J].路基工程,2008,5,130-133
[38]唐亚明,杨明成,胡艳香.重度增加法在某公路边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(3)：154-157
[39]郑颖人,赵尚毅.宋雅坤.有限元强度折减法研究进展[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,3,1-6
[40]《延安马家湾小区1#地块边坡勘察报告》(详勘阶段).西安工程地质勘测公司,2007
[41]李红云,赵社戊,孙雁.ANSYS10.0基础及工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2008
[42]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].兵器工业出版社,2006
[43]杨晶.双排桩支护结构的数值分析[D].天津：天津大学
[44]李奇逊,陈景辉,张建基,齐志刚.悬臂双排桩深基坑支护新体系的研究与应用[J].施工技术,2008,37(1)：18-20
[45]杨钦发.双排支护结构若干问题的探讨[J].广东建材,2007,5：21-25
[46]廖丽萍,王启智.水平荷载作用下分层土体群桩复合地基中圆桩与方桩的变形性状[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(3)：113-121
[47]BASU D, SALGADO R. Analysis of laterally load piles with Rectangular Cross Section Emdedded in Multituyered Soil[J].International Joural for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 2008,32(7):721-744
[48]FUKUI J. Calculating Method of Reactions of Columnal Foundations[J].Technical Informatio of Civil Engineering,1997,39(12):20-25
[49]刘建航,侯学渊.基坑工程手册[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[50]葛建国,宋连海,孙骄,赖欢欢.双排悬臂支护桩受力机理分析[J].沈阳建筑工程学院学报,2003,19(2)：98-100
[51]顾问天.深基坑双排支护结构的研究[D].铁道科学研究院,2007
[52]彭振斌.注浆工程设计计算与施工[MJ.中国地质大学出版社,1997
[53]杨小平.土力学与基础工程[M].武汉大学出版社,2000
[54]聂庆科,梁金国,韩立君,白冰.深基坑双排桩支护结构设计理论与应用[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[2]赵明阶,何光春,王多垠.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[3]建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].GB50330-2002
[4]应宏伟,初振环,李冰河.双排桩支护结构的计算方法研究及工程应用[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6)：1145-1150
[5]江学梁.用Bishop法自动搜索某高速公路边坡最危险滑动面[J].湖南城市学院学报,2006.9：5-8
[6]刘钊.双排桩支护结构的分析及试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(9)：116-131
[7]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与探讨[J].地基处理,1993,4(3)：42-47
[8]张弘.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的应用与分析[J].华北石油设计,1993,1：19-24
[9]林栋.用双排灌注桩作深基坑维护结构的尝试[J].建筑施工,1994,4：18-19
[10]平杨,白世伟,曹俊坚.深基双排桩空间协同计算理论及位移分析[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(2)：79-83
[11]蔡袁强,赵永倩,吴世明等.软土地基深基坑中双排桩式维护结构有限元分析[J].浙江大学学报,1997,31(4)：79-83
[12]程知言,裘慰伦,张可能.双排桩支护结构设计计算方法探讨[J].地质与勘探,2001,37(2)：87-93
[13]王湛,刘冰花.双排桩计算方法探讨[J].东北地震研究[J].2000,17(2)：64-68
[14]邓小鹏,陈征宙,韦杰.深基坑开挖中双排桩支护结构的数值结构与工程应用[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：42-47
[15]郑刚,李欣,刘畅等.考虑桩土相互作用的双排桩分析[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(1)：99-106
[16]陆培毅,杨靖,韩丽君.双排桩尺寸效应的有限元应用[J].天津大学学报,2006,39(8)：963-967
[17]张富军.双排桩支护结构研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2004
[18]顾问天.深基坑双排桩支护结构的研究[D].北京：铁道科学研究院,2007
[19]余志成,施文华.深基坑护坡桩技术的几项新发现[J].建筑技术,1995,21：272-279
[20]Phillip S.K. Ooi, M, ASCE. Simplified Lateral Load Analyses of Fixed-Head Piles and Pile Groups[J]. Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003,vol 130, Issue 11,pp.1140-1151
[21]Dohry Ricardo.Single Piles in Lateral Spreads.Field Bending Moment Evaluation[J].Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering, Oot2003,vol 129, Issue 10, pp.879-889
[22]Ilyas. T.Gentrifuge Model Study of Laterally Loaded Pile Groups in Clay[J].Journal of Geotechnical & Geoenvironment Engineering. Mar2004, Vol 130, Issue 3,pp.274-283
[23]Bose S K, Som N N. Parametric study of a braced cut by finite element method[J].Computer and Geotechnics,1998,22(2):91-107
[24]On C Y, Chiou D C, Wu T S.Three-dimesional finite element analysis of deep excavations[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1996,8(4):337-345
[25]Masatoshi Sawaguchi.Lateral Behavior of A Double Sheet Pile Wall Structure[J].Soils and Foundations.1974(1),p45-59
[26]大倔晃一等.二重矢板式构造物力学特性研究[R].日本港湾技术研究所报告,1984,23(1)
[27]Takemura, J. Kondoh, M. Esaki, T. Kouda, M.and Kusakabe, O. Centrifuge Model Tests on Double Propped Wall Excavation in Soft Clay. Soils and Foundations.1999, Vol 39, No 3,pp.75-87
[28]菊池喜昭等.固化处理土中二重矢板护岸构造特性[R].日本港湾技术研究所报告,第997号,2001
[29]黄强.建筑基坑支护技术规程应用手册[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[30]韩冰.延安地区建筑边坡稳定性分析及抗滑桩加固研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[31]周小波.极限平衡法边坡稳定性快速分析和土压力计算的Z理论[D].中南大学,2008
[32]赵均海,王敏强,魏雪英.高等有限元[M].武汉理工大学出版社,2004
[33]王勋成.有限单元法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2003
[34]李琦.黄土高边坡稳定可靠性分析[D].西北农林科技大学,2008
[35]郑颖人,赵尚毅.时卫民,王敬林.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(3),343-346
[36]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡和岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19),3381-3383
[37]刘军,王正中,牟声远.有限元重力加大法计算边坡安全系数[J].路基工程,2008,5,130-133
[38]唐亚明,杨明成,胡艳香.重度增加法在某公路边坡稳定性分析中的应用[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(3)：154-157
[39]郑颖人,赵尚毅.宋雅坤.有限元强度折减法研究进展[J].后勤工程学院学报,2005,3,1-6
[40]《延安马家湾小区1#地块边坡勘察报告》(详勘阶段).西安工程地质勘测公司,2007
[41]李红云,赵社戊,孙雁.ANSYS10.0基础及工程应用[M].机械工业出版社,2008
[42]段进,倪栋,王国业.ANSYS10.0结构分析从入门到精通[M].兵器工业出版社,2006
[43]杨晶.双排桩支护结构的数值分析[D].天津：天津大学
[44]李奇逊,陈景辉,张建基,齐志刚.悬臂双排桩深基坑支护新体系的研究与应用[J].施工技术,2008,37(1)：18-20
[45]杨钦发.双排支护结构若干问题的探讨[J].广东建材,2007,5：21-25
[46]廖丽萍,王启智.水平荷载作用下分层土体群桩复合地基中圆桩与方桩的变形性状[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2008,25(3)：113-121
[47]BASU D, SALGADO R. Analysis of laterally load piles with Rectangular Cross Section Emdedded in Multituyered Soil[J].International Joural for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics. 2008,32(7):721-744
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