考虑气动特性和热特性的车灯造型设计方法研究
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摘要
汽车灯具是汽车主动安全性的重要功能部件,具有照明和指示信号的作用;也是汽车造型的重要组成部分,是汽车造型设计的“传神”窗口和点睛之笔。有关车灯的设计方法研究,主要集中在车灯结构设计、车灯电子控制设计和车灯光源设计等方面,很少涉及车灯造型设计。车灯造型设计影响车灯的结构、整车的造型美学和气动特性等。目前的车灯造型设计是以整车造型设计方案确定车灯主体形状为前提,以美学为基础,满足功能需求和实现造型美观为目标的。由于缺乏量化的指标,难以应用现代设计的手段。因此,有必要对车灯造型设计方法进行研究,以利于设计方法的工程化。
论文针对车灯设计的现状,开展了考虑气动特性和热特性的车灯造型设计方法研究,目的是将计算机辅助工程分析方法应用到车灯造型设计中。这样不仅改变以往车灯造型设计依赖经验的局面,便于车灯造型设计的工程化,而且有利于车灯造型与整车造型的协调一致,有利于提高整车的气动特性。本文的主要工作和成果如下:
1.车灯造型设计美学规律的研究。产品造型设计的美学评价,由于其不确定性、复杂性和变化性等因素,与之相关的研究甚少。本文以汽车前照灯为研究对象,分析现有成功的车灯造型设计案例,结合认知学、形态学、产品语义学和美学等相关知识,提出了车灯造型设计的美学规律,表现为“吸引人”,具体表现方法有认知性、功能美、创新性、象征性、幽默感和形式美等。这不仅对评价和指导具体的车灯造型设计活动具有意义,而且是车灯造型参数研究中的参数提取与分析的基础。
2.车灯造型设计方法的研究。针对目前车灯造型设计存在的缺乏量化指标、难以应用现代设计手段的问题,本文应用计算机辅助工程方法,结合美学,考虑汽车空气动力学,总结出车灯造型的三类设计参数,即主动性导流设计参数、辅助性导流设计参数以及干涉性设计参数,在此基础上提出了车灯造型设计方法,给出了车灯造型参数设计平台,以利于设计方法的工程化。
3.车灯造型对汽车气动阻力影响的研究。车灯造型对汽车气动阻力的影响非常复杂,因此本文提出了“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”,来研究车灯造型对汽车气动阻力的影响,以尽量减少由车灯造型引起的汽车气动阻力的变化,同时可以指导与车灯造型有关的车身造型、导风带等的设计。论文给出了车灯造型参数优化分析的基本方法,并总结出车灯气动造型的优化准则。
4.车灯造型对车灯温度场影响的研究。论文对车灯内部温度场进行数值模拟,得到车灯温度场分布结果,分析总结出车灯内部温度场分布规律。在此基础上,提出了基于“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”的车灯温度场快速分析模型,以研究车灯造型对车灯温度场的影响。论文以某一前照灯造型设计为例,数值模拟得到车灯表面的温度分布和外流场对不同车灯造型的散热效果。
5.试验研究。对不同车灯造型参数的汽车模型进行风洞试验。分别采用不同的流速,研究不同雷诺数对汽车模型的阻力系数的影响;测量不同车灯造型参数的汽车模型的阻力系数和表面压力分布情况,验证了本文所提出的“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”的有效性及数值模拟的正确性。论文同时进行了外流场对车灯的散热实验,测量了外流场不同状态下的某一具体前照灯点亮时的散热效果,有效地说明了车灯造型对车灯温度场影响的意义。
随着汽车工业的发展,车灯的发展也日新月异。本文主要研究了车灯造型对美学造型、汽车气动特性和车灯温度场的影响,只是车灯设计中的小部分。关于车灯的研究,还可以研究建立更为合理的分析模型,研究LED新型光源在前照灯中的应用等。
Automotive lamp, which has the function of lighting and signal indicating, is an important functional component of automotive active security. It is also an important integral component of automotive modeling design, making the lifelike window and finishing point of automotive modeling design. Studies on automotive lamp are mainly about the structural design, electronic control design and light source of lamp, but scarcity on modeling design of automotive lamp. Modeling design of automotive lamp affects structure of automotive lamp, aesthetics of automotive modeling design and automotive aerodynamic characteristics. Present modeling design of automotive lamp aims at meeting functional demand and aesthetic modeling on the premise of automotive modeling design deciding the main shape of automotive lamp and based on aesthetic principle. As lack of quantitative target, it is difficult to apply modern design method. So it is necessary to study modeling design method in automotive lamp, which is good for making method of lamp design engineering.
In cognizance of the actuality of design of automotive lamp, the paper carries out research on modeling design method in automotive lamp considering aerodynamic characteristics and thermal performance, with the purpose of applying the computer-aided engineering analysis method to modeling design of automotive lamp. It not only changes the experience-dependent situation of previous modeling design of automotive lamp, which is convenient to modeling design engineering, but also makes for harmonizing modeling of automotive lamp with automotive modeling design and improves automotive aerodynamic characteristics. The main works and research results in this paper are summarized as following:
1. Research on aesthetic principle of modeling design of automotive lamp. On account of indeterminacy, complexity and variability, there are few studies on aesthetic evaluation of product modeling design. Therefore, this paper studies of automotive headlamp, analyses existing successful modeling design of automotive lamp, combining cognization, morphology, product semantics and aesthetics, presents aesthetic principle of modeling design of automotive lamp, that is attractive, and specific method of expression are cognization-based, functional beauty, innovation, symbol, sense of humor and formal beauty. Not only it has the meaning of evaluating and guide modeling design of automotive lamp, but also it's the base of picking up and analyzing parameters in the study of modeling design of automotive lamp.
2. Research on design method of automotive lamp modeling. To the existing problem in modeling design of automotive lamp that lack of quantitative target and difficult to apply modern design method, this paper applies the computer-aided engineering method, combining aesthetics and automotive aerodynamics, summarizes three sorts of parameters of automotive headlamp modeling, namely active guide parameter, subsidiary guide parameter and interferential parameter, and presents a designd mathod of automotive lamp modeling, and gives out a design platform for parameters of modeling of automotive lamp, which makes for method of lamp design engineering.
3. Research on analytical model for automotive aerodynamic drag combining aesthetics. The effect of modeling design of automotive lamp on automotive aerodynamic drag is very complex. Thus, this paper puts forward 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' to study the effect of modeling of automotive lamp on automotive aerodynamic drag, with the purpose of minimizing the change of automotive aerodynamic drag coursed by modeling of automotive lamp, and guiding the design related to modeling of automotive lamp, such as automotive modeling design and guide zone design. It presents the basic method of optimal analysis for modeling parameters of automotive lamp and summarizes the rules of headlamp aerodynamic modeling optimization.
4. Research on the effect of modeling on temperature field of automotive lamp. This paper performs numerical simulaton of interior temperature field of one combined headlamp, gets the distribution of temperature field of headlamp and summarizes distributing rules. On that basis, the paper presents fast analysis model of temperature field of headlamp based on 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' to study the effect of modeling on temperature field. It take one modeling design of headlamp for example, gets the distribution of temperature of surface and improved thermal performance of external flow field to different modeling of headlamp.
5. Experimental investigations. It carries out wind tunnel tests of automotive model with different parametric modeling of automotive lamp. It does the research on the effect of different Reynolds number on drag coefficient of automotive model under different flow velocity. Also measures the drag coefficient and the distribution of surface pressure of automotive model with different parametric modeling of automotive lamp in order to validate the validity of 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' and the numerical simulation. The paper also performs heat discharge tests for automotive lamp about flow field around automotive. It measures heat discharge effect of a headlamp when lighting under different states of flow field around automotive, which shows research meaning of the effect of the modeling on temperature field of automotive lamp.
With the development of automotive industry, automotive lamp develops with each passing day. This paper has mainly studied the effect of modeling of automotive lamp on aesthetics, automotive aerodynamic characteristics and temperature field of automotive lamp, which is only one small part of the design of automotive lamp. The studies on automotive lamp would establish much more reasonable analysis model, the application of new light source LED in headlamp and so on.
论文针对车灯设计的现状,开展了考虑气动特性和热特性的车灯造型设计方法研究,目的是将计算机辅助工程分析方法应用到车灯造型设计中。这样不仅改变以往车灯造型设计依赖经验的局面,便于车灯造型设计的工程化,而且有利于车灯造型与整车造型的协调一致,有利于提高整车的气动特性。本文的主要工作和成果如下:
1.车灯造型设计美学规律的研究。产品造型设计的美学评价,由于其不确定性、复杂性和变化性等因素,与之相关的研究甚少。本文以汽车前照灯为研究对象,分析现有成功的车灯造型设计案例,结合认知学、形态学、产品语义学和美学等相关知识,提出了车灯造型设计的美学规律,表现为“吸引人”,具体表现方法有认知性、功能美、创新性、象征性、幽默感和形式美等。这不仅对评价和指导具体的车灯造型设计活动具有意义,而且是车灯造型参数研究中的参数提取与分析的基础。
2.车灯造型设计方法的研究。针对目前车灯造型设计存在的缺乏量化指标、难以应用现代设计手段的问题,本文应用计算机辅助工程方法,结合美学,考虑汽车空气动力学,总结出车灯造型的三类设计参数,即主动性导流设计参数、辅助性导流设计参数以及干涉性设计参数,在此基础上提出了车灯造型设计方法,给出了车灯造型参数设计平台,以利于设计方法的工程化。
3.车灯造型对汽车气动阻力影响的研究。车灯造型对汽车气动阻力的影响非常复杂,因此本文提出了“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”,来研究车灯造型对汽车气动阻力的影响,以尽量减少由车灯造型引起的汽车气动阻力的变化,同时可以指导与车灯造型有关的车身造型、导风带等的设计。论文给出了车灯造型参数优化分析的基本方法,并总结出车灯气动造型的优化准则。
4.车灯造型对车灯温度场影响的研究。论文对车灯内部温度场进行数值模拟,得到车灯温度场分布结果,分析总结出车灯内部温度场分布规律。在此基础上,提出了基于“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”的车灯温度场快速分析模型,以研究车灯造型对车灯温度场的影响。论文以某一前照灯造型设计为例,数值模拟得到车灯表面的温度分布和外流场对不同车灯造型的散热效果。
5.试验研究。对不同车灯造型参数的汽车模型进行风洞试验。分别采用不同的流速,研究不同雷诺数对汽车模型的阻力系数的影响;测量不同车灯造型参数的汽车模型的阻力系数和表面压力分布情况,验证了本文所提出的“考虑美学与气动阻力的车灯造型汽车外流场数值分析简化模型”的有效性及数值模拟的正确性。论文同时进行了外流场对车灯的散热实验,测量了外流场不同状态下的某一具体前照灯点亮时的散热效果,有效地说明了车灯造型对车灯温度场影响的意义。
随着汽车工业的发展,车灯的发展也日新月异。本文主要研究了车灯造型对美学造型、汽车气动特性和车灯温度场的影响,只是车灯设计中的小部分。关于车灯的研究,还可以研究建立更为合理的分析模型,研究LED新型光源在前照灯中的应用等。
Automotive lamp, which has the function of lighting and signal indicating, is an important functional component of automotive active security. It is also an important integral component of automotive modeling design, making the lifelike window and finishing point of automotive modeling design. Studies on automotive lamp are mainly about the structural design, electronic control design and light source of lamp, but scarcity on modeling design of automotive lamp. Modeling design of automotive lamp affects structure of automotive lamp, aesthetics of automotive modeling design and automotive aerodynamic characteristics. Present modeling design of automotive lamp aims at meeting functional demand and aesthetic modeling on the premise of automotive modeling design deciding the main shape of automotive lamp and based on aesthetic principle. As lack of quantitative target, it is difficult to apply modern design method. So it is necessary to study modeling design method in automotive lamp, which is good for making method of lamp design engineering.
In cognizance of the actuality of design of automotive lamp, the paper carries out research on modeling design method in automotive lamp considering aerodynamic characteristics and thermal performance, with the purpose of applying the computer-aided engineering analysis method to modeling design of automotive lamp. It not only changes the experience-dependent situation of previous modeling design of automotive lamp, which is convenient to modeling design engineering, but also makes for harmonizing modeling of automotive lamp with automotive modeling design and improves automotive aerodynamic characteristics. The main works and research results in this paper are summarized as following:
1. Research on aesthetic principle of modeling design of automotive lamp. On account of indeterminacy, complexity and variability, there are few studies on aesthetic evaluation of product modeling design. Therefore, this paper studies of automotive headlamp, analyses existing successful modeling design of automotive lamp, combining cognization, morphology, product semantics and aesthetics, presents aesthetic principle of modeling design of automotive lamp, that is attractive, and specific method of expression are cognization-based, functional beauty, innovation, symbol, sense of humor and formal beauty. Not only it has the meaning of evaluating and guide modeling design of automotive lamp, but also it's the base of picking up and analyzing parameters in the study of modeling design of automotive lamp.
2. Research on design method of automotive lamp modeling. To the existing problem in modeling design of automotive lamp that lack of quantitative target and difficult to apply modern design method, this paper applies the computer-aided engineering method, combining aesthetics and automotive aerodynamics, summarizes three sorts of parameters of automotive headlamp modeling, namely active guide parameter, subsidiary guide parameter and interferential parameter, and presents a designd mathod of automotive lamp modeling, and gives out a design platform for parameters of modeling of automotive lamp, which makes for method of lamp design engineering.
3. Research on analytical model for automotive aerodynamic drag combining aesthetics. The effect of modeling design of automotive lamp on automotive aerodynamic drag is very complex. Thus, this paper puts forward 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' to study the effect of modeling of automotive lamp on automotive aerodynamic drag, with the purpose of minimizing the change of automotive aerodynamic drag coursed by modeling of automotive lamp, and guiding the design related to modeling of automotive lamp, such as automotive modeling design and guide zone design. It presents the basic method of optimal analysis for modeling parameters of automotive lamp and summarizes the rules of headlamp aerodynamic modeling optimization.
4. Research on the effect of modeling on temperature field of automotive lamp. This paper performs numerical simulaton of interior temperature field of one combined headlamp, gets the distribution of temperature field of headlamp and summarizes distributing rules. On that basis, the paper presents fast analysis model of temperature field of headlamp based on 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' to study the effect of modeling on temperature field. It take one modeling design of headlamp for example, gets the distribution of temperature of surface and improved thermal performance of external flow field to different modeling of headlamp.
5. Experimental investigations. It carries out wind tunnel tests of automotive model with different parametric modeling of automotive lamp. It does the research on the effect of different Reynolds number on drag coefficient of automotive model under different flow velocity. Also measures the drag coefficient and the distribution of surface pressure of automotive model with different parametric modeling of automotive lamp in order to validate the validity of 'numerical analysis simplified model with flow field around the automobile for modeling of automotive lamp considering aesthetics and aerodynamic drag' and the numerical simulation. The paper also performs heat discharge tests for automotive lamp about flow field around automotive. It measures heat discharge effect of a headlamp when lighting under different states of flow field around automotive, which shows research meaning of the effect of the modeling on temperature field of automotive lamp.
With the development of automotive industry, automotive lamp develops with each passing day. This paper has mainly studied the effect of modeling of automotive lamp on aesthetics, automotive aerodynamic characteristics and temperature field of automotive lamp, which is only one small part of the design of automotive lamp. The studies on automotive lamp would establish much more reasonable analysis model, the application of new light source LED in headlamp and so on.
引文
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