粗集料表面微观构造分形性质探讨与沥青路面抗滑性能关系研究
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摘要
本文全面分析了国内外沥青路面抗滑性能研究概况,对影响路面抗滑性能的各种主、客观因素进行了归纳分析,提出在影响路面抗滑性能的众多因素中,粗集料的表面微观构造纹理是影响路面抗滑性能的关键影响因素之一,并给出了采用分形理论的基本方法进行粗集料表面微观纹理分维数测量、采集、计算分析的成套方法。
研制了一种粗集料微观纹理图象的测量、采集和分析计算的成套软、硬件测量分析系统,运用非接触式的激光三角成像测量原理,结合直流脉冲电机触发激光信号并记录横向位移的方法,由激光器发出的激光束在被测集料表面形成一均匀散射斑,散射斑反射点成像于激光器接受像面,得到物像的位移比例关系。采集软件采用通用的ActiveX控件和硬件系统之间进行通讯、控制和数据传输,结合本测量系统设备的基本原理和参数指标,提出了激光器、粗集料表面特征及测量环境等影响因素的误差水平,分别进行了改进优化,并对主要指标进行了标定和效验,对抗外界干扰能力及测量的重复性也进行了验证,最后在极端测量条件下对光滑的玻璃表面进行了实测分析,结果均表明测量系统数据稳定,误差均控制在可接受范围内,并对该系统的各类测量误差进行了全面的分析,认为该测量采集系统精度高、可靠、实用。经过实际测试应用,编制了具体的测试设备配置要求和可行的操作规程,可用于实际公路的检测。通过测量得到表面微观纹理图像后,引入分形理论进行粗集料表面微观纹理图象的分维数计算分析,采用盒子计数法和MATLAB平台编程对纹理图形进行分维数计算,并且分别采用纹理图象计算和采用图象所对应的曲线坐标数据进行计算两种方式进行分维数计算,通过对比分析,采用微观纹理图象计算分维数的方法计算结果敏感性好,不同类型石料计算结果差异明显,利于研究分析。同时,采用标准KOCH分形图象对该程序进行了标定和效验,结果也和理论计算值一致。
选取了路面工程常用的具有一定代表性的花岗岩、玄武岩、闪长岩、辉绿岩等粗集料进行实测计算,为了后续进一步对比研究,选取了其中的花岗岩和玄武岩两类石料进行跟踪测量,同时为了研究同一类型石料不同产地之间的差异情况,选取了两个地区的辉绿岩进行了对比。所选取的粗集料表面纹理分维值从大到小依次为:玄武岩,闪长岩,花岗岩和辉绿岩,两个不同产地的辉绿岩的维数也存在一定差异,因此在选材的时候,对同一类石料也应该进行详细对比,找出差异。
通过对两条高速公路沥青路面抗滑表层采用的花岗岩和玄武岩的跟踪实测,初步掌握了其石料表面纹理衰减情况,微观纹理分维数D值均出现约8%的递减。另一方面,也进行了路面横向力系数SFC值的跟踪实测,横向力系数SFC值衰减达到约21%-24%左右,两者衰减幅度存在差异,但衰减趋势一致,因此可以说明粗集料表面纹理的磨损趋向光滑,导致路面的抗滑摩擦力下降。另一方面,分形维数值衰减幅度约占路面抗滑横向力系数衰减幅度的1/3,这也说明粗集料微观纹理是影响路面抗滑性能的重要因素。
本文研制的粗集料表面微观纹理测量系统分辨率高,抗干扰能力强,通过研究,提出了沥青路面抗滑表层粗集料设计选材时的分维数控制指标,给出了粗集料表面微观纹理分维数D值的测量方法和基本要求,并初步提出了路面材料抗滑性能设计过程中,粗集料表面微观纹理分形维数D值在交工和竣工检测时的要求范围,可按照推荐的D值范围进行选材,由于不同地区的材料差异,应结合就地取材、优差材料合理结合使用的原则,将D值较大的材料用于抗滑表层,较小的可用于中下层。该指标的提出在本研究领域是一个尝试和突破。
The thesis comprehensively analysis the asphalt pavement skid resistance around domestic and international profile, and the influence of pavement skid resistance of a variety of subjective and objective factors were summarized and analyzed, made of coarse aggregate surface texture is a surface micro-structure sliding performance one of key influence factors, using the basic method of fractal surface fractal dimension of micro-texture analysis.
Developed a coarse aggregate micro-texture image measurement, collection and analysis of computing complete sets of hardware and software measurement and analysis system, using non-contact measurement principle of laser triangulation imaging, combined with DC motor Chufa pulsed laser signal and record the lateral displacement of the methods issued by the laser beam on the measured aggregate to form a uniform surface scattering spot, scattering imaging in laser spot reflection point to accept the image plane, are things like the ratio between the displacement. Acquisition software is a common ActiveX controls and hardware systems for communications, control and data transmission, and various types of measurement error of the system conducted a comprehensive analysis, that the acquisition system of high precision, reliable and practical. Combined with the measurement system equipment, basic principles and parameters of indicators proposed laser, coarse aggregate surface characteristics and the measurement error of the environment, are analyzed in the level, respectively of the improved optimization, and the main indexes of the calibration and checksum against outside interference capability and measurement repeatability are also verified, the final measurement in extreme conditions on the smooth glass surface were measured The results show that the data measuring system stability, errors are controlled within an acceptable range. The introduction of fractal theory to the surface of coarse aggregate micro-texture image analysis of the fractal dimension calculated using the box counting method and the MATLAB programming platform on the texture fractal graphics computation, and the texture images were used to calculate and use of images corresponding to curve coordinate data to calculate the fractal dimension in two ways calculated by comparing the analysis, using micro-texture image method of calculating fractal dimension calculated sensitivity is good, the results between different types of stone obvious benefit analysis. At the same time, using standard KOCH fractal image to calibrate the process and efficacy, results consistent with the theoretically calculated data.
Selected a road project has a common representation of granite, basalt, diorite, diabase, etc. were measured coarse aggregate basis, for further follow-up comparative study of selected one of two types of granite and basalt stone for tracking, Meanwhile, in order of the same type of stone the difference between different areas, we selected two regions were compared diabase. The selected surface texture of coarse aggregate fractal dimension decreasing order: basalt, diorite, granite and diabase, diabase two different dimensions of origin there are some differences, we in Selection When, on the same type of stone should be compared in detail to find out the difference.
With trace measured on two Asphalt Pavement sliding surface using of the granite and basalt with which the attenuation of its stone surface texture and micro texture fractal dimension D values were about 8% of the decline occurred. On the other hand, have also been Sideway force coefficient SFC value of the tracking measurement, the lateral force coefficient of attenuation SFC value of about 21% -24% of differences between the decay rate, but the attenuation trend line, so you can explain the coarse aggregate tend to smooth the surface texture of the wear and tear, leading to friction against sliding down the road. On the other hand, fractal dimension about attenuation coefficient of road friction lateral force attenuation of 1 / 3, which also shows micro-texture of coarse aggregate impact of pavement skid resistance is an important factor.
This surface texture measurement system developed high resolution, anti-interference ability, according to the system gives the sliding surface of asphalt pavement of coarse aggregate material selection of the fractal dimension control targets, given the surface micro-texture of coarse aggregate fractal dimension Measurement of D values and the basic requirements, and proposed pavement skid resistance material design process, the coarse aggregate micro-texture surface fractal dimension D value in the initial request and the completion detection range of the indicators proposed in the study area is a try and breakthroughs.
研制了一种粗集料微观纹理图象的测量、采集和分析计算的成套软、硬件测量分析系统,运用非接触式的激光三角成像测量原理,结合直流脉冲电机触发激光信号并记录横向位移的方法,由激光器发出的激光束在被测集料表面形成一均匀散射斑,散射斑反射点成像于激光器接受像面,得到物像的位移比例关系。采集软件采用通用的ActiveX控件和硬件系统之间进行通讯、控制和数据传输,结合本测量系统设备的基本原理和参数指标,提出了激光器、粗集料表面特征及测量环境等影响因素的误差水平,分别进行了改进优化,并对主要指标进行了标定和效验,对抗外界干扰能力及测量的重复性也进行了验证,最后在极端测量条件下对光滑的玻璃表面进行了实测分析,结果均表明测量系统数据稳定,误差均控制在可接受范围内,并对该系统的各类测量误差进行了全面的分析,认为该测量采集系统精度高、可靠、实用。经过实际测试应用,编制了具体的测试设备配置要求和可行的操作规程,可用于实际公路的检测。通过测量得到表面微观纹理图像后,引入分形理论进行粗集料表面微观纹理图象的分维数计算分析,采用盒子计数法和MATLAB平台编程对纹理图形进行分维数计算,并且分别采用纹理图象计算和采用图象所对应的曲线坐标数据进行计算两种方式进行分维数计算,通过对比分析,采用微观纹理图象计算分维数的方法计算结果敏感性好,不同类型石料计算结果差异明显,利于研究分析。同时,采用标准KOCH分形图象对该程序进行了标定和效验,结果也和理论计算值一致。
选取了路面工程常用的具有一定代表性的花岗岩、玄武岩、闪长岩、辉绿岩等粗集料进行实测计算,为了后续进一步对比研究,选取了其中的花岗岩和玄武岩两类石料进行跟踪测量,同时为了研究同一类型石料不同产地之间的差异情况,选取了两个地区的辉绿岩进行了对比。所选取的粗集料表面纹理分维值从大到小依次为:玄武岩,闪长岩,花岗岩和辉绿岩,两个不同产地的辉绿岩的维数也存在一定差异,因此在选材的时候,对同一类石料也应该进行详细对比,找出差异。
通过对两条高速公路沥青路面抗滑表层采用的花岗岩和玄武岩的跟踪实测,初步掌握了其石料表面纹理衰减情况,微观纹理分维数D值均出现约8%的递减。另一方面,也进行了路面横向力系数SFC值的跟踪实测,横向力系数SFC值衰减达到约21%-24%左右,两者衰减幅度存在差异,但衰减趋势一致,因此可以说明粗集料表面纹理的磨损趋向光滑,导致路面的抗滑摩擦力下降。另一方面,分形维数值衰减幅度约占路面抗滑横向力系数衰减幅度的1/3,这也说明粗集料微观纹理是影响路面抗滑性能的重要因素。
本文研制的粗集料表面微观纹理测量系统分辨率高,抗干扰能力强,通过研究,提出了沥青路面抗滑表层粗集料设计选材时的分维数控制指标,给出了粗集料表面微观纹理分维数D值的测量方法和基本要求,并初步提出了路面材料抗滑性能设计过程中,粗集料表面微观纹理分形维数D值在交工和竣工检测时的要求范围,可按照推荐的D值范围进行选材,由于不同地区的材料差异,应结合就地取材、优差材料合理结合使用的原则,将D值较大的材料用于抗滑表层,较小的可用于中下层。该指标的提出在本研究领域是一个尝试和突破。
The thesis comprehensively analysis the asphalt pavement skid resistance around domestic and international profile, and the influence of pavement skid resistance of a variety of subjective and objective factors were summarized and analyzed, made of coarse aggregate surface texture is a surface micro-structure sliding performance one of key influence factors, using the basic method of fractal surface fractal dimension of micro-texture analysis.
Developed a coarse aggregate micro-texture image measurement, collection and analysis of computing complete sets of hardware and software measurement and analysis system, using non-contact measurement principle of laser triangulation imaging, combined with DC motor Chufa pulsed laser signal and record the lateral displacement of the methods issued by the laser beam on the measured aggregate to form a uniform surface scattering spot, scattering imaging in laser spot reflection point to accept the image plane, are things like the ratio between the displacement. Acquisition software is a common ActiveX controls and hardware systems for communications, control and data transmission, and various types of measurement error of the system conducted a comprehensive analysis, that the acquisition system of high precision, reliable and practical. Combined with the measurement system equipment, basic principles and parameters of indicators proposed laser, coarse aggregate surface characteristics and the measurement error of the environment, are analyzed in the level, respectively of the improved optimization, and the main indexes of the calibration and checksum against outside interference capability and measurement repeatability are also verified, the final measurement in extreme conditions on the smooth glass surface were measured The results show that the data measuring system stability, errors are controlled within an acceptable range. The introduction of fractal theory to the surface of coarse aggregate micro-texture image analysis of the fractal dimension calculated using the box counting method and the MATLAB programming platform on the texture fractal graphics computation, and the texture images were used to calculate and use of images corresponding to curve coordinate data to calculate the fractal dimension in two ways calculated by comparing the analysis, using micro-texture image method of calculating fractal dimension calculated sensitivity is good, the results between different types of stone obvious benefit analysis. At the same time, using standard KOCH fractal image to calibrate the process and efficacy, results consistent with the theoretically calculated data.
Selected a road project has a common representation of granite, basalt, diorite, diabase, etc. were measured coarse aggregate basis, for further follow-up comparative study of selected one of two types of granite and basalt stone for tracking, Meanwhile, in order of the same type of stone the difference between different areas, we selected two regions were compared diabase. The selected surface texture of coarse aggregate fractal dimension decreasing order: basalt, diorite, granite and diabase, diabase two different dimensions of origin there are some differences, we in Selection When, on the same type of stone should be compared in detail to find out the difference.
With trace measured on two Asphalt Pavement sliding surface using of the granite and basalt with which the attenuation of its stone surface texture and micro texture fractal dimension D values were about 8% of the decline occurred. On the other hand, have also been Sideway force coefficient SFC value of the tracking measurement, the lateral force coefficient of attenuation SFC value of about 21% -24% of differences between the decay rate, but the attenuation trend line, so you can explain the coarse aggregate tend to smooth the surface texture of the wear and tear, leading to friction against sliding down the road. On the other hand, fractal dimension about attenuation coefficient of road friction lateral force attenuation of 1 / 3, which also shows micro-texture of coarse aggregate impact of pavement skid resistance is an important factor.
This surface texture measurement system developed high resolution, anti-interference ability, according to the system gives the sliding surface of asphalt pavement of coarse aggregate material selection of the fractal dimension control targets, given the surface micro-texture of coarse aggregate fractal dimension Measurement of D values and the basic requirements, and proposed pavement skid resistance material design process, the coarse aggregate micro-texture surface fractal dimension D value in the initial request and the completion detection range of the indicators proposed in the study area is a try and breakthroughs.
引文
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82林道云,胡小芳,基于Matlab的断面分维求算方法研究,煤炭技术,2009年12月第28卷第12期:148-151
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