龙江森工集团森林生态资产价值综合评估研究
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摘要
在世界范围资源、环境和人口问题日益严重的今天,人类对地球生物圈及生态系统是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础的认识更加深刻,以生态系统服务效益和自然资源价值为核心的生态资产测算及其价值评估也引起了世界各国的普遍关注,人们逐渐开始将生态资源定义成一种国家资产,即生态资产。森林生态系统是陆地生态系统的主体,森林生态资产已经成为全面实现社会生态文明的基石,分析与评估森林生态资产的价值也成为实现生态系统与社会经济系统协调发展的基础。为此,从微观、宏观以及假设市场评估角度同时对森林生态资产价值进行综合评估,从而提出森林生态资产增值保值的对策建议。具体研究内容如下：
(1)结合森林生态资产价值评估比较研究成果的基础上,以龙江森工集团及其管辖的伊春、牡丹江、松花江、合江四个林管局为研究对象,选用2009年龙江森工集团森林资源数据为计算依据,采用实际市场和替代市场评估技术,从调节功能、文化功能和支持功能三大功能分类中选取八项价值指标,每项指标分别采取不同的价值评估方法,分别对龙江森工集团及其管辖的林管局的森林生态资产进行单项价值和生态经济总值评估,并对评估结果进行对比分析,实现微观层面上的森林生态资产价值评估。
(2)依据森林资源的区域分布具有的明显的区域特征,将森林生态资产与区域生态环境、经济环境和社会环境状况结合考虑,遵照生态区划的原则和方法,从生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性及生态系统服务功能重要性等三个方面构建指标体系,采用层次分析法、专家调查法和模糊综合评价法,对龙江森工集团管辖的林管局的森林生态资产因在不同生态区位上所体现的生态区位价值进行评估,体现森林生态资产的地域性和空间性差异,实现宏观层面上森林生态资产的价值评估。
(3)基于森林生态资产微观和宏观的评估结果,采用条件价值评估法,设计CVM调查问卷,通过预调查对问卷进行优化形成正式调查问卷,并组织开展有效的调查实施活动。通过建立假设市场,获得不同地域居民的不同的支付意愿和支付能力信息,采用SPSS软件对问卷数据进行统计分析,计算得出WTP,从而估算森林生态资产的假设市场价值。这种评估方法是目前能够评价环境物品或服务全部价值的唯一方法,也是森林生态资产价值市场化实现的一种重要的技术手段。
本文将多种评估视角相结合对森林生态资产价值进行综合评估,注重揭示生态环境与人类经济社会相互制约、相互影响的发展机理,有利于促进林区生态—经济—社会系统的协同发展,形成生态资产—经济条件—社会事业相互促进的良性循环,实现森林生态资产的保值和增值。
Earth's biosphere and ecological system is the material base of human survival and development. With the problem of the world population, resources and environment growing, ecological asset measurement and evaluation centering on ecosystem service benefit and natural resource value has attracted the public attention. Ecological assets have gradually started to be considered as a kind of national asset, that is, ecological assets. As the subject of terrestrial ecosystem, forest ecological assets become the cornerstone of achieving the social ecological civilization, analysing and evaluating forest ecological asset value also become the base of realizing ecological system and the coordinated development of the social economic system. Therefore, we will value the forest ecological asset value comprehensivly from the angle of the micro、macro and value realization, and then put forward countermeasures for forest ecological asset appreciation. Specific research content as follows:
(1)Combined with the research achievement of forest ecological asset valuation and comparison, in the range of Longjiangsengong company and songhua river, yichun forest, mudanjiang,Hejiang forestry administration under its jurisdiction, using the actual market and alternative market assessment techniques, on the basis of the forest resources data of Longjiangsengong company, we will select eight value indexes from the adjustment function, cultural function and support functions.Each index we take different value assessment method, assess single value and ecological economic value of the forest ecological assets about Longjiangsengong and the forestry administration under its jurisdiction and compares assessment results horizontally, to realize the micro-level forest ecological asset value evaluation.
(2)Because the regional distribution of forest resource has obvious regional characteristics, following the principles and methods of ecological regionalization,we put the forest ecological assets and the regional ecological environment, economic environment and the social environment condition into consideration and construct index system from the present situation of the ecological environment, ecological environmental sensitivity and ecosystem service function importance. Then using analytic hierarchy process, experts investigation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we value the ecological location value of forest ecological assets of the forest ecological assets of the forestry administration under Longjiangsengong jurisdiction in different ecological location.And it will reflect forest ecological assets of regionality and spatial differences in macroscopical, achieve the value of forest ecological assets evaluation.
(3)Based on the evaluation result of forest ecological assets on the macro and micro, using conditions value evaluation method and utility maximization principle, we design CVM questionnaire, optimize the questionnaire then forms a formal investigation through the pre-survey and develop effective survey implementation activities. Through the establishment of imaginary market, we obtain the information about different regional residents'willingness and the ability to pay. And then, through analyzing the questionnaire data,we will calculate the WTP and infer the economic value of forest ecological asset. This evaluation method is the only way to evaluate all value of environment goods or services and an important technical mean to achieve forest ecological asset value of market value.
This article comprehensively evaluate forest ecological asset value by combining multiple evaluation perspective, pay attention to revealing the mechanism of mutual restricts, mutual influence of ecological environment and human economic society,it is for the benefit of promoting collaborative development of forest ecological-economic-social system, forming positive cycle of the coordinated development of ecological assets-economic conditions-social undertakings mutual promoting, achieving forest ecological asset value maintained and adding value.
(1)结合森林生态资产价值评估比较研究成果的基础上,以龙江森工集团及其管辖的伊春、牡丹江、松花江、合江四个林管局为研究对象,选用2009年龙江森工集团森林资源数据为计算依据,采用实际市场和替代市场评估技术,从调节功能、文化功能和支持功能三大功能分类中选取八项价值指标,每项指标分别采取不同的价值评估方法,分别对龙江森工集团及其管辖的林管局的森林生态资产进行单项价值和生态经济总值评估,并对评估结果进行对比分析,实现微观层面上的森林生态资产价值评估。
(2)依据森林资源的区域分布具有的明显的区域特征,将森林生态资产与区域生态环境、经济环境和社会环境状况结合考虑,遵照生态区划的原则和方法,从生态环境现状、生态环境敏感性及生态系统服务功能重要性等三个方面构建指标体系,采用层次分析法、专家调查法和模糊综合评价法,对龙江森工集团管辖的林管局的森林生态资产因在不同生态区位上所体现的生态区位价值进行评估,体现森林生态资产的地域性和空间性差异,实现宏观层面上森林生态资产的价值评估。
(3)基于森林生态资产微观和宏观的评估结果,采用条件价值评估法,设计CVM调查问卷,通过预调查对问卷进行优化形成正式调查问卷,并组织开展有效的调查实施活动。通过建立假设市场,获得不同地域居民的不同的支付意愿和支付能力信息,采用SPSS软件对问卷数据进行统计分析,计算得出WTP,从而估算森林生态资产的假设市场价值。这种评估方法是目前能够评价环境物品或服务全部价值的唯一方法,也是森林生态资产价值市场化实现的一种重要的技术手段。
本文将多种评估视角相结合对森林生态资产价值进行综合评估,注重揭示生态环境与人类经济社会相互制约、相互影响的发展机理,有利于促进林区生态—经济—社会系统的协同发展,形成生态资产—经济条件—社会事业相互促进的良性循环,实现森林生态资产的保值和增值。
Earth's biosphere and ecological system is the material base of human survival and development. With the problem of the world population, resources and environment growing, ecological asset measurement and evaluation centering on ecosystem service benefit and natural resource value has attracted the public attention. Ecological assets have gradually started to be considered as a kind of national asset, that is, ecological assets. As the subject of terrestrial ecosystem, forest ecological assets become the cornerstone of achieving the social ecological civilization, analysing and evaluating forest ecological asset value also become the base of realizing ecological system and the coordinated development of the social economic system. Therefore, we will value the forest ecological asset value comprehensivly from the angle of the micro、macro and value realization, and then put forward countermeasures for forest ecological asset appreciation. Specific research content as follows:
(1)Combined with the research achievement of forest ecological asset valuation and comparison, in the range of Longjiangsengong company and songhua river, yichun forest, mudanjiang,Hejiang forestry administration under its jurisdiction, using the actual market and alternative market assessment techniques, on the basis of the forest resources data of Longjiangsengong company, we will select eight value indexes from the adjustment function, cultural function and support functions.Each index we take different value assessment method, assess single value and ecological economic value of the forest ecological assets about Longjiangsengong and the forestry administration under its jurisdiction and compares assessment results horizontally, to realize the micro-level forest ecological asset value evaluation.
(2)Because the regional distribution of forest resource has obvious regional characteristics, following the principles and methods of ecological regionalization,we put the forest ecological assets and the regional ecological environment, economic environment and the social environment condition into consideration and construct index system from the present situation of the ecological environment, ecological environmental sensitivity and ecosystem service function importance. Then using analytic hierarchy process, experts investigation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, we value the ecological location value of forest ecological assets of the forest ecological assets of the forestry administration under Longjiangsengong jurisdiction in different ecological location.And it will reflect forest ecological assets of regionality and spatial differences in macroscopical, achieve the value of forest ecological assets evaluation.
(3)Based on the evaluation result of forest ecological assets on the macro and micro, using conditions value evaluation method and utility maximization principle, we design CVM questionnaire, optimize the questionnaire then forms a formal investigation through the pre-survey and develop effective survey implementation activities. Through the establishment of imaginary market, we obtain the information about different regional residents'willingness and the ability to pay. And then, through analyzing the questionnaire data,we will calculate the WTP and infer the economic value of forest ecological asset. This evaluation method is the only way to evaluate all value of environment goods or services and an important technical mean to achieve forest ecological asset value of market value.
This article comprehensively evaluate forest ecological asset value by combining multiple evaluation perspective, pay attention to revealing the mechanism of mutual restricts, mutual influence of ecological environment and human economic society,it is for the benefit of promoting collaborative development of forest ecological-economic-social system, forming positive cycle of the coordinated development of ecological assets-economic conditions-social undertakings mutual promoting, achieving forest ecological asset value maintained and adding value.
引文
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