激光仿生耦合热作模具钢热疲劳性能研究
摘要
生物体为了适应环境和满足生存需要,总是选择具有最大环境适应性的体表耦合形态、表层结构和成分组成,使生物体具有特殊的性能和功能,这是自然生物体表多种因素一致联合,耦合作用的结果。在本论文研究中,根据生物耦合这一理论,采用激光加工的方法,把材料的表面形态,单元体与表层连结结构以及单元体各种性能不同组织的合理镶嵌和分布等有机的耦合起来,在材料表面形成类似生物体表的非光滑形态,通过这种仿生制造技术,形成抗热疲劳性优良、材料和制造成本低廉的新型仿生耦合材料。就单元体与表层连结结构对材料抗热疲劳性能的影响,曾单独发表了一篇SCI论文,详细阐明了3Cr2W8V在加工成不同单元体连结结构时的抗热疲劳性能;本课题组其他成员利用激光仿生耦合技术在45#钢、3Cr2W8V、H13、HD表面做了大量热疲劳及磨损试验,都得到了很好的试验效果,相应发表了多篇SCI和EI论文。本论文是在此基础上,进一步研究了仿生耦合单元体对提高材料抗热疲劳性能的影响,为以后研究仿生耦合技术提供理论基础及参考依据。
At present, 60%-90% industry productions are processed by mould and the total amount of the mould steel is 400 thousand ton per year. The production value of the mould industry is 53 billion RMB in 2004 and is increased to more than 60 billion RMB in 2006. It is estimated that the production value of the mould steel which will increased by 30% on average will increased 60% at the field of the cars and motor cars. Thermal fatigue (TF) is a leading failure of hot working die steels. It has been reported that 60~70% failures have been caused by TF among all the failures of hot working die steels. Therefore, it is of great importance for the development of the economy to improve the TF property of hot working die steels. The TF research of hot work die steels is a representative orientation in the field of the TF research.
It is found by biomimetic reach that the nature creatures always choose the best way of their unsmooth shape, surface structure and component buildup to gain the best functions through millions and thousands year’s evolutions. It is the coupling functions that form the special features of the organism. Laser can be used to conduct selective and precision manufacture because the heat effective area is small, the direction of the beam is good and the spot of the beam can be focused to the wave length degree. Therefore, the laser has been chosen to process the unsmooth units imitating the configuration from the organisms, such as: the column unit designed from the chest structure of the step armoure creature; the parallel dyke unit designed from the structure on the surface of the shell which is most made of calcium carbonate and with the tiny ingredient of organic substance. The compound system has especially better rupture toughness than man-made porcelain; the tilted dyke and gridding units designed by the structure of the leaves whose veins are made of fiber pipe material with high intensity and toughness. The veins in the leaves act as bones to support the body to repel the changing climate of
At present, 60%-90% industry productions are processed by mould and the total amount of the mould steel is 400 thousand ton per year. The production value of the mould industry is 53 billion RMB in 2004 and is increased to more than 60 billion RMB in 2006. It is estimated that the production value of the mould steel which will increased by 30% on average will increased 60% at the field of the cars and motor cars. Thermal fatigue (TF) is a leading failure of hot working die steels. It has been reported that 60~70% failures have been caused by TF among all the failures of hot working die steels. Therefore, it is of great importance for the development of the economy to improve the TF property of hot working die steels. The TF research of hot work die steels is a representative orientation in the field of the TF research.
It is found by biomimetic reach that the nature creatures always choose the best way of their unsmooth shape, surface structure and component buildup to gain the best functions through millions and thousands year’s evolutions. It is the coupling functions that form the special features of the organism. Laser can be used to conduct selective and precision manufacture because the heat effective area is small, the direction of the beam is good and the spot of the beam can be focused to the wave length degree. Therefore, the laser has been chosen to process the unsmooth units imitating the configuration from the organisms, such as: the column unit designed from the chest structure of the step armoure creature; the parallel dyke unit designed from the structure on the surface of the shell which is most made of calcium carbonate and with the tiny ingredient of organic substance. The compound system has especially better rupture toughness than man-made porcelain; the tilted dyke and gridding units designed by the structure of the leaves whose veins are made of fiber pipe material with high intensity and toughness. The veins in the leaves act as bones to support the body to repel the changing climate of
引文
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[5] 卢吉连. 我国模具钢应用技术现状与发展. [J]. 模具技术. 2000;8(6):90~92
[6] Ren LQ,Li JQ,Chen BC,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995;10(4):77~80
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[11] 胡巧玲,李晓东等,仿生结构材料的研究进展,材料研究学报,2003;17(3):337~339
[12] 任露泉,佟金,李建桥,陈秉聪,生物脱附与机械仿生-多学科交叉新技术领域,中国机械工程,1999;10(9):894~896
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[14] 王国林等,生物体表几何耦合结构单元分布的分形特性,农业机械学报,1997;12:5~9
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[17] 魏铁华,杨晓红,仿生工程,水利电力机械,2001;6(3):28~29
[18] Ren LQ,Cong Q,Wu LK,Fang Y,Test study on adhesion and resistance reduction of bionic non-smooth bulldozing plates,China Agriculture Machinery 1997;28(2):1~5
[19] RenLuquan,LiJianqiao,ChenBingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics[J],Chinese Science Bulletin,1995;40(13):1077~1088
[20] Webb P W. Form and function in fish swimming. Scientific American,1984;7(6):72~82
[21] Ren Luquan,Li Jiangiao and Chen Bingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995;40(13):1077~1080
[22] Barthlott W and Neinbus C.Purity of the sacred louts, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces.Planta, 1997;202:1~8
[23] Chen Bingchong,Ren Luquan,Tong Jin.Rending Adhesion of Soil by Phosphoric [1]White Iron on the Basis of Bionics Principles,Proc.10th international In Conference of ISTVS,Japan,1990;8(6):57~63
[24] 袁根福,激光加工技术的应用与发展现状,安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004;12(1):30~34
[25] 刘斌,徐金瑞,林建明等,激光应用于玻碳电极表面的预处理,华侨大学学报(自然科学版),1996;17(4):362～364
[26] 王秀彦,安国平,李栋,梁小兵,模具及模具材料激光相变硬化的初步探索与实验,锻压机械,2002;2(7):57~61
[27] A. Srivastava, V. Joshi, R. Shivpuri. Computer modeling and prediction of thermal fatigue cracking in die-casting tooling. [J]. Wear. 2004;(256): 38~43
[28] 机械电子工业部. 模具材料与热处理. 机械工业出版社. 1993
[29] Guobin Li et al. Study of the thermal fatigue crack initial life of H13 and H21 steel. [J]. Materials Processing Technology. 1998; (74): 23~26
[30] 宁志良等. 压铸模具失效分析. [J]. 哈尔滨理工大学学报. 2001;6(5): 117~120
[31] 刘北兴等. 渗碳及表面增碳对钢冷热疲劳行为的影响. [J]. 金属热处理. 1994;(1): 20~23
[32] Lother Kallient Dr, Sturm Dr J C. Simulation aided design for die casting tools. [J]. 1991; Detroit –T: 91~102
[33] Lieurade H P, Dias A, Giusti J. Experimental simulation and theoretical modeling of crack initiation and propagation due to thermal cycling. [J]. High Temperature Technology. 1991; 8(2): 137~145
[34] Anders Persson et al. Thermal fatigue cracking of surface engineered hot work tool steels. [J]. surface and coating. 2005; (191): 216~227
[35] 樊爱民等. 热处理对热作模具钢热疲劳能力的影响. [J]. 兵器材料科学与工程. 1992;15(11): 31
[36] A. Srivastava, V. Joshi, R. Shivpuri. Computer modeling and prediction of thermal fatigue cracking in die-casting tooling. [J]. Wear. 2004; (256): 38~43
[37] 杨大伟. 提高压铸模使用寿命的方法. [J]. 特种铸造及有色合金. 1998; (增刊): 15～17
[38] 余心宏, 董秋月, 祁海军. 压铸模型腔龟裂失效. [J]. 模具技术. 1998;(2): 84～89
[39] Tylenalten. Progress Reporter On Die Casting Research. [J]. Die Casting Engineer. 1988;(6): 16
[40] 梁宏钦. 微量元素对新型铸造高Cr热作模具钢热疲劳性能的影响. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 吉林大学. 2004
[41] He Shi yu etc. Thermal Fatigue Cracking in Steel 5CrMnMo. [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica. 1991;A4(1): 55~58
[42] 张鲁阳主编 模具失效及防护 机械工业出版社出版 1998;10 :10~15
[43] 何晋瑞,金属高温疲劳,科学出版社,1988;1~265
[44] 张文华,材质和热处理对模具钢热疲劳性能的影响,耐磨料, 1999;26~28
[45] F.Meyer-Olbersleben,N. kasik etc, The thermal fatigue behavior of the combustor alloys IN617 and HAYNES 230 before and after welding, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, April 1999;30:981~989
[46] Li Zhong hua, Han Jian guo etc, Low cycle fatigue investigations and numerical on dual phase steel with different microstructures, Fatigue Engine Mater. Struct, 1990;13:229~240
[47] S.R.Mediratta, V.Ramaswamy and P.Raama Rao, Influence of ferrite-martensite microstructural morphology on the low cycle fatigue of a dual-phase steel, Int.J.Fatigue , 1985;101~106
[48] A.K.Vasudevan, K.Sandananda and K.Rajan, Role of microstru-cture on the growth of long fatigue cracks. Int.J.Fatigue,1997;19:151~159
[49] 丁柏群,曹贵允,60CrMoRE 钢热疲劳性能研究,钢铁,1999(2),Vol.34,No.2, 38~42,50
[50] F. Meyer-Olbersleben,N. kasik etc. The thermal fatigue behavior of the combustor alloys IN617 and HAYNES 230 before and after welding. [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A. 1999;30A: 981~989
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