数学形态学连通性理论及应用研究
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摘要
连通性理论在图像处理和分析中起着非常重要的作用,特别在图像分割、图像编码、图像滤波、运动分析、模式识别等方面应用广泛。早期的连通概念是建立在拓扑空间或图论空间之上的,定义于拓扑空间上的连通关系一般面向连续图像,而图论上的连通关系通常更适用于面向离散图像,不过很多场合它们并不兼容。为了适应图像处理的需要,G.Matheron和J.Serra在前人的基础上将其归入数学形态学研究范畴,提出新的连通定义,从而将基于拓扑空间和图论空间的定义统一于数学形态学完备格框架之内。
数学形态学最初基于集合理论,是一种对二值图像进行形状分析的有力工具,而后利用阴影集理论扩展到灰度图像;现在数学形态学数学基础严谨,完备格理论成为了其理论基石。本文就是在探讨基于完备格理论框架的数学形态学理论及性质的基础上,研究连通性理论及其在工业检测中的应用。
本文的主要工作和创新点如下:
(1)提出了一种新的超连通类:基于F-MASK超连通重叠准则的超连通类,定义了基于F-MASK的超连通开算子,分析了该算子的特性。通过对基于F-MASK的超连通类和重构算子的进一步研究,提出基于F-MASK超连通类的重构算子,证明了此算子具有形态滤波属性,并以实例形式介绍超连通滤波器的构造方法。
(2)提出了一种基于多尺度形态小波连通掩模的F-MASK超连通开滤波器,并将之应用于高分辨率遥感图像主干道路的提取。该超连通滤波器同时依据目标连通成分的形状特征和主目标特征属性完成滤波,可以在较复杂的背景下完整、准确地提取前景目标。
(3)提出了一类新的连通算子:路径重构算子,并给出了快速实现算法。该算子综合了路径开和形态重构两种方法,将待提取目标的某一物理特性(如宽度、对比度等)和标准连通定义结合,利用形态路径长度完成滤波操作,该算法即能保持目标形状或者轮廓的信息完整,同时又能有效去除噪声干扰。
(4)构造了一种新的基于二代连通的路径重构算子。该算子有效地利用二代连通空间的特性,经过聚类或分割算子运算形成新的连通空间,在该连通空间中标识图根据路径长度信息有选择地重构模板图。与传统连通算子相比,基于二代连通的路径重构算子更适用于完整提取由于图像质量问题导致不连续的细长状物体。
(5)开发了基于视觉AGV的生产物流智能配送系统。结合形态学连通性理论,提出了一种导引线实时识别方法和多分支路径的提取方法。并针对字符识别环境因素影响大、字符不完整等问题,将直线提取和字符识别相结合,提出一种基于结构信息、位置自校正、自适应填补缺损字符的字符在线识别方法。
Connectivity plays an important role in image processing and analysis, and particularly in problems related to image segmentation, image filtering, image coding, motion analysis, pattern recognition, and other application areas. In mathematics, connectivity is classically defined using either a topological or a graph-theoretic framework. In general, topological connectivity is useful for images defined over a continuous space, whereas graph-theoretic connectivity is useful for images defined over a discrete space. Although these classical concepts have been extensively applied in image processing and analysis, they are incompatible. In order to meet the present requirements in image processing, Compatibility is desired. This state of affairs motivated G. Matheron and J. Serra to propose an axiomatic approach to connectivity, which unified the traditional concepts of connectivity throughout complete lattice framework.
The original theory of mathematical morphology is set-oriented, and is applied to binary images. Then it is extended to grayscale images based on umbra theory. But now, there exists a very successful theoretical framework based on complete lattice for mathematical morphology. Accordingly, the works begin with a deeply discussion about the theory and properties of mathematical morpholgy in the framework of complete lattice. And the works in the dissertation are focus on the theory of connectivity and its applications in industrial detection system.
The major contributions in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) A new kind of hyperconnectivity class named F-MASK hyperconnectivity class is proposed. In this new hyperconnectivity class, a hyperconnectivity opening operator based on F-MASK hyperconnectivity is defined and analyzed. Throughout the study of hyperconnectivity class and morphological reconstruction operator, F-MASK hyperconnected reconstruction operator is put forward. Finally the morphological filter properties of the new operator are proved, and filter construction method is illustrated.
(2) A novel F-MASK hyperconnected opening operator based on multiscale morphological wavelets is presented. And it is applied in road detection for high resolution remote sensing image. The proposed hyperconnected morphological filter integrates the shape information of each connective component and character of major object. Accordingly it is applicable to extract object from complicated background.
(3) A novel connected operator named path-reconstruction operator is proposed based on path opening and morphological reconstruction. In order to meet the requirement of real-time application, a quick algorithm for path-reconstruction operator is presented. Combined with the definition of standard connectivity, the novel operator uses the length of path and some properties of object (such as width, contrast et al.) to filter nosie. It is able to simplify images while preserving the contour information.
(4) To take the advantage of second generation connectivity, second generation path-reconstruction operator is proposed. Because the new connected operator is furnished with a second generation connectivity class, it can efficiently use the clastering properties to segment images. Compared with traditional operators, the proposed algorithm could effectively extract narrow and long discontiguous objects from noises.
(5) An intelligent distribution system is developed based on vision guided AGV. With the research on morphological theory, a realtime guide line recognizing algorithm and multi-branch road seclection method are put forward. To overcome the disturbance from environment and AGV's motion, an online character recognizing algorithm is proposed based on structure features, self calibrate and adaptive filling algorithm.
数学形态学最初基于集合理论,是一种对二值图像进行形状分析的有力工具,而后利用阴影集理论扩展到灰度图像;现在数学形态学数学基础严谨,完备格理论成为了其理论基石。本文就是在探讨基于完备格理论框架的数学形态学理论及性质的基础上,研究连通性理论及其在工业检测中的应用。
本文的主要工作和创新点如下:
(1)提出了一种新的超连通类:基于F-MASK超连通重叠准则的超连通类,定义了基于F-MASK的超连通开算子,分析了该算子的特性。通过对基于F-MASK的超连通类和重构算子的进一步研究,提出基于F-MASK超连通类的重构算子,证明了此算子具有形态滤波属性,并以实例形式介绍超连通滤波器的构造方法。
(2)提出了一种基于多尺度形态小波连通掩模的F-MASK超连通开滤波器,并将之应用于高分辨率遥感图像主干道路的提取。该超连通滤波器同时依据目标连通成分的形状特征和主目标特征属性完成滤波,可以在较复杂的背景下完整、准确地提取前景目标。
(3)提出了一类新的连通算子:路径重构算子,并给出了快速实现算法。该算子综合了路径开和形态重构两种方法,将待提取目标的某一物理特性(如宽度、对比度等)和标准连通定义结合,利用形态路径长度完成滤波操作,该算法即能保持目标形状或者轮廓的信息完整,同时又能有效去除噪声干扰。
(4)构造了一种新的基于二代连通的路径重构算子。该算子有效地利用二代连通空间的特性,经过聚类或分割算子运算形成新的连通空间,在该连通空间中标识图根据路径长度信息有选择地重构模板图。与传统连通算子相比,基于二代连通的路径重构算子更适用于完整提取由于图像质量问题导致不连续的细长状物体。
(5)开发了基于视觉AGV的生产物流智能配送系统。结合形态学连通性理论,提出了一种导引线实时识别方法和多分支路径的提取方法。并针对字符识别环境因素影响大、字符不完整等问题,将直线提取和字符识别相结合,提出一种基于结构信息、位置自校正、自适应填补缺损字符的字符在线识别方法。
Connectivity plays an important role in image processing and analysis, and particularly in problems related to image segmentation, image filtering, image coding, motion analysis, pattern recognition, and other application areas. In mathematics, connectivity is classically defined using either a topological or a graph-theoretic framework. In general, topological connectivity is useful for images defined over a continuous space, whereas graph-theoretic connectivity is useful for images defined over a discrete space. Although these classical concepts have been extensively applied in image processing and analysis, they are incompatible. In order to meet the present requirements in image processing, Compatibility is desired. This state of affairs motivated G. Matheron and J. Serra to propose an axiomatic approach to connectivity, which unified the traditional concepts of connectivity throughout complete lattice framework.
The original theory of mathematical morphology is set-oriented, and is applied to binary images. Then it is extended to grayscale images based on umbra theory. But now, there exists a very successful theoretical framework based on complete lattice for mathematical morphology. Accordingly, the works begin with a deeply discussion about the theory and properties of mathematical morpholgy in the framework of complete lattice. And the works in the dissertation are focus on the theory of connectivity and its applications in industrial detection system.
The major contributions in this dissertation are as follows:
(1) A new kind of hyperconnectivity class named F-MASK hyperconnectivity class is proposed. In this new hyperconnectivity class, a hyperconnectivity opening operator based on F-MASK hyperconnectivity is defined and analyzed. Throughout the study of hyperconnectivity class and morphological reconstruction operator, F-MASK hyperconnected reconstruction operator is put forward. Finally the morphological filter properties of the new operator are proved, and filter construction method is illustrated.
(2) A novel F-MASK hyperconnected opening operator based on multiscale morphological wavelets is presented. And it is applied in road detection for high resolution remote sensing image. The proposed hyperconnected morphological filter integrates the shape information of each connective component and character of major object. Accordingly it is applicable to extract object from complicated background.
(3) A novel connected operator named path-reconstruction operator is proposed based on path opening and morphological reconstruction. In order to meet the requirement of real-time application, a quick algorithm for path-reconstruction operator is presented. Combined with the definition of standard connectivity, the novel operator uses the length of path and some properties of object (such as width, contrast et al.) to filter nosie. It is able to simplify images while preserving the contour information.
(4) To take the advantage of second generation connectivity, second generation path-reconstruction operator is proposed. Because the new connected operator is furnished with a second generation connectivity class, it can efficiently use the clastering properties to segment images. Compared with traditional operators, the proposed algorithm could effectively extract narrow and long discontiguous objects from noises.
(5) An intelligent distribution system is developed based on vision guided AGV. With the research on morphological theory, a realtime guide line recognizing algorithm and multi-branch road seclection method are put forward. To overcome the disturbance from environment and AGV's motion, an online character recognizing algorithm is proposed based on structure features, self calibrate and adaptive filling algorithm.
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