集矿机牵引性能若干影响因素研究
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摘要
本学位论文系统、深入地研究了集矿机在稀软底质上的牵引性能的影响因素,为解决集矿机在稀软底质上的滑转沉陷提供理论依据。论文重点开展了深海稀软底质的物理力学特性分析及实验室模拟、履带板的剪切试验工作,构建了稀软底质的剪切应力-剪切位移的数学模型,建立了单履带板、齿剪切底质的力学模型,推导了忽略履齿效应下接地压力呈梯形分布状态下集矿机的驱动力力学模型,分析了集矿机行驶过程中履带板、齿间粘附稀软底质的机理,分析了基于水动力喷射除粘附底质的机理,开展了水动力结构和工作参数的设计。研究发现,履齿高度直接影响集矿机在稀软底质上的牵引性能,接地压力分布对集矿机的驱动力影响可忽略,履带板、齿间的粘附底质使履齿的有效剪切高度降低,导致集矿机的接地压力分布改变,最大接地压力和最大压陷深度相应增加,使集矿机的行驶阻力增加,从而降低了集矿机的牵引性能。
     阐述了本论文研究的背景及任务,详细介绍了国内外关于履带车辆地面力学以及行走机构的减粘脱泥的研究现状,提出了论文研究的主要目标。
     基于我国深海底多金属结核矿区的地质调查和勘察数据资料,深入分析了我国深海底多金属结核矿区稀软底质的物理力学特性,通过将实验室的物理模拟底质与深海稀软底质的主要物理力学特性进行对比分析,确定了实验室试验的模拟稀软底质样品。
     基于矩形剪切板在1.0kPa、3.5kPa和5.0kPa等接地压力下剪切稀软底质的试验,建立了稀软底质剪切应力—剪切位移模型,分析履齿高度对履带板、齿在稀软底质上产生推力的影响,研究履齿高度对集矿机在稀软底质上的牵引性能的影响。
     开展了集矿机接地压力分布的静态测试,研究忽略履齿效应影响集矿机重心偏后且接地压力呈梯形分布状态对集矿机发挥的驱动力的影响,建立集矿机行驶时所受到的水平变形阻力的计算模型,通过研究集矿机接地压力分布规律对集矿机行驶阻力的影响,进而研究接地压力分布规律对集矿机牵引性能的影响。
     阐述了土壤与非土壤材料的粘附行为,分析了稀软底质粘附于集矿机履带板、齿间的机理及形成过程,根据建立的集矿机附着力模型,研究履带板、齿间粘附底质对集矿机的附着性能的影响,进而深入分析集矿机在稀软底质行驶过程中的滑转沉陷现象。
     论述了从增加履带板厚度和减小履带板间距、改变履齿材料等途径开展行走履带的结构改进设计,纵向偏心距应设计在核心接地平面区域内,并调整履带预张紧力以及支重轮数量等方面改善集矿机的接地压力分布。同时,运用水动力技术,研究喷射扩散射流喷除粘附于履带板、齿间的稀软底质的原理,开展水动力的结构参数与工作参数设计研究。
The basic theory of traction performance of the seabed tracked vehicle was researched systematically in this dissertation to afford the theory to resolve great sinkage and skid problems occurred on the seabed soft sediments. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the seabed soft sediment were analyzed and the seabed soft sediment was simulated in the laboratory. The mathematical model of shear stress-displacement of the seabed soft sediment was based according to the shearing test with track plate in the laboratory. The mathematical model of single tooth cutting seabed soft sediments was established on the basis of the above model,and then the the traction of the seabed tracked vehicle under the grounding pressure showing trapezoid distribution without regard to the effect of track shoe.The effects of the height of the teack shoe and grounding pressure distribution on the traction performance of the seabed tracked vehicle was analyzed and the mechanism of adhesion of seabed soft sediment between track plate and thack shoe was studied,which affected its grounding pressure distribution and adhesion force.The mechanism of removing the seabed soft sediment from the track plate and thack shoe with water jet was analyzed and designed and then the parametersof water jet was designed. It was found that the height of track shoe could greatly improve its traction performance on seabed soft sediments and grounding pressure distribution had little effect on the performance, but the maximum grounding pressure and sinkage,due to the grounding pressure distribution. The traction performance of seabed tracked vehicle was also worsened by decrease in the height of track shoe and increase in grounding pressure, deterioration because of the adhesive soft sedimnets between track plate and shoe.
     The background and intent was expounded, presented in detai the research status on vehicle-terramechanics and reduction of sticky mud off the running gear at home and abroad. The main purpose of the dissertation was put porward in the chapter.
     The physical and mechanical properties of the seabed soft sediment was thoroughly analyzed based on the preliminary geological survey and the survey data in deep seabed polymetallic nodule mining area, the seabed soft sediment was simulated in laboratory and its physical and mechanical properties was analyzed to determine the simulated with the seabed soft sediment.
     The shearing test was made with rectangular shear track plate under different grounding pressure in soil bin in the laboratory, the mathematical model of shear stress-displacement of the seabed soft sediment was based according to the shearing test, the influence of the height of track shoe on the thrust force of the the teack shoe and track palte to research the effects of the height of the teack on the traction performance of the seabed tracked vehicle.
     The static grounding pressure distribution of the seabed tracked vehicle was tested, the effects of its grounding pressure showing trapezoid distribution in the case of its center of gravity on its traction performance was researched,its level deformation resistance model was founded to research the effects of grounding pressure distribution on its traction performance.
     The mechanism of adhesion among the seabed soft sediments,track plate and track shoe based on the soil adhesion behavior between soil and non-soil materials and the adhesion process waere analyzed, the effects of adhesion force on its adhesion performance was researched to analyze its skidding and sinkage on seabed soft sediments.
     The optimization and design of walking track was made based on the foregoing findings to increase the thickness of track plate and lower its space, and improve the grounding pressure distribution by changing the the number of supporting wheels,the center of gravity in the core ground plane area and increasing track pre-tension, while, the mechanism of removing the seabed soft sediment from the track plate and thack shoe with water jet was analyzed and designed and then the parametersof water jet was designed.
引文
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