楼梯间刚度对钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能影响的研究
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摘要
目前,在国内的现行结构设计中,不同结构体系,如砌体结构、框架结构或剪力‘墙结构等结构计算分析时,并未考虑楼梯结构对整体结构抗震性能的影响,设计中对楼梯结构进行了相应的简化处理。在结构设计中,对整体结构进行内力计算分析与配筋时,仅将楼梯处楼板开洞,将楼梯构件的竖向荷载折算加到框架梁、柱或墙上,而未将楼梯的构件作为整体结构的一部分参与计算分析,只是单独地对楼梯进行构件计算与配筋。
在框架结构的楼梯间处,楼梯能起斜撑作用,这可以增加主体结构的刚度,从而增加层间剪力,减小结构的侧移。但会增大楼梯间附近框架构件的内力,使得地震时这些构件容易破坏。楼梯间构件的内力考虑地震时比不考虑地震时要大很多。
基于以上原因,本文严格按照相关规范设计了六个钢筋混凝土框架结构,然后使用国际上通用的结构分析软件SAP2000对这些结构进行在多遇和罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行计算分析。
本文做的主要工作包括：
(1)对比了不同的楼梯布置位置和框架平面不同时,楼梯结构对框架结构的影响；
(2)对比了板式楼梯结构在考虑地震作用与不考虑地震作用时,各个楼梯构件内力的变化；
(3)对六个框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的整体受力及变形进行分析；
(4)对现行的设有楼梯的框架结构给出了考虑楼梯作用的框架结构的设计方法的建议。
Currently,the existing structural design of different structural systems, such as masonry structure,frame structure and wall structure,don't consider the staircase' impact and the seismic design of staircase. The designing analysis and calculation of staircase structure is simplified. The structural design punches hole in the floor slab of staircase and apply the vertical load of staircase to the beams aroud. The staircase components is calculated individually.
In the frame structure,the staircase works as the role of diagonal bracing, which can increase the stiffness of the main structure,shear force of story, and reduce the frame structure's lateral displacement. The staircase will increase the internal forces of surrounding frame components. Under the earthquake,the internal forces of staircase components are increased significantly.
Based on these two points,this paper designs six reinforced concrete frame structures according to the codes. And then it comes to take the staircase structure into calculation and analysis under frequent earthquakes and rare eathquakes.
This paper' main tasks include:
(1)To compare the different influence of staircase structures on frame structure,when the location of staircase structures and layout of the frame structures is different.
(2)To compare the internal forces'changes of structure's components,under or free from earthquakes.
(3)To analyze,under rare eathquakes,the overalll forces and lateral displacement of six frame structures.
(4)To propose some suggestions on the current design methods of staircases,and of the staircase-considered frame structures.
在框架结构的楼梯间处,楼梯能起斜撑作用,这可以增加主体结构的刚度,从而增加层间剪力,减小结构的侧移。但会增大楼梯间附近框架构件的内力,使得地震时这些构件容易破坏。楼梯间构件的内力考虑地震时比不考虑地震时要大很多。
基于以上原因,本文严格按照相关规范设计了六个钢筋混凝土框架结构,然后使用国际上通用的结构分析软件SAP2000对这些结构进行在多遇和罕遇地震下的抗震性能进行计算分析。
本文做的主要工作包括：
(1)对比了不同的楼梯布置位置和框架平面不同时,楼梯结构对框架结构的影响；
(2)对比了板式楼梯结构在考虑地震作用与不考虑地震作用时,各个楼梯构件内力的变化；
(3)对六个框架结构在罕遇地震作用下的整体受力及变形进行分析；
(4)对现行的设有楼梯的框架结构给出了考虑楼梯作用的框架结构的设计方法的建议。
Currently,the existing structural design of different structural systems, such as masonry structure,frame structure and wall structure,don't consider the staircase' impact and the seismic design of staircase. The designing analysis and calculation of staircase structure is simplified. The structural design punches hole in the floor slab of staircase and apply the vertical load of staircase to the beams aroud. The staircase components is calculated individually.
In the frame structure,the staircase works as the role of diagonal bracing, which can increase the stiffness of the main structure,shear force of story, and reduce the frame structure's lateral displacement. The staircase will increase the internal forces of surrounding frame components. Under the earthquake,the internal forces of staircase components are increased significantly.
Based on these two points,this paper designs six reinforced concrete frame structures according to the codes. And then it comes to take the staircase structure into calculation and analysis under frequent earthquakes and rare eathquakes.
This paper' main tasks include:
(1)To compare the different influence of staircase structures on frame structure,when the location of staircase structures and layout of the frame structures is different.
(2)To compare the internal forces'changes of structure's components,under or free from earthquakes.
(3)To analyze,under rare eathquakes,the overalll forces and lateral displacement of six frame structures.
(4)To propose some suggestions on the current design methods of staircases,and of the staircase-considered frame structures.
引文
[1]王社良.抗震结构设计[M].第三版.东南大学出版社,2007：2-6
[2]李爱群,高振世.工程结构抗震与防灾[M].东南大学出版社,2003：2-4
[3]全学友,米伟,张智强.汶川地震中楼梯结构的破坏现象及对策[J].建筑结构.2009,第四期
[4]《汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告》编委会.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[5]苏启旺,蔡宏儒,李力.从“汶川大地震”引发对板式楼梯设计的思考[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008,第4期
[6]李乔,赵世春,等.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].西南交通大学大学出版社,2008
[7]吴勇,王周胜,张玲.框架结构中板式楼梯震害分析及对策探讨[J].建筑技术.西南交通大学大学出版社,2009,第6期：561-564
[8]沈靓,柳炳康,张瑜中,吴季柏.汶川地震中框架楼梯典型震害分析与有限元计算[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,第4期：114-119
[9]金亚春,毛呈龙,魏常军.框架结构中现浇板式楼梯震害分析及设计建议[J].建筑与结构设计,2010,第8期：43-45
[10]沈蒲生,梁兴文.混凝土结构设计[M].第二版.高等教育出版社,2005：82-87
[11]程文襄.钢筋混凝土特种楼梯[M].中国铁道出版社,2003
[12]夏军武,贾福萍,龙帮云,等.结构设计原理[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2009：475-482
[13]郑丹伟,郑亦清.板式楼梯抗震设计[J].浙江建筑,2009,第12期：9-11.
[14]程文襄.楼梯、阳台、雨棚设计[M].东南大学出版社,1998
[15]吴波.楼梯结构的抗震性能分析及地震作用下对主体结构的影响[D].西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2009
[16]GB 50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[17]建筑抗震设计规范局部修的.3.6.6
[18]杨永庆.建筑非结构震害和抗震设计[J].建筑与工程,2008,(15)：13864.
[19]任或.楼梯系统对于框架抗震性能的影响[J].福建建筑,2009,129(3)：42-44
[20]曹万林,胡国振,周明杰,关二军,郝春森,曲英华.钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共 同工作性能试验研究[J].工程力学增刊,1999：23-26
[21]Ray Clough, JosePh Penzien. Dynamics of Struetures(SeeondEdition). ComPuters and Struetures Inc,2003
[22]FEMA356 The Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergeney Management Ageney,2000
[23]Stafford-smithB.S, Behavior Model Test Results of Vertical and Horizontal Loading of Infilled Frames[J].ACT,65(8):618-625
[24]T.C.Liauw, K.H.Kwan. Nonlinear Behavior of Non-integral infilled frames.Computers and Structures,1984,18(3):551-560
[25]代红军,郑皑.基于ETABS的钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共同工作性能分[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,第6期：136-142
[26]JGJ3—2002高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[27]王光远,程秋东,邵卓民等.抗震结构的最优设防烈度与可靠度[M].1999
[28]高小旺,沈聚敏.“大震”作用下钢筋混凝土框架房屋变形能力的抗震可靠度分析[J].土木工程学报,1993,Vo1.26.No.3
[29]钟益村等.钢筋混凝土结构房屋变形性能及允许变形指标[J].建筑结构,1984,(2)： 38-45
[30]孙喜晶.框架结构楼梯间的抗震初步研究[D].西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2010
[31]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,2005,35(11)： 31-32
[32]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4)：20-25
[33]M.S.Medhekar, D.J.L.Kennedy. Displaeement-Based Seismic Design of Building-Theory[J]. Engneering Structures,2000,22:201-209
[34]M.S.Medhekar, D.J.L.Kennedy. Displaeement-Based Seismic Design of Building-Applacation[J]. Engneering Structures,2000,22:210-220
[35]K.C.Chang, T.T.soong, M.L.Lai, E.J.Nielsen. Viseonelastic Dampers as Energy Dissipation Devices for Seismic Application[J]. Earthquake SPectra,1993,9(3)
[36]FEMA356 The Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergency Management Ageney,2000
[37]张立.高层建筑结构地震响应的时程分析法[M].中国水利水电出版社,2006
[38]高振维.房屋抗震工程学[M].湖北科学技术出版社,2004
[39]曹资,朱志达.建筑抗震理论与设计方法[M].北京工业大学出版社,1998
[40]周云,宗兰,张文芳.土木工程抗震设计[M].科学出版社,2005
[41]Applied Technology Council(ATC).Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Conerete Buildings. Report ATC40,1996
[42]NZS3101:1995. Conerete Structures Standards[S]. New Zealand, Wellington,1995
[43]R.Dobry, R.D.Boreherdt, C.B.Crouse, I.M.ldriss, W.B.Joyner, G.R.Martin, M.S.Power, E.E.Rinne, R.B.Seed. New Site Coefficients and Site Classification System Used in Recent Building Seismie Code Provisions [J]. Earthquake SPectra, Vol.16.No.1: 41-68,2000
[44]Shahram Pezeshk. Seismic Code Jssues in Central United States[C].13th world Conference on Earthquake Engineerimg, Pater No.1843
[45]傅金华.建筑抗震设计及实例[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[46]戴国莹,王亚勇.房屋建筑抗震设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[47]北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院.SAP2000中文版使用指南[M].人民交通出版社,2006
[48]IBC2000. International Building Code[S]. International Code Council. Inc.Mar2000
[49]EC8(1994):Eurocode 8-Design Provisions fo Earthquake Resistance of Structures[S]. ENV1998, CEN, Brussels,1994
[50]USC(1997):Uniform Building Code[S]. International Conference of Building Offieials(ICBO), Whither, Califonia,1997
[51]Edgar V.Leyendeeker, R.Joe Hunt, Althur D.Frankel, Kenneth S.Rukstales. Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps[J]. Earthquake Spectra, Vol.16.No.1:21-40,2000
[2]李爱群,高振世.工程结构抗震与防灾[M].东南大学出版社,2003：2-4
[3]全学友,米伟,张智强.汶川地震中楼梯结构的破坏现象及对策[J].建筑结构.2009,第四期
[4]《汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告》编委会.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[5]苏启旺,蔡宏儒,李力.从“汶川大地震”引发对板式楼梯设计的思考[J].四川建筑科学研究,2008,第4期
[6]李乔,赵世春,等.汶川大地震工程震害分析[M].西南交通大学大学出版社,2008
[7]吴勇,王周胜,张玲.框架结构中板式楼梯震害分析及对策探讨[J].建筑技术.西南交通大学大学出版社,2009,第6期：561-564
[8]沈靓,柳炳康,张瑜中,吴季柏.汶川地震中框架楼梯典型震害分析与有限元计算[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2010,第4期：114-119
[9]金亚春,毛呈龙,魏常军.框架结构中现浇板式楼梯震害分析及设计建议[J].建筑与结构设计,2010,第8期：43-45
[10]沈蒲生,梁兴文.混凝土结构设计[M].第二版.高等教育出版社,2005：82-87
[11]程文襄.钢筋混凝土特种楼梯[M].中国铁道出版社,2003
[12]夏军武,贾福萍,龙帮云,等.结构设计原理[M].中国矿业大学出版社,2009：475-482
[13]郑丹伟,郑亦清.板式楼梯抗震设计[J].浙江建筑,2009,第12期：9-11.
[14]程文襄.楼梯、阳台、雨棚设计[M].东南大学出版社,1998
[15]吴波.楼梯结构的抗震性能分析及地震作用下对主体结构的影响[D].西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2009
[16]GB 50010—2002混凝土结构设计规范[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[17]建筑抗震设计规范局部修的.3.6.6
[18]杨永庆.建筑非结构震害和抗震设计[J].建筑与工程,2008,(15)：13864.
[19]任或.楼梯系统对于框架抗震性能的影响[J].福建建筑,2009,129(3)：42-44
[20]曹万林,胡国振,周明杰,关二军,郝春森,曲英华.钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共 同工作性能试验研究[J].工程力学增刊,1999：23-26
[21]Ray Clough, JosePh Penzien. Dynamics of Struetures(SeeondEdition). ComPuters and Struetures Inc,2003
[22]FEMA356 The Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergeney Management Ageney,2000
[23]Stafford-smithB.S, Behavior Model Test Results of Vertical and Horizontal Loading of Infilled Frames[J].ACT,65(8):618-625
[24]T.C.Liauw, K.H.Kwan. Nonlinear Behavior of Non-integral infilled frames.Computers and Structures,1984,18(3):551-560
[25]代红军,郑皑.基于ETABS的钢筋混凝土框架与楼梯共同工作性能分[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,第6期：136-142
[26]JGJ3—2002高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[27]王光远,程秋东,邵卓民等.抗震结构的最优设防烈度与可靠度[M].1999
[28]高小旺,沈聚敏.“大震”作用下钢筋混凝土框架房屋变形能力的抗震可靠度分析[J].土木工程学报,1993,Vo1.26.No.3
[29]钟益村等.钢筋混凝土结构房屋变形性能及允许变形指标[J].建筑结构,1984,(2)： 38-45
[30]孙喜晶.框架结构楼梯间的抗震初步研究[D].西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2010
[31]胡庆昌.钢筋混凝土结构楼梯间与楼梯的震害及设计建议[J].建筑结构,2005,35(11)： 31-32
[32]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——抗震概念设计[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4)：20-25
[33]M.S.Medhekar, D.J.L.Kennedy. Displaeement-Based Seismic Design of Building-Theory[J]. Engneering Structures,2000,22:201-209
[34]M.S.Medhekar, D.J.L.Kennedy. Displaeement-Based Seismic Design of Building-Applacation[J]. Engneering Structures,2000,22:210-220
[35]K.C.Chang, T.T.soong, M.L.Lai, E.J.Nielsen. Viseonelastic Dampers as Energy Dissipation Devices for Seismic Application[J]. Earthquake SPectra,1993,9(3)
[36]FEMA356 The Seismic Rehabilitation of Building. Federal Emergency Management Ageney,2000
[37]张立.高层建筑结构地震响应的时程分析法[M].中国水利水电出版社,2006
[38]高振维.房屋抗震工程学[M].湖北科学技术出版社,2004
[39]曹资,朱志达.建筑抗震理论与设计方法[M].北京工业大学出版社,1998
[40]周云,宗兰,张文芳.土木工程抗震设计[M].科学出版社,2005
[41]Applied Technology Council(ATC).Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Conerete Buildings. Report ATC40,1996
[42]NZS3101:1995. Conerete Structures Standards[S]. New Zealand, Wellington,1995
[43]R.Dobry, R.D.Boreherdt, C.B.Crouse, I.M.ldriss, W.B.Joyner, G.R.Martin, M.S.Power, E.E.Rinne, R.B.Seed. New Site Coefficients and Site Classification System Used in Recent Building Seismie Code Provisions [J]. Earthquake SPectra, Vol.16.No.1: 41-68,2000
[44]Shahram Pezeshk. Seismic Code Jssues in Central United States[C].13th world Conference on Earthquake Engineerimg, Pater No.1843
[45]傅金华.建筑抗震设计及实例[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[46]戴国莹,王亚勇.房屋建筑抗震设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[47]北京金土木软件技术有限公司,中国建筑标准设计研究院.SAP2000中文版使用指南[M].人民交通出版社,2006
[48]IBC2000. International Building Code[S]. International Code Council. Inc.Mar2000
[49]EC8(1994):Eurocode 8-Design Provisions fo Earthquake Resistance of Structures[S]. ENV1998, CEN, Brussels,1994
[50]USC(1997):Uniform Building Code[S]. International Conference of Building Offieials(ICBO), Whither, Califonia,1997
[51]Edgar V.Leyendeeker, R.Joe Hunt, Althur D.Frankel, Kenneth S.Rukstales. Development of Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motion Maps[J]. Earthquake Spectra, Vol.16.No.1:21-40,2000