局用交换机计费系统检测方法的研究
摘要
局用交换机计费系统(Billing System)是整个电信服务的一个重要环节，准确、可靠、安全的电话计费系统是国家电信资费政策得到落实的保证。长期以来，由于电信自然垄断环境，电信行业始终处于卖方市场，中国电信从市场方面感受到的压力很小，对于计费系统进行大规模投资建设和改造的紧迫感不强，而对计费系统进行大规模投入后，直接经济效益并不很明显。在这种形势下，计费系统严重滞后于网络建设，形成了对用户服务长期被动的局面，计费系统多计或少计费现象时有发生，由于计费不准引起的投诉已经成为当前投诉热点之一。如何保证计费系统的准确、可靠、安全已经成为国内外监督部门、行业主管部门、电信运营商和电信消费者共同关注的热点问题。
要解决这一问题，一是电信运营商必须对计费系统性能高度重视，加大计费系统的改造投入，二是技术监督部门和行业主管部门加强监督管理力度，尽快出台局用交换机计费系统检测规范。
目前，国内对交换机计费系统的检测尚属空白，美、英等发达国家也是在最近几年才开始着手研究制定相应的标准和检测方法，并且许多还尚在不断完善和改进之中。
本文在调查和分析国内外局用交换机计费系统工作原理、检测方法和相关标准的基础上，对计费系统的工作原理和产生计费错误的原因进行了详细的分析，提出了适合国情的能够客观评价计费系统计量性能的技术指标和检测方法，有些指标和检测方法在国内相关资料中属首次提出，如通话计时误差和时刻误差和对移动交换机计费系统的一些检测方法；
本文通过对电信基础业务和各类增值业务的计费方式、计费用户、计费点和计费方法的分析，利用国内外最新检测仪器、现代检测技术、通信技术和概率统计方法，提出了较科学、有效和利于实施的检测方法，并对检测结果的测量不确定度进行了分析。
本文所研究的检测方法可作为技术监督部门和行业主管部门加强监督管理，制定检测规范的参考，也可供电信运营商和消费者自查之用。
The Billing System of local exchanger is an important link to the whole telecom service and the exact, reliable and safe telephone Billing System can put national telecom expense polity into effect. For a long time, because of the environment of telecom natural monopolized, telecom trade is always in the seller's market, China Telecom feels little pressure from market and the sense of urgency of investment and recast to Billing System isn't strong. Direct economic benefits also aren't obvious after a large scale devotion to Billing System. Under this situation, Billing System is behind the network building seriously and it has been passive to the users' service for a long time. Wronging calculate the fare often occurs which leads it become one of the appeal focus. How to solve this problem is cared by domestic and international superintendent office, trade director department, telecom operating traders and the users of telecom.
The solution of this problem:
First, telecom operating traders must take high attention to the capability of Billing System. After increasing input to change Billing System, second, the technological superintendent department and relevant industrial department should strengthen supervision and management and come on the standard measure of Billing System of local exchanger as soon as possible.
At present, the measure of local exchanger's Billing System isn't used in China and also the developed countries such as America, England etc have began to study and make the relevant standard and measure method in recent several years, which are perfecting and improving constantly.
In the base of investigating and analyzing to working theory, measure methods and relevant standard, the text processes particular analyses to the working theory of Billing System and reason of making billing wrong and puts forward technology index and measure method that can externally evaluate the capability of Billing System and is suit to the situation of our country. Some indexes and measure way are put forward for the first time (example error of call clock, time error and measure method to moving exchanger's Billing System.)
Through analyzing telecom charging way, charging users, charging point and charging methods of telecom basic and all kinds value-added operation and utilizing the newest measure apparatus, modern measure technology, communication technology and
probable method, this text puts more scientific, efficient and easily operated measure methods and process a uncertain analysis to measure methods.
Measure methods studied in this text can be a reference to the technological superintendent department and trade operating department to strengthen supervision and management and make measure standard. It can be used for telecom operating traders and users to check too.
要解决这一问题，一是电信运营商必须对计费系统性能高度重视，加大计费系统的改造投入，二是技术监督部门和行业主管部门加强监督管理力度，尽快出台局用交换机计费系统检测规范。
目前，国内对交换机计费系统的检测尚属空白，美、英等发达国家也是在最近几年才开始着手研究制定相应的标准和检测方法，并且许多还尚在不断完善和改进之中。
本文在调查和分析国内外局用交换机计费系统工作原理、检测方法和相关标准的基础上，对计费系统的工作原理和产生计费错误的原因进行了详细的分析，提出了适合国情的能够客观评价计费系统计量性能的技术指标和检测方法，有些指标和检测方法在国内相关资料中属首次提出，如通话计时误差和时刻误差和对移动交换机计费系统的一些检测方法；
本文通过对电信基础业务和各类增值业务的计费方式、计费用户、计费点和计费方法的分析，利用国内外最新检测仪器、现代检测技术、通信技术和概率统计方法，提出了较科学、有效和利于实施的检测方法，并对检测结果的测量不确定度进行了分析。
本文所研究的检测方法可作为技术监督部门和行业主管部门加强监督管理，制定检测规范的参考，也可供电信运营商和消费者自查之用。
The Billing System of local exchanger is an important link to the whole telecom service and the exact, reliable and safe telephone Billing System can put national telecom expense polity into effect. For a long time, because of the environment of telecom natural monopolized, telecom trade is always in the seller's market, China Telecom feels little pressure from market and the sense of urgency of investment and recast to Billing System isn't strong. Direct economic benefits also aren't obvious after a large scale devotion to Billing System. Under this situation, Billing System is behind the network building seriously and it has been passive to the users' service for a long time. Wronging calculate the fare often occurs which leads it become one of the appeal focus. How to solve this problem is cared by domestic and international superintendent office, trade director department, telecom operating traders and the users of telecom.
The solution of this problem:
First, telecom operating traders must take high attention to the capability of Billing System. After increasing input to change Billing System, second, the technological superintendent department and relevant industrial department should strengthen supervision and management and come on the standard measure of Billing System of local exchanger as soon as possible.
At present, the measure of local exchanger's Billing System isn't used in China and also the developed countries such as America, England etc have began to study and make the relevant standard and measure method in recent several years, which are perfecting and improving constantly.
In the base of investigating and analyzing to working theory, measure methods and relevant standard, the text processes particular analyses to the working theory of Billing System and reason of making billing wrong and puts forward technology index and measure method that can externally evaluate the capability of Billing System and is suit to the situation of our country. Some indexes and measure way are put forward for the first time (example error of call clock, time error and measure method to moving exchanger's Billing System.)
Through analyzing telecom charging way, charging users, charging point and charging methods of telecom basic and all kinds value-added operation and utilizing the newest measure apparatus, modern measure technology, communication technology and
probable method, this text puts more scientific, efficient and easily operated measure methods and process a uncertain analysis to measure methods.
Measure methods studied in this text can be a reference to the technological superintendent department and trade operating department to strengthen supervision and management and make measure standard. It can be used for telecom operating traders and users to check too.
引文
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[4] Kirk Laughlin，美国参议员提案反对“虚假计费”，中国计费网，2003
[5] John L.Guerra，计费问题仍是客户抱怨的焦点，中国计费网，2003
[6] 宣亚智杰公关顾问公司，下一代计费面临的挑战，中国计费网，2003
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[32] 詹若涛，电信网与电信技术，人民邮电出版社．1996
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[34] 高星忠、陈锦章、张有材，分组交换，人民邮电出版社．1993
[35] 舒华英、赖平漳等，IP电话技术及应用，人民邮电出版社．1999
[36] 陈志泊、李冬梅、王春玲，数据库原理及应用教程，人民邮电出版社，2002
[37] 王世顺，移动通信原理与应用，人民邮电出版社，1995
[38] 桂海源、骆亚国，No．7信令系统，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[39] 倪维桢，数据通信原理，中国人民大学出版社，
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[41] 陈锡生、糜正琨，现代电信交换，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[42] 孙海英，ATM技术，电子科技大学出版社，1998
[43] 沈金龙，现代电信交换与网络，人民邮电出版社，2001
[44] 杨士元，数字系统的故障与可靠性设计，清华大学出版社，2000
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[46] 程时端，综合业务数字网，人民邮电出版社，1989
[47] 乐正友、杨为理，程控交换与综合业务通信网，清华大学出版社，2001
[48] 加Salah Aidarous,电信网络管理技术与应用，电子工业出版社，2003
[49] 美Hany L.Van Trees.,检测、估值与调制理论，电子工业出版社，2003
[50] 苗兰波、冯志勇，IP电话网络技术，电子工业出版社，2001
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[2] 崔建平等，现代交换网络的测试技术，电子仪器信息报，1999第6期
[3] 杨世荣郭蕴萍，F-150型程控交换机操作与维护，人民邮电出版社，1992
[4] Kirk Laughlin，美国参议员提案反对“虚假计费”，中国计费网，2003
[5] John L.Guerra，计费问题仍是客户抱怨的焦点，中国计费网，2003
[6] 宣亚智杰公关顾问公司，下一代计费面临的挑战，中国计费网，2003
[7] 上海贝尔电话设备制造有限公司，程控数字电话交换机，人民邮电出版社，1993
[8] 上海贝尔电实业有限公司，专用通信网中的交换机计费问题浅析，上海贝尔电实业有限公司，2002
[9] 严学东，新一代计费系统的特点，中兴通讯,2001第8期
[10] 李连祥，电信计费系统的历史、现状和发展趋势，通信世界,2003第6期
[11] 陈锡生、糜正琨，5ESS-2000数字程控交换系统，北京邮电大学出版社，1996
[12] 深圳华伟通信技术有限公司，C&C08数字程控交换系统，1997
[13] 大唐电信有限公司，SP30数字程控交换系统，1997
[14] 唐庭龙，数字程控电话交换新技术新业务，1996
[15] 叶敏，程控数字交换与交换网，1993
[16] 陈讯，宽带通讯网信令及测试，人民邮电出版社，2002
[17] 上海贝尔电话设备制造有限公司，S1240程控数字电话交换系统，中册，1993
[18] 朱世华，程控数字交换原理与应用，1993
[19] 彭建彰、卢官正，电信新业务，人民邮电出版社，2001
[20] 美Jade Clayton图解通信辞典(第二版)，电子工业出版社，2001
[21] 邮电部软件中心，NO．7信令系统的原理、测试与维护，人民邮电出版社，2000
[22] 王承恕，通信网络基础，人民邮电出版社，1999
[23] 吴顺唐，数学分析，南京大学出版社，2000
[24] 日 通信协会手册编委会，最新网络通信协议手册，电子工业出版社，1999
[25] 美David E.MCDysan,ATM技术实用大全，人民邮电出版社，2000
[26] Richardson.E.M.Test Measurementand Control.Telecommunications, 1985
[27] 张彬、荣国辉，现代电信业务，北京邮电大学出版社，2000
[28] 梁雄建，电信管理，中国人民大学出版社，1999
[29] 陈德荣、周继成等，通信新技术续篇，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[30] 杨放春等，智能化现代通信网，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[31] 汤庭龙，数字程控电话交换新技术新业务，人民邮电出版社．1996
[32] 詹若涛，电信网与电信技术，人民邮电出版社．1996
[33] 王同胜，计算机网络，机械工业出版社，1999
[34] 高星忠、陈锦章、张有材，分组交换，人民邮电出版社．1993
[35] 舒华英、赖平漳等，IP电话技术及应用，人民邮电出版社．1999
[36] 陈志泊、李冬梅、王春玲，数据库原理及应用教程，人民邮电出版社，2002
[37] 王世顺，移动通信原理与应用，人民邮电出版社，1995
[38] 桂海源、骆亚国，No．7信令系统，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[39] 倪维桢，数据通信原理，中国人民大学出版社，
[40] 陈建亚，可编程交换技术，北京邮电大学出版社，2001
[41] 陈锡生、糜正琨，现代电信交换，北京邮电大学出版社，1999
[42] 孙海英，ATM技术，电子科技大学出版社，1998
[43] 沈金龙，现代电信交换与网络，人民邮电出版社，2001
[44] 杨士元，数字系统的故障与可靠性设计，清华大学出版社，2000
[45] 杜志龙，分组交换工程，人民邮电出版社，1993
[46] 程时端，综合业务数字网，人民邮电出版社，1989
[47] 乐正友、杨为理，程控交换与综合业务通信网，清华大学出版社，2001
[48] 加Salah Aidarous,电信网络管理技术与应用，电子工业出版社，2003
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