空调制冷热泵教学综合实验台的研制
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摘要
本实验台是应某大学邀请,为了满足“暖通空调”、“空调用制冷技术”等课程的实验教学要求而设计的,在满足教学需求的前提下,兼顾空调制冷热泵方面科学研究的综合实验平台。本论文的研究工作正是基于这一现实需求展开的。
在综合考虑现有的一些热工综合实验台基础上,设计与搭建了空调制冷热泵教学综合实验台。本实验台总的设计原则是在满足现阶段的教学要求基础上,提供一个平台,为未来教学和科研的发展提供基本处理单元。这样,拥有基本平台后,本实验台未预见的,需要开展的制冷、热泵方向的教学实验和科研实验只需添加自身新的实验段就可以组成新的实验系统。
本实验台主要由:水/水热泵机组、常规冷热源、低温冷源及一级热泵机组、模拟室及末端设备和数据检测采集系统五部分组成。
通过全面分析、设计及计算,完成了实验台系统设计、实验台设备选型、换热器设计计算、水系统水力计算、实验台的异地搭建和主要实验的误差分析,为该大学绘制了各个实验的流程图,并完成了实验指导书的编写。
本实验台集平台性、集成性、灵活性、多样性、精确性、真实性、低能耗性于一身,并充分考虑到地方特色和专业发展前沿。它的建立既可以满足现阶段本科生和研究生的教学需求,还可以为教师和科研人员结合地方特色和专业热点问题开展多项科学研究提供一个平台,改变了现阶段暖通空调教学实验室设备陈旧,测试手段落后的现状。
This experiment rig is designed at one university’s invitation, in order to meet the experimental teaching requirements of HVAC, Refrigeration Technology in Air-Conditioning and other courses. Under the premise of meeting instructional needs, this large comprehensive experimental platform take scientific research in air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump into account. The research of this thesis is based on the backdrop of this realistic need.
Based on the comprehensive consideration of the existing thermal experiment table,we design and build the comprehensive teaching experimental rig of air conditioning,refrigeration and heat pump.
The general principle of this experiment rig design is to supply a platform which can provide a basic processing unit for the intending development of teaching and research on the basis of meeting the requirement at the present stage. In this way, after having a basic platform, some unforeseen teaching and research experiments in refrigeration and heat pump can be conducted if only their own new experiment facilities were added. This experiment rig is mainly composed of five parts: water-water heat pump unit, conventional cold and heat source, low temperature cold source and first-stage heat pump unit, simulation chamber with terminal units, automatic data acquisition and inspection system.
Through comprehensive analysis, design and calculation, experiment rig system design, equipment selection, design and calculation of heat exchangers, water system hydraulic calculation, experiment rig set up and error analysis of primary experiments were done. Besides, flow charts of various experiments were drawn, and instructor of the experiments were compiled for this university.
This experiment rig has the characteristics of integrativity,flexibility,diversity, accuracy, authenticity and low energy consumption, and we take full account of the local characteristics and development of the speciality.This accomplished experiment rig can not only meet the instructional needs of both undergraduates and graduates,but can provide the teachers and researchers with a platform which can help them do some researches about hot point of HVAC with regional features as well. This experiment rig changes the current situation of obsolete equipment and lagging test means in HVAC teaching laboratory.
在综合考虑现有的一些热工综合实验台基础上,设计与搭建了空调制冷热泵教学综合实验台。本实验台总的设计原则是在满足现阶段的教学要求基础上,提供一个平台,为未来教学和科研的发展提供基本处理单元。这样,拥有基本平台后,本实验台未预见的,需要开展的制冷、热泵方向的教学实验和科研实验只需添加自身新的实验段就可以组成新的实验系统。
本实验台主要由:水/水热泵机组、常规冷热源、低温冷源及一级热泵机组、模拟室及末端设备和数据检测采集系统五部分组成。
通过全面分析、设计及计算,完成了实验台系统设计、实验台设备选型、换热器设计计算、水系统水力计算、实验台的异地搭建和主要实验的误差分析,为该大学绘制了各个实验的流程图,并完成了实验指导书的编写。
本实验台集平台性、集成性、灵活性、多样性、精确性、真实性、低能耗性于一身,并充分考虑到地方特色和专业发展前沿。它的建立既可以满足现阶段本科生和研究生的教学需求,还可以为教师和科研人员结合地方特色和专业热点问题开展多项科学研究提供一个平台,改变了现阶段暖通空调教学实验室设备陈旧,测试手段落后的现状。
This experiment rig is designed at one university’s invitation, in order to meet the experimental teaching requirements of HVAC, Refrigeration Technology in Air-Conditioning and other courses. Under the premise of meeting instructional needs, this large comprehensive experimental platform take scientific research in air-conditioning, refrigeration and heat pump into account. The research of this thesis is based on the backdrop of this realistic need.
Based on the comprehensive consideration of the existing thermal experiment table,we design and build the comprehensive teaching experimental rig of air conditioning,refrigeration and heat pump.
The general principle of this experiment rig design is to supply a platform which can provide a basic processing unit for the intending development of teaching and research on the basis of meeting the requirement at the present stage. In this way, after having a basic platform, some unforeseen teaching and research experiments in refrigeration and heat pump can be conducted if only their own new experiment facilities were added. This experiment rig is mainly composed of five parts: water-water heat pump unit, conventional cold and heat source, low temperature cold source and first-stage heat pump unit, simulation chamber with terminal units, automatic data acquisition and inspection system.
Through comprehensive analysis, design and calculation, experiment rig system design, equipment selection, design and calculation of heat exchangers, water system hydraulic calculation, experiment rig set up and error analysis of primary experiments were done. Besides, flow charts of various experiments were drawn, and instructor of the experiments were compiled for this university.
This experiment rig has the characteristics of integrativity,flexibility,diversity, accuracy, authenticity and low energy consumption, and we take full account of the local characteristics and development of the speciality.This accomplished experiment rig can not only meet the instructional needs of both undergraduates and graduates,but can provide the teachers and researchers with a platform which can help them do some researches about hot point of HVAC with regional features as well. This experiment rig changes the current situation of obsolete equipment and lagging test means in HVAC teaching laboratory.
引文
1齐强,赵方.浅析实验台在教学科研中的应用及发展趋势.仪器仪表用户.2005,(6):5~7
2余敏,杨茉,卢玫,章立新等.热工综合实验装置的研制开发与教学实践.上海理工大学学报(社会科学版).2006,(1) : 40~42
3张旭涛.建筑环境与设备工程专业本科生综合性实验教学实践.中国科教创新导刊2008,(14):170
4 T L White. A Winter Cooling Tower Operation for a Central Chilled-Water System. ASHRAE Trans.1994, 100(1):132~135
5徐邦裕,陆亚俊,马最良.热卡计试验台-房间空调器性能测试装置.哈建工庆65周年论文选编(二).1985:5~8
6陈文,张腊,春李云.环境与设备工程专业实践性教学环节教学研究与思路.科技资讯, 2007,(11):114
7蔡松素,田旭东,张秀平等.制冷空调产品试验装置测控系统的发展.流体机械,2002,(30)214~216
8 Doosam Song,Taeyeon Kim,Suwon Song,Suckho Hwang,Seung-Bok Leigh. Performance Evaluation of a Radiant Floor Cooling System Integrated with Dehumidified Ventilation. Applied Thermal Engineering,28(2008):1299~1311
9熊军,刘泽华,李惠敏等.建筑环境与设备工程专业设计性实验的探索.高等建筑教育,2005,(4) :92~93
10 Brunk M F. Cooling Ceiling-an Opportunity to Reduce Energy Costs by Way of Radiant Cooling. ASHRAE Trans, 1993, 102
11 Jung Dongsoo, Lee Yoonhak.A Study on the Performance of Multi-Stage Condensation Heat Pumps. International Journal of Refrigeration,2000,23(7):528~ 539
12 Hiromi Hasegawa. Development of Two-Stage Compression and Cascade Heating Heat Pump System for Hot Water Supply.ASHRAE Trans,1996,102(1):248~254
13 J. Miriel,L.Serres,A.Trombe.Radiant Ceiling Panel Heating–Cooling Systems: Experimental and Simulated Study of the Performances, Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumptions. Applied Thermal Engineering,2002,(22):1861~1873
14 W. Wang, Z.Ma,Y.Jiang,Y.Yang,S.Xu,Z.Yang. Field Test Investigation of a Double-Stage Coupled Heat Pumps Heating System for Cold Regions. International Journalof Refrigeration, 2005,28:672~679
15施永年.介绍几项制冷、空调教学试验台.天津商学院学报,1981,(1) :97~105
16孙宗保,来逢逢,邵莉等.热泵/制冷循环实验模拟与数值计算的设计.节能,2006,(3):12~14
17 K. Nagano,T.Mochida.Experiments on thermal environmental design of ceiling radiant cooling for supine human subjects. Building and Environment,2004,(39):267~275
18陈剑波,卢颖,翁文兵等.空调用换热器性能综合实验台的开发研究.上海理工大学学报,2008,30(2) :162~166
19 Zhiwei Lian,Seong-ryong Park,Henian Qi. Analysis on energy consumption of water-loop heat pump system in China. Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,(25):73~85
20郑宗和,高金水,杨玉忠等.双级热泵实验台的调试总结.暖通空调,2006,36(1) :111~114
21赵开涛,张小松,杜恺等.换热器试验台用制冷剂循环供应系统的研究.东南大学学报,1998,28(增刊) :29~32
22邵莉,孙宗保,赵斌.热泵/制冷循环模拟实验台的设计.实验技术与管理,2007,24(5) :57~60
23 A.C.GILLET. Heat pump and renewable energy. WREC 1996:641~644
24孙亚罡.松花江水源热泵系统在吉林市应用的可行性分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006:16~18
25张淑君,蒋华.用Excel软件进行空调水系统的水力计算.建筑热能通风空调,2006,(25): 97～99
26章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学.中国建筑工业出版社(第四版),2001:146～165
27 Khan Jameel-UR-Rehman, Zubair Syed M. Design and Rating of a Two-Stage Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System. Energy,1998,23(10):867~878
28 Ferraro,Vittorio, Kaliakatsos, Dimitrios.Project and Experimental Testing of the Control System of an Air-Conditioning and energy&Buildings,2006 , 38(5):554~561
29 Jorge Faca? o, Armando C. Oliveira. Thermal behaviour of closed wet cooling towers for use with chilled ceilings.Applied thermal engineering ,2000(20):1225～1236
30 Goldstein L J.Mass Transfer Experiments on Secondary Flow Vortics in a Corrugatad Wall Channel.Int Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1976
31 H.A.Jennera,S.Rajagopalb,G. Vander Veldeb, M.S. Daudc.Perforation of ABS pipes by Boring Bivalve Martesia Striata:a Case Study.International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2003,(52):229~232
32陆亚俊.空调工程中的制冷技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版社. 1997:33～34
33陆亚俊,马最良.标定型房间热平衡法实验装置的误差分析.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报.1981,(3) :29～39
34方修睦.建筑环境测试技术.中国建筑工业出版社, 2002:11～36
35田胜元,肖曰嵘.实验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1988:40～44
36马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计.化学工业出版社.2003:40～44
37 Ala Hasan,Jarek Kurnitski,Kai Jokiranta.A Combined Low Temperature Water Heating System Consisting of Radiators and Floor Heating.Energy and Buildings,2009,(41):470~479
38董建凯.空气源热泵蓄能热气除霜动态实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2008:19,82~83
39 Franc Sodec.Economic Viability of Cooling Ceiling Systems.Energy and Buildings.1999,(30):195~201
40 Jae-Weon Jeong, Stanley A.Mumma.Practical Cooling Capacity Estimation Model for a Suspended Metal Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel.Building and Environment. 2007(42):3176~3185
41 Jae-Han Lima, Jae-Hun Joa, Yong-Yee Kimb.Application of the Control Methods for Radiant Floor Cooling System in Residential Buildings.Building and Environment,2006(41):60~73
42郑贤德主编.制冷原理与装置.机械工业出版社.2001:129~158
43张家荣,赵廷元.工程常用物质的热物理性质手册.新时代出版社. 1987:43
44 J.A. Myhren, S. Holmberg.Flow Patterns and Thermal Comfort in a Room With Panel Floor and Wall Heating. Energy and Buildings , 2008,40 (4):524～536
45滕召胜.智能检测系统与数据融合.机械工业出版社, 2000:9～11
2余敏,杨茉,卢玫,章立新等.热工综合实验装置的研制开发与教学实践.上海理工大学学报(社会科学版).2006,(1) : 40~42
3张旭涛.建筑环境与设备工程专业本科生综合性实验教学实践.中国科教创新导刊2008,(14):170
4 T L White. A Winter Cooling Tower Operation for a Central Chilled-Water System. ASHRAE Trans.1994, 100(1):132~135
5徐邦裕,陆亚俊,马最良.热卡计试验台-房间空调器性能测试装置.哈建工庆65周年论文选编(二).1985:5~8
6陈文,张腊,春李云.环境与设备工程专业实践性教学环节教学研究与思路.科技资讯, 2007,(11):114
7蔡松素,田旭东,张秀平等.制冷空调产品试验装置测控系统的发展.流体机械,2002,(30)214~216
8 Doosam Song,Taeyeon Kim,Suwon Song,Suckho Hwang,Seung-Bok Leigh. Performance Evaluation of a Radiant Floor Cooling System Integrated with Dehumidified Ventilation. Applied Thermal Engineering,28(2008):1299~1311
9熊军,刘泽华,李惠敏等.建筑环境与设备工程专业设计性实验的探索.高等建筑教育,2005,(4) :92~93
10 Brunk M F. Cooling Ceiling-an Opportunity to Reduce Energy Costs by Way of Radiant Cooling. ASHRAE Trans, 1993, 102
11 Jung Dongsoo, Lee Yoonhak.A Study on the Performance of Multi-Stage Condensation Heat Pumps. International Journal of Refrigeration,2000,23(7):528~ 539
12 Hiromi Hasegawa. Development of Two-Stage Compression and Cascade Heating Heat Pump System for Hot Water Supply.ASHRAE Trans,1996,102(1):248~254
13 J. Miriel,L.Serres,A.Trombe.Radiant Ceiling Panel Heating–Cooling Systems: Experimental and Simulated Study of the Performances, Thermal Comfort and Energy Consumptions. Applied Thermal Engineering,2002,(22):1861~1873
14 W. Wang, Z.Ma,Y.Jiang,Y.Yang,S.Xu,Z.Yang. Field Test Investigation of a Double-Stage Coupled Heat Pumps Heating System for Cold Regions. International Journalof Refrigeration, 2005,28:672~679
15施永年.介绍几项制冷、空调教学试验台.天津商学院学报,1981,(1) :97~105
16孙宗保,来逢逢,邵莉等.热泵/制冷循环实验模拟与数值计算的设计.节能,2006,(3):12~14
17 K. Nagano,T.Mochida.Experiments on thermal environmental design of ceiling radiant cooling for supine human subjects. Building and Environment,2004,(39):267~275
18陈剑波,卢颖,翁文兵等.空调用换热器性能综合实验台的开发研究.上海理工大学学报,2008,30(2) :162~166
19 Zhiwei Lian,Seong-ryong Park,Henian Qi. Analysis on energy consumption of water-loop heat pump system in China. Applied Thermal Engineering,2005,(25):73~85
20郑宗和,高金水,杨玉忠等.双级热泵实验台的调试总结.暖通空调,2006,36(1) :111~114
21赵开涛,张小松,杜恺等.换热器试验台用制冷剂循环供应系统的研究.东南大学学报,1998,28(增刊) :29~32
22邵莉,孙宗保,赵斌.热泵/制冷循环模拟实验台的设计.实验技术与管理,2007,24(5) :57~60
23 A.C.GILLET. Heat pump and renewable energy. WREC 1996:641~644
24孙亚罡.松花江水源热泵系统在吉林市应用的可行性分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2006:16~18
25张淑君,蒋华.用Excel软件进行空调水系统的水力计算.建筑热能通风空调,2006,(25): 97～99
26章熙民,任泽霈,梅飞鸣.传热学.中国建筑工业出版社(第四版),2001:146～165
27 Khan Jameel-UR-Rehman, Zubair Syed M. Design and Rating of a Two-Stage Vapor-Compression Refrigeration System. Energy,1998,23(10):867~878
28 Ferraro,Vittorio, Kaliakatsos, Dimitrios.Project and Experimental Testing of the Control System of an Air-Conditioning and energy&Buildings,2006 , 38(5):554~561
29 Jorge Faca? o, Armando C. Oliveira. Thermal behaviour of closed wet cooling towers for use with chilled ceilings.Applied thermal engineering ,2000(20):1225～1236
30 Goldstein L J.Mass Transfer Experiments on Secondary Flow Vortics in a Corrugatad Wall Channel.Int Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,1976
31 H.A.Jennera,S.Rajagopalb,G. Vander Veldeb, M.S. Daudc.Perforation of ABS pipes by Boring Bivalve Martesia Striata:a Case Study.International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation,2003,(52):229~232
32陆亚俊.空调工程中的制冷技术.哈尔滨工程大学出版社. 1997:33～34
33陆亚俊,马最良.标定型房间热平衡法实验装置的误差分析.哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报.1981,(3) :29～39
34方修睦.建筑环境测试技术.中国建筑工业出版社, 2002:11～36
35田胜元,肖曰嵘.实验设计与数据处理.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1988:40～44
36马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计.化学工业出版社.2003:40～44
37 Ala Hasan,Jarek Kurnitski,Kai Jokiranta.A Combined Low Temperature Water Heating System Consisting of Radiators and Floor Heating.Energy and Buildings,2009,(41):470~479
38董建凯.空气源热泵蓄能热气除霜动态实验研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2008:19,82~83
39 Franc Sodec.Economic Viability of Cooling Ceiling Systems.Energy and Buildings.1999,(30):195~201
40 Jae-Weon Jeong, Stanley A.Mumma.Practical Cooling Capacity Estimation Model for a Suspended Metal Ceiling Radiant Cooling Panel.Building and Environment. 2007(42):3176~3185
41 Jae-Han Lima, Jae-Hun Joa, Yong-Yee Kimb.Application of the Control Methods for Radiant Floor Cooling System in Residential Buildings.Building and Environment,2006(41):60~73
42郑贤德主编.制冷原理与装置.机械工业出版社.2001:129~158
43张家荣,赵廷元.工程常用物质的热物理性质手册.新时代出版社. 1987:43
44 J.A. Myhren, S. Holmberg.Flow Patterns and Thermal Comfort in a Room With Panel Floor and Wall Heating. Energy and Buildings , 2008,40 (4):524～536
45滕召胜.智能检测系统与数据融合.机械工业出版社, 2000:9～11