地表水源热泵技术在重庆的应用研究
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摘要
环境污染和能源危机已成为当今社会的两大难题,如何在享受的同时付出最少的代价逐渐成为人类的共识,在这种背景下以环保和健康为主要特征的绿色建筑应运而生。目前,包括地源、空气源以及废热源(生活污水)等在内的环境热源热泵还没有占据建筑供热与节能市场的主要地位,但是从世界发达国家几十年的经验看,地源热泵是未来建筑节能的发展方向。
地表水源热泵系统就是利用江河、湖泊的地表水作为热泵机组的热源/热汇的一种热泵系统,当建筑物的周围有大量的地表水域可以利用时,可通过水泵和输配管路将水体的热量传递给热泵机组,或将热泵机组的热量释放到地表蓄水体中。长江、嘉陵江从重庆城区通过,地表水比较丰富,为水源热泵技术在重庆的发展提供了自然条件,如果政府、企业和居民都共同推动水源热泵发展,则水源热泵在重庆大有前途。
本文对国内外地源热泵和水源热泵进行介绍并且详细论述了相关的理论,在调查研究的基础上,分析了地表水源热泵在石榴湖、长江和嘉陵江推广的可行性,并且提出相关建议。首先,本文介绍了地表水源热泵系统的技术和特点,然后论述了水源热泵技术在我国推广应用中的制约条件和存在问题,并且给出了相关建议。然后根据石榴湖、长江和嘉陵江的环境特点,分别选取了一个有代表性的例子介绍水源热泵技术在重庆的应用的研究。最后,本文对水源热泵在重庆的发展提出了一些可行的建议,从而进一步挖掘该项节能技术的应用潜力,使其在建筑节能中的作用不断扩大。
Environmental pollution and energy crisis have become the two problems in today's society. How to enjoy at the expense of the least price has gradually become the consensus of humanity, in this context of environmental protection and health as the main characteristics of the green building came into being. At present, including the source, air and waste heat sources (sewage), the environment has not yet occupy source heat pump heating and energy-saving construction market dominant position, but from several decades of experience in the world's developed countries e, and source heat pump is the future direction of development of building energy conservation.
Groundwater heat pump system is the use of rivers, lakes, the surface water as a heat pump units heat / heat sinks of a heat pump system, when a large number of buildings around the surface waters can be used, through the distribution pipeline and pumps water heat will be transmitted to the heat pump units, or heat pump unit heat release to the surface water body. Yangtze River and Jialing River from Chongqing City passed relatively abundant surface water for water-source heat pump technology in the development of the Chongqing natural conditions, if the Government, businesses and residents promote the development of water-source heat pump together, water source heat pump in Chongqing will be promising.
In this paper, water source heat pump both at home and abroad and heat pump are introduced and discusses the theory in detail in the investigation on the basis of analysis of the surface water source heat pump in the Pomegranate Lake and the Yangtze River to promote the feasibility of the Jialing River, and to make relevant recommendations. First, this paper introduces surface water source heat pump system and the technical characteristics, and then discusses water-source heat pump technology in China to promote the application of constraints and problems, and gives the relevant recommendations. Then according to the Pomegranate Lake, the Yangtze and Jialing River’s environmental characteristics, each selected a representative example of introducing water-source heat pump technology in the application of Chongqing. Finally, this article on the water-source heat pump for the development of Chongqing in a number of practical recommendations to further tap the potential application of energy-saving technologies to make the construction of energy-saving role expand.
地表水源热泵系统就是利用江河、湖泊的地表水作为热泵机组的热源/热汇的一种热泵系统,当建筑物的周围有大量的地表水域可以利用时,可通过水泵和输配管路将水体的热量传递给热泵机组,或将热泵机组的热量释放到地表蓄水体中。长江、嘉陵江从重庆城区通过,地表水比较丰富,为水源热泵技术在重庆的发展提供了自然条件,如果政府、企业和居民都共同推动水源热泵发展,则水源热泵在重庆大有前途。
本文对国内外地源热泵和水源热泵进行介绍并且详细论述了相关的理论,在调查研究的基础上,分析了地表水源热泵在石榴湖、长江和嘉陵江推广的可行性,并且提出相关建议。首先,本文介绍了地表水源热泵系统的技术和特点,然后论述了水源热泵技术在我国推广应用中的制约条件和存在问题,并且给出了相关建议。然后根据石榴湖、长江和嘉陵江的环境特点,分别选取了一个有代表性的例子介绍水源热泵技术在重庆的应用的研究。最后,本文对水源热泵在重庆的发展提出了一些可行的建议,从而进一步挖掘该项节能技术的应用潜力,使其在建筑节能中的作用不断扩大。
Environmental pollution and energy crisis have become the two problems in today's society. How to enjoy at the expense of the least price has gradually become the consensus of humanity, in this context of environmental protection and health as the main characteristics of the green building came into being. At present, including the source, air and waste heat sources (sewage), the environment has not yet occupy source heat pump heating and energy-saving construction market dominant position, but from several decades of experience in the world's developed countries e, and source heat pump is the future direction of development of building energy conservation.
Groundwater heat pump system is the use of rivers, lakes, the surface water as a heat pump units heat / heat sinks of a heat pump system, when a large number of buildings around the surface waters can be used, through the distribution pipeline and pumps water heat will be transmitted to the heat pump units, or heat pump unit heat release to the surface water body. Yangtze River and Jialing River from Chongqing City passed relatively abundant surface water for water-source heat pump technology in the development of the Chongqing natural conditions, if the Government, businesses and residents promote the development of water-source heat pump together, water source heat pump in Chongqing will be promising.
In this paper, water source heat pump both at home and abroad and heat pump are introduced and discusses the theory in detail in the investigation on the basis of analysis of the surface water source heat pump in the Pomegranate Lake and the Yangtze River to promote the feasibility of the Jialing River, and to make relevant recommendations. First, this paper introduces surface water source heat pump system and the technical characteristics, and then discusses water-source heat pump technology in China to promote the application of constraints and problems, and gives the relevant recommendations. Then according to the Pomegranate Lake, the Yangtze and Jialing River’s environmental characteristics, each selected a representative example of introducing water-source heat pump technology in the application of Chongqing. Finally, this article on the water-source heat pump for the development of Chongqing in a number of practical recommendations to further tap the potential application of energy-saving technologies to make the construction of energy-saving role expand.
引文
[1]吕灿仁.热泵及其在我国应用的前途[M].动力机械,1957,2.
[2]吕灿仁.热泵及其在空气调节技术中运用的研究[J].天津大学报,1966,22(9).
[3]朱明善,刘颖等.工程热力学[M].清华大学出版社,2004:35-37.
[4]黄福赐.工程热力学原理与应用[M].电力工业出版社, 1982.
[5]晏刚,高志刚.,热泵循环以及系统的选择[J].建筑热能通用空调,2003,22(1).
[6]王迪生,杨乐之.活塞式压缩机结构[M].机械工业出版社,1990.
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[8]王维勇,黄尚瑶等译.低热基础理论研究[M].北京,地质出版社,1982.
[9]钱小蓉.水库水温预测模型研究[C].重庆大型学报(自然科学版),Vol. 20,No. 3, 1997 :134-140.
[10]狄彦强,王清勤,袁东立等.水源热泵的应用于发展[M].制冷与空调,2006,6(5).
[11]赵清晨.水源热泵的应用前景及应注意的问题[C].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(16).
[12]钱剑锋,孙德兴,吴荣华等.地表水源热泵辅助热源节能效果的分析[C].节能技术, 2006,24(4).
[13]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,周伟.地表水源热泵系统的设计[C].可再生资源,2002,3.
[14]刘自放,张谦均,邵丕红.水资源与取水工程[M].北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2000.
[15]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[S].中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[16]吕灿仁.热泵与节能[M].自然杂志,1981,4.
[17]高田秋一,陆政译.热泵技术的最新发展和进步[C].制冷技术, 1997,(3).
[18]刘宪英.地源热泵地下埋管换热器系统形式及设计计算[C].中国建筑信息供热制冷,2004(2).
[19]蔡义汉.地热直接利用[M].天津大学出版社,2004.
[20]金六一.工程热力学性质对制冷循环的综合影响[R].高等学校第三届工程热物理全国学术会议,Ⅲ-90Ⅲ.
[21]丁国良,张春路,詹涛.制冷压缩机热力计算的复合模糊模型[C].科学通报, 2000,6.
[22]赵军,戴传山主编.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2007,9.
[23]黄逊青.房间空调器用制冷剂安全要求探讨[R].家用电器,2004(5).
[24]阳昌陆.完全三维湍流数值模拟以及其在冷却水工程中的应用[J].水利学报, 1993:10-23.
[25]徐恒力.水资源开发与保护[M].地质出版社, 2001.
[26]高殿武.热分层湍流计算机模拟的数学模型研究[J].黑龙江矿业学报, Vol.9.No.3,1999:26-39.
[27] David R. Dinse. Geothermal system for school[M]. ASHRAE Journal, 1998,40(5).
[28] Krauss, F. The heat pump in theory and practice [M].Power,1921(54).
[29] Rafferty, K.P.E. Groundwater Heat Pump Systems: Experience at Two High Schools[C]. ASHRAE,1996:15-3.
[30] John W.Lund and Tonya L. Boyd. Geothermal Direct-use in The United States in 2000[M]. GHC BULLETIN, March 2000.
[31] James Hansen, et al. .Earth’s energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications[J].Science, 2005.
[32] Rybach, L. and B, Sanner. Ground-source Heat Pump Systems the European Experience[M]. GHC BULLETIN, March 2000.
[33] Joseph F..A wind-mixed layer model for solar ponds[R]. Solar Energy ,Vol.31.No.3. 1983:243-259.
[34] Paul R.Holland. A Numerical Study of the Dynamics of the Riverine [C]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics , 2001:311-332,
[35] F. Parrini. Rational analysis of mass, momentum, and heat transfer phenomena in liquid storage tanks under realistic operating conditions:1.basic formulation[C]. solar Energy,Vol.49.No.2. 1992:87-94.
[2]吕灿仁.热泵及其在空气调节技术中运用的研究[J].天津大学报,1966,22(9).
[3]朱明善,刘颖等.工程热力学[M].清华大学出版社,2004:35-37.
[4]黄福赐.工程热力学原理与应用[M].电力工业出版社, 1982.
[5]晏刚,高志刚.,热泵循环以及系统的选择[J].建筑热能通用空调,2003,22(1).
[6]王迪生,杨乐之.活塞式压缩机结构[M].机械工业出版社,1990.
[7]雷飞,袁旭东等.大型小区水源热泵系统的集中控制[C].华中科技大学学报, 2002,19(2).
[8]王维勇,黄尚瑶等译.低热基础理论研究[M].北京,地质出版社,1982.
[9]钱小蓉.水库水温预测模型研究[C].重庆大型学报(自然科学版),Vol. 20,No. 3, 1997 :134-140.
[10]狄彦强,王清勤,袁东立等.水源热泵的应用于发展[M].制冷与空调,2006,6(5).
[11]赵清晨.水源热泵的应用前景及应注意的问题[C].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(16).
[12]钱剑锋,孙德兴,吴荣华等.地表水源热泵辅助热源节能效果的分析[C].节能技术, 2006,24(4).
[13]曲云霞,方肇洪,张林华,周伟.地表水源热泵系统的设计[C].可再生资源,2002,3.
[14]刘自放,张谦均,邵丕红.水资源与取水工程[M].北京,中国建筑工业出版社, 2000.
[15]陆耀庆.实用供热空调设计手册[S].中国建筑工业出版社, 2005.
[16]吕灿仁.热泵与节能[M].自然杂志,1981,4.
[17]高田秋一,陆政译.热泵技术的最新发展和进步[C].制冷技术, 1997,(3).
[18]刘宪英.地源热泵地下埋管换热器系统形式及设计计算[C].中国建筑信息供热制冷,2004(2).
[19]蔡义汉.地热直接利用[M].天津大学出版社,2004.
[20]金六一.工程热力学性质对制冷循环的综合影响[R].高等学校第三届工程热物理全国学术会议,Ⅲ-90Ⅲ.
[21]丁国良,张春路,詹涛.制冷压缩机热力计算的复合模糊模型[C].科学通报, 2000,6.
[22]赵军,戴传山主编.地源热泵技术与建筑节能应用[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2007,9.
[23]黄逊青.房间空调器用制冷剂安全要求探讨[R].家用电器,2004(5).
[24]阳昌陆.完全三维湍流数值模拟以及其在冷却水工程中的应用[J].水利学报, 1993:10-23.
[25]徐恒力.水资源开发与保护[M].地质出版社, 2001.
[26]高殿武.热分层湍流计算机模拟的数学模型研究[J].黑龙江矿业学报, Vol.9.No.3,1999:26-39.
[27] David R. Dinse. Geothermal system for school[M]. ASHRAE Journal, 1998,40(5).
[28] Krauss, F. The heat pump in theory and practice [M].Power,1921(54).
[29] Rafferty, K.P.E. Groundwater Heat Pump Systems: Experience at Two High Schools[C]. ASHRAE,1996:15-3.
[30] John W.Lund and Tonya L. Boyd. Geothermal Direct-use in The United States in 2000[M]. GHC BULLETIN, March 2000.
[31] James Hansen, et al. .Earth’s energy Imbalance: Confirmation and Implications[J].Science, 2005.
[32] Rybach, L. and B, Sanner. Ground-source Heat Pump Systems the European Experience[M]. GHC BULLETIN, March 2000.
[33] Joseph F..A wind-mixed layer model for solar ponds[R]. Solar Energy ,Vol.31.No.3. 1983:243-259.
[34] Paul R.Holland. A Numerical Study of the Dynamics of the Riverine [C]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics , 2001:311-332,
[35] F. Parrini. Rational analysis of mass, momentum, and heat transfer phenomena in liquid storage tanks under realistic operating conditions:1.basic formulation[C]. solar Energy,Vol.49.No.2. 1992:87-94.