秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机的关键零部件研究
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摘要
地膜强度小,风化严重是新疆地膜回收困难的主要原因,逐年残存的地膜形成了严重的“白色污染”,为此,各界人士深切关注并探究解决方法,机械回收地膜就是其中的重要方法之一。总结以往地膜回收机的研究成果,针对新疆地膜应用的特点,本文着力研究秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机的关键零部件,旨在提高产品的使用性能,本论文主要内容如下:
秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机粉碎秸秆时容易吸膜,为了探究这个问题,利用CFD技术对风场规律进行模拟,探究甩刀形状、挡板下边与地面高度h2、留茬高度h1、刀尖与挡板间隙S1、S2和两侧间隙等参数对风场的影响。通过模拟找出吸膜问题的原因,提出改进措施。
应用专业软件的建模和分析功能得到了秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机的质心位置,用等效质心法对该联合作业机的模型进行了简化,简化有利于进行有限元分析,分析表明原悬挂架存在强度余量不足及应力集中问题。改进后悬挂架应力分布得到了改善,无明显应力集中现象,同改进前的悬挂架相比最大工作应力减少了29.1%,最大变形量减少了64.3%。应力测试分析进一步验证了悬挂架的工作能力,应力测试是对有限元分析的必要补充。
研究影响棉根漏切、切根深度及膜上土壤残留量的主要因素,参照影响程度,确定入土深度、碎土角和机具前进速度的较优组合;研究搂膜齿的排列规律、齿间距、碎土角和机具前进速度对搂膜效果的影响程度,确定参数间的较优组合。
The mulch film airslaked seriously and its strength is very weak, which cause hard to recollect mulch film. Now it has become serious White Pollution .Many people think hard to solve the film pollution. One of the most important methods is machine recollecting film. With the back of the researching, the key spare parts and key parts of the Field Straw Chopper Work with Film Collect Machine (FSCWF) have been studied. which is the important mission in this thesis. Summary as follows.
The FSCWF easily draws up the mulch film,smashes and throws it to the fields together with straw. In order to solve the problem, CFD was used to imitate the windy fields of the FSCWF. Preliminary research results indicate: 80mm cotton stubs can effectively reduce the adsorption of mulch film, reduction of the knife handles width can decrease the intensity of the wind so that less mulch film are absorbed obviously, and properly enlarging the gaps S1(S2)or the h1(h2), the wind near the ground can be reduced, which is helpful to lower the film adsorption by wind.
The 3-D model of FSCWF was established, and its mass-center was also calculated by UG software. Then, the method of equivalence mass-center was used to simplify the machine model. FEA indicated that suspension frame has not enough strength surpluses, and there was stress concentration in corners. When the frame was improved, the max-stress was reduced 29.1﹪and the max-deform was reduced 64.3﹪.Then the stress was tested by the instrument of measuring stress, which is supplement of FEA.
After studying the main facture affecting leaking roots, affecting cutting depth and remaining soil on films, then we defined the rather good compose of cutting depth, of smash soil angle and machine speed. On other hand, we studied the array of tooth, the machine speed and the space of tooth, which affected leaking film. With this study we defined their rather good compose.
秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机粉碎秸秆时容易吸膜,为了探究这个问题,利用CFD技术对风场规律进行模拟,探究甩刀形状、挡板下边与地面高度h2、留茬高度h1、刀尖与挡板间隙S1、S2和两侧间隙等参数对风场的影响。通过模拟找出吸膜问题的原因,提出改进措施。
应用专业软件的建模和分析功能得到了秸秆粉碎还田及残膜回收联合作业机的质心位置,用等效质心法对该联合作业机的模型进行了简化,简化有利于进行有限元分析,分析表明原悬挂架存在强度余量不足及应力集中问题。改进后悬挂架应力分布得到了改善,无明显应力集中现象,同改进前的悬挂架相比最大工作应力减少了29.1%,最大变形量减少了64.3%。应力测试分析进一步验证了悬挂架的工作能力,应力测试是对有限元分析的必要补充。
研究影响棉根漏切、切根深度及膜上土壤残留量的主要因素,参照影响程度,确定入土深度、碎土角和机具前进速度的较优组合;研究搂膜齿的排列规律、齿间距、碎土角和机具前进速度对搂膜效果的影响程度,确定参数间的较优组合。
The mulch film airslaked seriously and its strength is very weak, which cause hard to recollect mulch film. Now it has become serious White Pollution .Many people think hard to solve the film pollution. One of the most important methods is machine recollecting film. With the back of the researching, the key spare parts and key parts of the Field Straw Chopper Work with Film Collect Machine (FSCWF) have been studied. which is the important mission in this thesis. Summary as follows.
The FSCWF easily draws up the mulch film,smashes and throws it to the fields together with straw. In order to solve the problem, CFD was used to imitate the windy fields of the FSCWF. Preliminary research results indicate: 80mm cotton stubs can effectively reduce the adsorption of mulch film, reduction of the knife handles width can decrease the intensity of the wind so that less mulch film are absorbed obviously, and properly enlarging the gaps S1(S2)or the h1(h2), the wind near the ground can be reduced, which is helpful to lower the film adsorption by wind.
The 3-D model of FSCWF was established, and its mass-center was also calculated by UG software. Then, the method of equivalence mass-center was used to simplify the machine model. FEA indicated that suspension frame has not enough strength surpluses, and there was stress concentration in corners. When the frame was improved, the max-stress was reduced 29.1﹪and the max-deform was reduced 64.3﹪.Then the stress was tested by the instrument of measuring stress, which is supplement of FEA.
After studying the main facture affecting leaking roots, affecting cutting depth and remaining soil on films, then we defined the rather good compose of cutting depth, of smash soil angle and machine speed. On other hand, we studied the array of tooth, the machine speed and the space of tooth, which affected leaking film. With this study we defined their rather good compose.
引文
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[3] 文启凯.新疆作物覆膜土壤生态与栽培,新疆科技卫生出版社,316～320
[4] 陶鼎来.中国农业工程[M].中国农业出版社,2002.
[5] 赵国庆,崔文法.地膜覆盖的危害及防止办法[J].农资科技,2000,(2):30
[6] 张东兴.农用残膜的回收问题[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,3(6):103～106
[7] 张东兴.农用残膜回收问题探讨[J] .中国农业大学学报,1997,(6):5～6
[8] 秦朝明,王序俭.农用地膜的回收现状与思考[J].农牧与食品机械,1999,(4):1～2
[9] 胡建胜.新疆常用的地膜覆盖机和残膜回收机[J].新疆农业科技,1996,(6):25～26
[10] R.L.Parish and R.P.Removal and collection of plastic mulch.An ASAE Meeting Presentation 2000.
[11] Parry, J.R.1972.Farm machine for removing protective ground covers from a cultivated field.US.Patent No.3687392.
[12] Chrysler , R.W.1989 Apparatus for removing plastic film from raised plant beds.US.patent No.4796711.
[13] Sawyer,A.G.and R.L ROBERSON.1993.Plastic sheet take～up implements.US Patent No.5236051.
[14] Lavo,G.1995.Machine for removing wide strips laid out on the ground.US Patent No.538686876.
[15] Brooks,T.W 1995.Apparatus for removing and baling plastic mulch.US.Patent No.542652
[16] Brooks,T.W 1997.Apparatus for recycling previously used agricultural plastic film mulch.US.Patent No.5635224.
[17] R.L.Parish.An Automated Machine for Removal of Plastic Mulch.Transactions of the ASAE,1999.VOL.42(1):49～51
[18] 张德云,李亚雄.4FS-2 型地膜联合回收机的改进设计[J].农牧与食品机械,1994(4):23～25
[19] 王学农,冯斌,陈发等.4JSM-1800 棉秆还田及残膜回收联合作业机研制.新疆农机化[J],2003,4:53～54
[20] 史建新,陈发,郭俊先等.抛送式秸秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验.农业工程学报[J],2006,3:28～31
[21] 郭伟,王富明.新型残膜回收与茎秆粉碎联合作业机研制成功.农业技术推广[J] ,2006(11) ,38
[22] 史建新,陈发,赵海军.残膜回收机捡膜杆齿的载荷分析.农机化研究[J],2005,3:42～46
[23] 王学农,冯斌,陈发.棉秸秆切碎及残膜回收联合作业关键技术研究.新疆农业大学学报[J],2005,3:155～157
[24] 吕小莲,史建新,吕小荣.秸秆还田机振动的原因及解决措施.农业机械[J],2004,9:43～45
[25] 毛罕平,陈翠英.棉秆粉碎掩埋复式作业机的试验研究.农业机械学报[J],1996,27(3):42～46
[26] 赵海军,史建新,陈发.两种捡膜齿滚筒结构的运动学原理及工艺结构的研究.河南科技大学报[J],2005,26(1):64～67
[27] 傅德熏,马延文.计算流体力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[28] 黄卫星,陈文梅.工程流体力学[M].北京:化工出版社,2001.
[29] 郭裂锦.两相与多相流动力学[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[30] 王福军.计算流体动力学分析—CFD 软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[31] 董玉平,由世俊,叶天震,王海霞.高大空间建筑分层空调 CFD 模拟研究.流体机械[J],2004,32(5):60～64
[32] 宋岩,朱世军,孟繁宇.超大空间气流组织 CFD 模拟.黑龙江科学技术学院报[J],2004,14(5): 293～296
[33] 王茂成,邵敏.有限元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.
[34] 郑孝慈.蒋宏涛.结构分析中的有限元法基础及应用[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1993.
[35] 王勖成,邵敏,有限单元法基本原理和数值方法(第 2 版) [M].北京:清华大学出版社.1999.
[36] 王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[37] 刘耀乙.材料力学(Ⅱ)[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.2004.216～219
[38] 徐灏,邱宣怀,蔡春源.机械设计手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[39] 耿鲁怡,徐六飞编译. UG 结构分析培训教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.
[40] 吉林工业大学农机系,第一机械工业部农业机械科学研究院编.应变片电测技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1978.
[41] [苏]安尼洛维奇,瓦达拉岭柯.拖拉机的设计和计算[M].中国农业机械出版社,1982.
[42] 计欣华,邓宗白,鲁阳.工程实验力学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[43] 史建新,陈发,郭俊先,王学农等.抛送式棉秆粉碎还田机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(3),68～72
[44] 北京农业工程大学.农业机械学[M].中国农业出版社,1999.
[45] Г.Н.西涅阿科夫,И.М.潘诺夫等.土壤耕作机械的理论和计算[M].中国农业机械出版社,1977,59～82,215～237
[46] 南京农业大学主编.农业机械学(上册)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996,8.
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