塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系碳酸盐岩微相与成岩作用研究
|
摘要
本文以塔里木盆地塔中地区和巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面碳酸盐岩岩石样品为基础,综合运用岩石学、沉积学、地球化学等方法,利用微相和成岩作用作为基本的研究手段,将岩心、露头、室内分析试验等有机结合,对塔里木盆地塔中地区和巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面的碳酸盐岩储层岩石学特征、地球化学特征、白云岩成岩机理、储层发育规律等进行了较为系统的研究。
塔中地区有利灰岩储集层分布于上奥陶统良里塔格组和中下奥陶统鹰山组,以良里塔格组颗粒灰岩段最发育。上奥陶统石灰岩段储层总体上具有低孔低渗的特点,纵向上存在着致密段和储层发育段。下奥陶统同样存在孔渗较低的特征,储集空间主要发育裂缝型、孔隙型和裂缝—孔隙型。白云岩分布于整个寒武系和部分下奥陶统地层,对储层贡献较大的成岩作用是晚期深埋压实流和混合水白云石化。白云石含量介于50%～80%的自形—半自形细晶或中晶白云岩最有利于形成晶间孔发育。同时,深部埋藏厚层白云岩,存在良好的储集空间,具有形成有利储层的巨大潜力。
巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面是以棘皮动物和介形虫为主的生物碎屑泥粒石灰岩和粒泥石灰岩,陆源碎屑主要是石英和粘土矿物(以高岭石和云母为主,包括绿泥石,伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石混层矿物和蛭石)。根据微相综合分析研究,界面地层以海水成岩为主,部分岩石可见后期抬升后淡水成岩作用的影响。成岩相为较温暖的(古环境温度区间为12.2～16℃)低能陆棚相,后期经历了埋藏压实成岩,地层抬升后的大气淡水溶蚀作用和风化剥蚀作用的影响。地层界面的发育有利于地下流体的渗透和运移,对界面下的岩溶发育具有控制作用。
通过微相与成岩的研究,塔里木盆地塔中地区颗粒滩和(半)局限海台地泻湖石灰岩及深部埋藏白云岩具有较好的储层潜力。沉积相、白云石化作用、埋藏溶蚀作用是控制储层发育的主要因素。通过沉积相确定有利的礁滩发育位置及提高深部埋藏白云岩储层的认识是今后勘探的重点。
Based on the carbonate samples taken from Tazhong area and T_7~4 unconformity interface in Bachu area, Tarim basin, this dissertation focuses on the research of lithology, geochemistry, diagenetic machanism of dolomite and reservoir characteristics by the methods of microfacies and diagenesis.
Reservoir rocks of limestone in Tazhong area mainly distribute in Lianglitage formation in the Upper Ordovican and Yinshan formation in the Middle-Lower Ordovician especially in the grainstones bands in Lianglitage formation. The lime reservoir in Upper Ordovician characterised with lower porosity and lower permeability but some bands in the vertical orientation have compacted sequences and good quality for the reservoir. The sequences in the Lower Ordovician have the same characters as the Upper Ordovician. Fracture, pore and fracture-pore are the three significiant types for the reservoir spaces. Dolimite occurred in the whole Cambrian and some Lower Ordovician sequences. The key diagenesis to the dolomitic reservoir consists of burial compaction and mixing-zone dolomitization models. Three factors are important to the quality of intercrystalline pores in dolomite: with the content from 50% to 80%, fine or medium crystals, idiomorphic or subidiomorphic dolomite. The development of deep burial dolomite with tremendous thickness is benefit to the reservoir qualities
On the basis of the microfacies analysis, the lithology of T_7~4 unconfirmaty interface mainly consists of packstone and wackstone. Echinoids especially in crinoids and ostrocods are rich in the bioclastic limestone. Detrital material of terrigenous origin includes quartz and clay minerals such as kaolinite, mica, chlorite, mixed-layer clay and vermiculite. According to the integrated facies analysis, marine diagenetic environment controlled the sedimentary of original sequences and then the sequences experienced deep burial, uplift and meteoric erosion. Diagenetic facies is in the shelf with low energy and relative warm temperature (paleotemperature range from 12.2℃to 16℃). The boundary sequences benefit to the fluid transports and control the development of karst.
By the analysis of micrfacies and diagenesis, the grainstone bank and the lagoon in the restricted platform for limestone and deep burial dolomite have the ability to be the good reservoir. Facies, dolomitization and deep burial dissolution are the key factors to the development of reservoir. Therefore, the exploration aim should pay more attention to the reef flat and deep burial dolomite in Tazhong area.
塔中地区有利灰岩储集层分布于上奥陶统良里塔格组和中下奥陶统鹰山组,以良里塔格组颗粒灰岩段最发育。上奥陶统石灰岩段储层总体上具有低孔低渗的特点,纵向上存在着致密段和储层发育段。下奥陶统同样存在孔渗较低的特征,储集空间主要发育裂缝型、孔隙型和裂缝—孔隙型。白云岩分布于整个寒武系和部分下奥陶统地层,对储层贡献较大的成岩作用是晚期深埋压实流和混合水白云石化。白云石含量介于50%～80%的自形—半自形细晶或中晶白云岩最有利于形成晶间孔发育。同时,深部埋藏厚层白云岩,存在良好的储集空间,具有形成有利储层的巨大潜力。
巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面是以棘皮动物和介形虫为主的生物碎屑泥粒石灰岩和粒泥石灰岩,陆源碎屑主要是石英和粘土矿物(以高岭石和云母为主,包括绿泥石,伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石混层矿物和蛭石)。根据微相综合分析研究,界面地层以海水成岩为主,部分岩石可见后期抬升后淡水成岩作用的影响。成岩相为较温暖的(古环境温度区间为12.2～16℃)低能陆棚相,后期经历了埋藏压实成岩,地层抬升后的大气淡水溶蚀作用和风化剥蚀作用的影响。地层界面的发育有利于地下流体的渗透和运移,对界面下的岩溶发育具有控制作用。
通过微相与成岩的研究,塔里木盆地塔中地区颗粒滩和(半)局限海台地泻湖石灰岩及深部埋藏白云岩具有较好的储层潜力。沉积相、白云石化作用、埋藏溶蚀作用是控制储层发育的主要因素。通过沉积相确定有利的礁滩发育位置及提高深部埋藏白云岩储层的认识是今后勘探的重点。
Based on the carbonate samples taken from Tazhong area and T_7~4 unconformity interface in Bachu area, Tarim basin, this dissertation focuses on the research of lithology, geochemistry, diagenetic machanism of dolomite and reservoir characteristics by the methods of microfacies and diagenesis.
Reservoir rocks of limestone in Tazhong area mainly distribute in Lianglitage formation in the Upper Ordovican and Yinshan formation in the Middle-Lower Ordovician especially in the grainstones bands in Lianglitage formation. The lime reservoir in Upper Ordovician characterised with lower porosity and lower permeability but some bands in the vertical orientation have compacted sequences and good quality for the reservoir. The sequences in the Lower Ordovician have the same characters as the Upper Ordovician. Fracture, pore and fracture-pore are the three significiant types for the reservoir spaces. Dolimite occurred in the whole Cambrian and some Lower Ordovician sequences. The key diagenesis to the dolomitic reservoir consists of burial compaction and mixing-zone dolomitization models. Three factors are important to the quality of intercrystalline pores in dolomite: with the content from 50% to 80%, fine or medium crystals, idiomorphic or subidiomorphic dolomite. The development of deep burial dolomite with tremendous thickness is benefit to the reservoir qualities
On the basis of the microfacies analysis, the lithology of T_7~4 unconfirmaty interface mainly consists of packstone and wackstone. Echinoids especially in crinoids and ostrocods are rich in the bioclastic limestone. Detrital material of terrigenous origin includes quartz and clay minerals such as kaolinite, mica, chlorite, mixed-layer clay and vermiculite. According to the integrated facies analysis, marine diagenetic environment controlled the sedimentary of original sequences and then the sequences experienced deep burial, uplift and meteoric erosion. Diagenetic facies is in the shelf with low energy and relative warm temperature (paleotemperature range from 12.2℃to 16℃). The boundary sequences benefit to the fluid transports and control the development of karst.
By the analysis of micrfacies and diagenesis, the grainstone bank and the lagoon in the restricted platform for limestone and deep burial dolomite have the ability to be the good reservoir. Facies, dolomitization and deep burial dissolution are the key factors to the development of reservoir. Therefore, the exploration aim should pay more attention to the reef flat and deep burial dolomite in Tazhong area.
引文
Adams A E, Mackenzie W S. Carbonate sediments and rocks under the microscope. London: Manson, 1998
Aharon P. Recorders of reef environment histories: stable isotopes in corals, giant clams, and calcareous algae. Coral Reefs, 1991, 10: 71-90
Aller R C. Bioturbation and manganese cycling in hemipelagic sediments. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, Ser. A, 1990, 331s 51-68
Bausch W M. Geochemische Analyse von Karbonatgesteins-Sequenzen. Abh. Geol. Bundesanst., 1994,50: 25-29
Bemer R A. Early diagenesis as theoretical approach. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1980. 241
Chester R. Marine geochemistry. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. 698
De Keyser, T.L. (1999): Digital scanning of thin sections and peels. J. Sed. Research, B69, 962-964
De Leeuw J W, Frewin N L, Van Bergen P F. Organic carbon as a paleoenvironmental indicator in the marine realm. In: Bosence D W, Allison P A, eds. Marine paleoenvironmental analysis from fossils. London: Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 1995. 43-71
Dunham R J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to their depositional texture, In: Ham W E, ed. Classification of Carbonate Rocks - a symposium. Tulsa: AAPG Memoir 1962. 108-121
Enos P, Sawatsky L H. Pore networks in Holocene carbonate sediments. Journal of sedimentary petrology, 51: 961-986
Fluegel E. Microfacied of Carbonate Rocks - Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Berlin: Springer, 2004
Folk R L. Practical petrographic classification of limestone. Tulsa: AAPG Bulletin, 43: 1-38
Goldberg E D. Minor elements in sea water. In: Riley J P, Skirrow G, eds. Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1986
Hardie L. Dolomitisation: a critical view of some current views. J. Sed. Petrol., 1987, 57: 166-183
Hardy R, Tucker M. X-ray powder diffraction of sediments. In: Tucker M, ed. Techniques in sedimentology. Oxford:Blackwell, 1988. 191-228
Hladil J. Trends in the development and cyclic patterns of Middle and Upper Devonian buildups. Facies, 1986, 15: 1-34
Hemming N G, Meyers W J, Grams J C. Cathodoluminescence in diagenetic calcites: the roles of Fe and Mn as deduced from electron probe and spectrophotometric measurements. J. Sed. Petrol.,1989,59: 401-411
Hopf H, Thiel V, Reitner J. An example for black shale development on a carbonate platform: (Late Triassic, Seefeld, Austria). Facies, 2001,45: 203-210
James N P. Reef environment. Tulsa: AAPG, 1979, 33: 346-440
Jenkyns H C, Clayton C J. Black shales and carbon isotopes in pelagic sediments from the Tethyan Lower Jurassic. Sedimentology, 1986, 33: 87-106,
Kobluk D R, Vyas A H. An inexpensive, high-precision, computer-interfaced mocroscope stage. Salzburg: Geobyte, 1989. 55-61
Koch R, Rothe P. X-ray mineralogy studies - Leg 43. In: Rep. DSDP, Washington, XLIII, 1979. 1019-1041.
Land L S. The origin of massive dolomite: summary and suggestion. J. Geol. Educ, 1985, 33: 112-125
Machel H G, Hunter I G. Facies models for Middle and Late Devonian shallow-marine carbonates with comparison to modern reefs: a guide for facies analysis. Facies, 1994, 30: 51-76
Masaryk P, Lintnerova O, Michalik J. Sedimentology, lithofacies and diagenesis of the sediments of the Reifling intraplatform basins in the Central Western Carpathians. Geologica Carpathica, 1993, 44: 233-249
Meyers W J. Calcite cement stratigraphy: an overview. In: Barker C E and Kopp O C, eds. Luminescence microscopy and spectroscopy: qualitative and quantitative applications. Tulsa : Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min. Short Course, 1991. 133-148
Moore C H. Carbonate Diagenesis and Porosity. New York: Elsevier, 1989
Morrow D W. Dolomite - part 2: dolomitization models and ancient dolostones. Geosci. Canada, 1982,9: 95-107
Mueller G. A pocket microscope for grain size measurement in the field. J. Sed. Petrol., 1967, 37(2): 703-704
Muller G, Gastner M. The 'Karbonat-Bombe', a simple device for the determination of the carbonate content in sediments, soils and other materials. N. Jb. Min. Mh., 1971, 10: 466-469
Rasser M W, Fenninger A. Paleoenvironmental and diagenetic implications of dl8O and dl3C isotope ratios from the Upper Jurassic Plassenkalk (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). Geobios, 2002,35: 41-49
Read J F. Overview of carbonate platform sequences, cycle stratigraphy and reservoirs in greenhose and ice-house worlds. In: Read J F, Kerans C, and Weber L J, eds. Milankovitch sea level changes, cycles and reservoirs on carbonate platform in greenhouse and ice-house worlds. Part 1. Tulsa: Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., Short Course, 1995. 1-102
Scholle P A, Ulmer-Scholle D S. A color guide to the petrography of carbonate rocks: Grains, textures, porosity, diagenesis. Tulsa: AAPG, 2003
Sippel R F, Glover E D. Structures in carbonate rocks made visible by luminescence petrography. Science, 1965, 150: 1283-1287
Schlager W. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of carbonate rocks. Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit/Earth and Life Sciences) 2002,146
Trewin,N.Use of the scannning electron microscope in sedimentology.In:Tucker M E,ed.Techniques in sedimentology.Oxford:Blackwell,1988.229-273
Tucker M E.Sedimentary Petrology:An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks.Oxford:Blackwell,1981
Veizer J,Demovic R.Environmental and climatic controlled fractionation of elements in the Mesozoic carbonate sequence of the western Carpathians.J.Sed.Petrol.,1973,43(1):258-271
Walkden G M,Berry J R.Syntaxial overgrowths in muddy crinoidal limestones:cathodeluminescence sheds new light on an old problem.Sedimentology,1984(31):251-267
Welton J E.SEM petrology atlas.Tulsa:AAPG,1984
Wilson J L.Carbonate facies in geologic history.New York:Springer,1975.471
艾华国,兰林英,张克银.塔里木盆地不整合面下的碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙特征.新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):112-118
包洪平,杨承运.碳酸盐岩微相及其在岩相古地理中的意义.岩相古地理,1999,19(6):23-29
鲍志东,朱井泉,江茂生,等.海平面升降中的元素地球化学响应—以塔中地区奥陶纪为例.沉积学报,1998,16(4):32-36
陈锦石,陈文正.碳同位素地质学概论.北京:地质出版社,1983
陈景山,王振宁,等.塔里木盆地寒武、奥陶系储层特征与生物礁分布规律研究.1998,“九.五”成果报告
陈强路,钱一雄,马红强,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化.石油实验地质,2003,25(6):729-734
陈荣坤.稳定氧碳同位素在碳酸盐岩成岩环境研究中的应用.沉积学报,1994(12):11-21
陈永权,周新源,赵葵东,等.塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层的地球化学特征与成因探讨.高校地质学报,2008,14(4):584-592
邓宏文,王红亮,祝永军,等.高分辨率层序地层学—原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,2002
樊爱萍,杨仁超,李义军.成岩作用研究进展与发展方向.特种油气藏,2009,16(2):1-8
樊太亮,于炳松,高志前.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用.现代地质,2007,21(1):58-65
冯增昭.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
冯增昭,鲍志东,吴茂炳,等.塔里木地区奥陶纪岩相古地理.古地理学报,2007,9(5):1-7
高志前,樊太亮,李岩,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶纪海平面升降变化规律研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(4):549-556
顾家裕.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩特征及成因.新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):120-123
郝广雷.流体包裹体研究现状.内蒙古石油化工,2009,7:9-11
黄思静,卿海若,胡作维,等.川东三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的阴极发光特征与成岩作用.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(1):26-34
黄文辉,刘文中,Bausch W M.碳酸盐岩中酸不溶残余物的矿物学研究及其成因探讨.淮南矿业学报,1997,17(3):1-5
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.塔里术盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.71-81
贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
江茂生,朱井泉,陈代钊,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩碳、锶同位素特征及其对海平面变化的响应.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(1):36-42
金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题.地学前缘,2005,12(3):16-21
刘宝珺.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1980
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,1994,19(6):727-741
刘忠宝,谢华锋,于炳松,等.塔中地区西部奥陶系岩溶发育特征及其与关键不整合面的关系.地层学杂志,2007,31(2):127-132.
马红强,陈强路,陈红汉,等.盐水包裹体在成岩作用研究中的应用.石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊):601-606
马永生,梅冥相,陈小兵,等.碳酸盐岩储层沉积学.北京:地质出版社,1999
梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因结构分类体系的补充.地学前缘,2007,14(5):222-234
潘曙兰,乔广生,译.同位素地质系原理.北京:科学出版社,1983
彭苏萍,何宏,邵龙义,等.塔里木盆地C-O碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征.中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(4):353-357
钱一雄,Conxita Taberner,邹森林,等.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较—以塔北和塔中地区为例.海相油气地质,2007,12(2):1-7
阮壮,于炳松,朱金富.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩相储集体特征.现代地质,2009,23(4):691-698
邵龙义.碳酸盐岩氧、碳同位素与古温度等的关系.中国矿业大学学报,1994,23(1):39-45
邵龙义,何宏,彭苏萍,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起寒武系及奥陶系白云岩类型及形成机理.古地理学报,2002,4(2):19-28
邵学钟,张家茹.范会吉.天山造山带地壳结构与构造—乌鲁木齐—库尔勒地震转换波测深 剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):336-346
沈昭国,陈永武,郭建华.塔里木盆地下古生界白云石化成因机理及模式探讨.新疆石油地质,1995,16(4):319-323
舒良树,马瑞士,郭令智.天山东段推覆构造研究.地质科学,1997,32(3):338-350
王大锐,白玉雷,贾承造.塔里木中、上奥陶统碳同位素组成正向偏移的石油地质学意义.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):15-16
王大锐,白玉雷.碳酸盐岩中稳定同位素对古气候的表征.石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):30-32
王宏斌.海相碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探技术、方法及应用:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009
王黎栋,于炳松,张永旺,等.塔里木盆地西部康克林组沉积期生物礁滩体—以柯坪地区苏巴什露头剖面为例.现代地质,2006(2):291-298
王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,等.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动.科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547
王琪,史基安,陈国俊,等.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用.沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555
王琪,陈国俊.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系.新疆地质,2002,20(1):23-28
魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造—沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测.沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-413
吴世敏,卢华复,马瑞士,等.西天山一带大地构造相划分及其构造演化特征.中国区域地质,1995,2:149-188
夏日元,唐建生,邹胜章,等.碳酸盐岩油气田古岩溶研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用.地球学报,2006,27(5):503-509
姚根顺,沈安江,潘文庆,等译.克莱德H.莫尔著.碳酸盐岩储层—层序地层格架中的成岩作用和孔隙演化.北京:石油工业出版社,2008
叶德胜.塔里木盆北部丘里塔格群(寒武至奥陶系)白云岩的成因.沉积学报,1992,(4):77-85
于炳松,陈建强,李兴武,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统底部黑色页岩地球化学及其岩石圈演化意义.中国科学D辑,2002,32(5):374-382
于炳松,乐昌硕.沉积岩物质成分所蕴含的地球深部信息.地学前缘,1998,5(3):105-112
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题.中国地震,1996,12(2):127-140
朱井泉,吴仕强,王国学,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系主要白云岩类型及孔隙发育特征.地 学前缘,2008,15(2):67-79
Aharon P. Recorders of reef environment histories: stable isotopes in corals, giant clams, and calcareous algae. Coral Reefs, 1991, 10: 71-90
Aller R C. Bioturbation and manganese cycling in hemipelagic sediments. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, Ser. A, 1990, 331s 51-68
Bausch W M. Geochemische Analyse von Karbonatgesteins-Sequenzen. Abh. Geol. Bundesanst., 1994,50: 25-29
Bemer R A. Early diagenesis as theoretical approach. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1980. 241
Chester R. Marine geochemistry. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. 698
De Keyser, T.L. (1999): Digital scanning of thin sections and peels. J. Sed. Research, B69, 962-964
De Leeuw J W, Frewin N L, Van Bergen P F. Organic carbon as a paleoenvironmental indicator in the marine realm. In: Bosence D W, Allison P A, eds. Marine paleoenvironmental analysis from fossils. London: Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ., 1995. 43-71
Dunham R J. Classification of carbonate rocks according to their depositional texture, In: Ham W E, ed. Classification of Carbonate Rocks - a symposium. Tulsa: AAPG Memoir 1962. 108-121
Enos P, Sawatsky L H. Pore networks in Holocene carbonate sediments. Journal of sedimentary petrology, 51: 961-986
Fluegel E. Microfacied of Carbonate Rocks - Analysis, Interpretation and Application. Berlin: Springer, 2004
Folk R L. Practical petrographic classification of limestone. Tulsa: AAPG Bulletin, 43: 1-38
Goldberg E D. Minor elements in sea water. In: Riley J P, Skirrow G, eds. Chemical Oceanography, Vol. 1. New York: Academic Press, 1986
Hardie L. Dolomitisation: a critical view of some current views. J. Sed. Petrol., 1987, 57: 166-183
Hardy R, Tucker M. X-ray powder diffraction of sediments. In: Tucker M, ed. Techniques in sedimentology. Oxford:Blackwell, 1988. 191-228
Hladil J. Trends in the development and cyclic patterns of Middle and Upper Devonian buildups. Facies, 1986, 15: 1-34
Hemming N G, Meyers W J, Grams J C. Cathodoluminescence in diagenetic calcites: the roles of Fe and Mn as deduced from electron probe and spectrophotometric measurements. J. Sed. Petrol.,1989,59: 401-411
Hopf H, Thiel V, Reitner J. An example for black shale development on a carbonate platform: (Late Triassic, Seefeld, Austria). Facies, 2001,45: 203-210
James N P. Reef environment. Tulsa: AAPG, 1979, 33: 346-440
Jenkyns H C, Clayton C J. Black shales and carbon isotopes in pelagic sediments from the Tethyan Lower Jurassic. Sedimentology, 1986, 33: 87-106,
Kobluk D R, Vyas A H. An inexpensive, high-precision, computer-interfaced mocroscope stage. Salzburg: Geobyte, 1989. 55-61
Koch R, Rothe P. X-ray mineralogy studies - Leg 43. In: Rep. DSDP, Washington, XLIII, 1979. 1019-1041.
Land L S. The origin of massive dolomite: summary and suggestion. J. Geol. Educ, 1985, 33: 112-125
Machel H G, Hunter I G. Facies models for Middle and Late Devonian shallow-marine carbonates with comparison to modern reefs: a guide for facies analysis. Facies, 1994, 30: 51-76
Masaryk P, Lintnerova O, Michalik J. Sedimentology, lithofacies and diagenesis of the sediments of the Reifling intraplatform basins in the Central Western Carpathians. Geologica Carpathica, 1993, 44: 233-249
Meyers W J. Calcite cement stratigraphy: an overview. In: Barker C E and Kopp O C, eds. Luminescence microscopy and spectroscopy: qualitative and quantitative applications. Tulsa : Soc. Econ. Paleont. Min. Short Course, 1991. 133-148
Moore C H. Carbonate Diagenesis and Porosity. New York: Elsevier, 1989
Morrow D W. Dolomite - part 2: dolomitization models and ancient dolostones. Geosci. Canada, 1982,9: 95-107
Mueller G. A pocket microscope for grain size measurement in the field. J. Sed. Petrol., 1967, 37(2): 703-704
Muller G, Gastner M. The 'Karbonat-Bombe', a simple device for the determination of the carbonate content in sediments, soils and other materials. N. Jb. Min. Mh., 1971, 10: 466-469
Rasser M W, Fenninger A. Paleoenvironmental and diagenetic implications of dl8O and dl3C isotope ratios from the Upper Jurassic Plassenkalk (Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria). Geobios, 2002,35: 41-49
Read J F. Overview of carbonate platform sequences, cycle stratigraphy and reservoirs in greenhose and ice-house worlds. In: Read J F, Kerans C, and Weber L J, eds. Milankovitch sea level changes, cycles and reservoirs on carbonate platform in greenhouse and ice-house worlds. Part 1. Tulsa: Soc. Econ. Paleont. Miner., Short Course, 1995. 1-102
Scholle P A, Ulmer-Scholle D S. A color guide to the petrography of carbonate rocks: Grains, textures, porosity, diagenesis. Tulsa: AAPG, 2003
Sippel R F, Glover E D. Structures in carbonate rocks made visible by luminescence petrography. Science, 1965, 150: 1283-1287
Schlager W. Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of carbonate rocks. Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit/Earth and Life Sciences) 2002,146
Trewin,N.Use of the scannning electron microscope in sedimentology.In:Tucker M E,ed.Techniques in sedimentology.Oxford:Blackwell,1988.229-273
Tucker M E.Sedimentary Petrology:An Introduction to the Origin of Sedimentary Rocks.Oxford:Blackwell,1981
Veizer J,Demovic R.Environmental and climatic controlled fractionation of elements in the Mesozoic carbonate sequence of the western Carpathians.J.Sed.Petrol.,1973,43(1):258-271
Walkden G M,Berry J R.Syntaxial overgrowths in muddy crinoidal limestones:cathodeluminescence sheds new light on an old problem.Sedimentology,1984(31):251-267
Welton J E.SEM petrology atlas.Tulsa:AAPG,1984
Wilson J L.Carbonate facies in geologic history.New York:Springer,1975.471
艾华国,兰林英,张克银.塔里木盆地不整合面下的碳酸盐岩成岩作用及孔隙特征.新疆石油地质,1998,19(2):112-118
包洪平,杨承运.碳酸盐岩微相及其在岩相古地理中的意义.岩相古地理,1999,19(6):23-29
鲍志东,朱井泉,江茂生,等.海平面升降中的元素地球化学响应—以塔中地区奥陶纪为例.沉积学报,1998,16(4):32-36
陈锦石,陈文正.碳同位素地质学概论.北京:地质出版社,1983
陈景山,王振宁,等.塔里木盆地寒武、奥陶系储层特征与生物礁分布规律研究.1998,“九.五”成果报告
陈强路,钱一雄,马红强,等.塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化.石油实验地质,2003,25(6):729-734
陈荣坤.稳定氧碳同位素在碳酸盐岩成岩环境研究中的应用.沉积学报,1994(12):11-21
陈永权,周新源,赵葵东,等.塔里木盆地中寒武统泥晶白云岩红层的地球化学特征与成因探讨.高校地质学报,2008,14(4):584-592
邓宏文,王红亮,祝永军,等.高分辨率层序地层学—原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,2002
樊爱萍,杨仁超,李义军.成岩作用研究进展与发展方向.特种油气藏,2009,16(2):1-8
樊太亮,于炳松,高志前.塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层特征及其控油作用.现代地质,2007,21(1):58-65
冯增昭.沉积岩石学.北京:石油工业出版社,1993
冯增昭,鲍志东,吴茂炳,等.塔里木地区奥陶纪岩相古地理.古地理学报,2007,9(5):1-7
高志前,樊太亮,李岩,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶纪海平面升降变化规律研究.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2006,36(4):549-556
顾家裕.塔里木盆地下奥陶统白云岩特征及成因.新疆石油地质,2000,21(2):120-123
郝广雷.流体包裹体研究现状.内蒙古石油化工,2009,7:9-11
黄思静,卿海若,胡作维,等.川东三叠系飞仙关组碳酸盐岩的阴极发光特征与成岩作用.地球科学—中国地质大学学报,2008,33(1):26-34
黄文辉,刘文中,Bausch W M.碳酸盐岩中酸不溶残余物的矿物学研究及其成因探讨.淮南矿业学报,1997,17(3):1-5
贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.塔里术盆地构造演化与区域构造地质.北京:石油工业出版社,1994.71-81
贾承造.中国塔里木盆地构造特征与油气.北京:石油工业出版社,1997
江茂生,朱井泉,陈代钊,等.塔里木盆地奥陶纪碳酸盐岩碳、锶同位素特征及其对海平面变化的响应.中国科学(D辑),2002,32(1):36-42
金之钧.中国海相碳酸盐岩层系油气勘探特殊性问题.地学前缘,2005,12(3):16-21
刘宝珺.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1980
刘和甫,梁慧社,蔡立国,等.天山两侧前陆盆地冲断系构造样式与前陆盆地演化.地球科学,1994,19(6):727-741
刘忠宝,谢华锋,于炳松,等.塔中地区西部奥陶系岩溶发育特征及其与关键不整合面的关系.地层学杂志,2007,31(2):127-132.
马红强,陈强路,陈红汉,等.盐水包裹体在成岩作用研究中的应用.石油实验地质,2003,25(增刊):601-606
马永生,梅冥相,陈小兵,等.碳酸盐岩储层沉积学.北京:地质出版社,1999
梅冥相.微生物碳酸盐岩分类体系的修订:对灰岩成因结构分类体系的补充.地学前缘,2007,14(5):222-234
潘曙兰,乔广生,译.同位素地质系原理.北京:科学出版社,1983
彭苏萍,何宏,邵龙义,等.塔里木盆地C-O碳酸盐岩碳同位素组成特征.中国矿业大学学报,2002,31(4):353-357
钱一雄,Conxita Taberner,邹森林,等.碳酸盐岩表生岩溶与埋藏溶蚀比较—以塔北和塔中地区为例.海相油气地质,2007,12(2):1-7
阮壮,于炳松,朱金富.塔里木盆地奥陶系礁滩相储集体特征.现代地质,2009,23(4):691-698
邵龙义.碳酸盐岩氧、碳同位素与古温度等的关系.中国矿业大学学报,1994,23(1):39-45
邵龙义,何宏,彭苏萍,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起寒武系及奥陶系白云岩类型及形成机理.古地理学报,2002,4(2):19-28
邵学钟,张家茹.范会吉.天山造山带地壳结构与构造—乌鲁木齐—库尔勒地震转换波测深 剖面.地球物理学报,1996,39(3):336-346
沈昭国,陈永武,郭建华.塔里木盆地下古生界白云石化成因机理及模式探讨.新疆石油地质,1995,16(4):319-323
舒良树,马瑞士,郭令智.天山东段推覆构造研究.地质科学,1997,32(3):338-350
王大锐,白玉雷,贾承造.塔里木中、上奥陶统碳同位素组成正向偏移的石油地质学意义.石油勘探与开发,1998,25(4):15-16
王大锐,白玉雷.碳酸盐岩中稳定同位素对古气候的表征.石油勘探与开发,1999,26(5):30-32
王宏斌.海相碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探技术、方法及应用:[博士学位论文].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2009
王黎栋,于炳松,张永旺,等.塔里木盆地西部康克林组沉积期生物礁滩体—以柯坪地区苏巴什露头剖面为例.现代地质,2006(2):291-298
王琪,丁国瑜,乔学军,等.天山现今地壳快速缩短与南北地块的相对运动.科学通报,2000,45(14):1543-1547
王琪,史基安,陈国俊,等.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩环境特征及其对储层物性的控制作用.沉积学报,2001,19(4):548-555
王琪,陈国俊.塔里木盆地西部碳酸盐岩成岩演化与储层形成关系.新疆地质,2002,20(1):23-28
魏国齐,贾承造,宋惠珍,等.塔里木盆地塔中地区奥陶系构造—沉积模式与碳酸盐岩裂缝储层预测.沉积学报,2000,18(3):408-413
吴世敏,卢华复,马瑞士,等.西天山一带大地构造相划分及其构造演化特征.中国区域地质,1995,2:149-188
夏日元,唐建生,邹胜章,等.碳酸盐岩油气田古岩溶研究及其在油气勘探开发中的应用.地球学报,2006,27(5):503-509
姚根顺,沈安江,潘文庆,等译.克莱德H.莫尔著.碳酸盐岩储层—层序地层格架中的成岩作用和孔隙演化.北京:石油工业出版社,2008
叶德胜.塔里木盆北部丘里塔格群(寒武至奥陶系)白云岩的成因.沉积学报,1992,(4):77-85
于炳松,陈建强,李兴武,等.塔里木盆地下寒武统底部黑色页岩地球化学及其岩石圈演化意义.中国科学D辑,2002,32(5):374-382
于炳松,乐昌硕.沉积岩物质成分所蕴含的地球深部信息.地学前缘,1998,5(3):105-112
张培震,邓起东,杨晓平,等.天山的晚新生代构造变形及其地球动力学问题.中国地震,1996,12(2):127-140
朱井泉,吴仕强,王国学,等.塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系主要白云岩类型及孔隙发育特征.地 学前缘,2008,15(2):67-79