摘要
本文以塔里木盆地塔中地区和巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面碳酸盐岩岩石样品为基础,综合运用岩石学、沉积学、地球化学等方法,利用微相和成岩作用作为基本的研究手段,将岩心、露头、室内分析试验等有机结合,对塔里木盆地塔中地区和巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面的碳酸盐岩储层岩石学特征、地球化学特征、白云岩成岩机理、储层发育规律等进行了较为系统的研究。
塔中地区有利灰岩储集层分布于上奥陶统良里塔格组和中下奥陶统鹰山组,以良里塔格组颗粒灰岩段最发育。上奥陶统石灰岩段储层总体上具有低孔低渗的特点,纵向上存在着致密段和储层发育段。下奥陶统同样存在孔渗较低的特征,储集空间主要发育裂缝型、孔隙型和裂缝—孔隙型。白云岩分布于整个寒武系和部分下奥陶统地层,对储层贡献较大的成岩作用是晚期深埋压实流和混合水白云石化。白云石含量介于50%~80%的自形—半自形细晶或中晶白云岩最有利于形成晶间孔发育。同时,深部埋藏厚层白云岩,存在良好的储集空间,具有形成有利储层的巨大潜力。
巴楚一间房地区T_7~4不整合界面是以棘皮动物和介形虫为主的生物碎屑泥粒石灰岩和粒泥石灰岩,陆源碎屑主要是石英和粘土矿物(以高岭石和云母为主,包括绿泥石,伊利石-蒙脱石-绿泥石混层矿物和蛭石)。根据微相综合分析研究,界面地层以海水成岩为主,部分岩石可见后期抬升后淡水成岩作用的影响。成岩相为较温暖的(古环境温度区间为12.2~16℃)低能陆棚相,后期经历了埋藏压实成岩,地层抬升后的大气淡水溶蚀作用和风化剥蚀作用的影响。地层界面的发育有利于地下流体的渗透和运移,对界面下的岩溶发育具有控制作用。
通过微相与成岩的研究,塔里木盆地塔中地区颗粒滩和(半)局限海台地泻湖石灰岩及深部埋藏白云岩具有较好的储层潜力。沉积相、白云石化作用、埋藏溶蚀作用是控制储层发育的主要因素。通过沉积相确定有利的礁滩发育位置及提高深部埋藏白云岩储层的认识是今后勘探的重点。
Based on the carbonate samples taken from Tazhong area and T_7~4 unconformity interface in Bachu area, Tarim basin, this dissertation focuses on the research of lithology, geochemistry, diagenetic machanism of dolomite and reservoir characteristics by the methods of microfacies and diagenesis.
Reservoir rocks of limestone in Tazhong area mainly distribute in Lianglitage formation in the Upper Ordovican and Yinshan formation in the Middle-Lower Ordovician especially in the grainstones bands in Lianglitage formation. The lime reservoir in Upper Ordovician characterised with lower porosity and lower permeability but some bands in the vertical orientation have compacted sequences and good quality for the reservoir. The sequences in the Lower Ordovician have the same characters as the Upper Ordovician. Fracture, pore and fracture-pore are the three significiant types for the reservoir spaces. Dolimite occurred in the whole Cambrian and some Lower Ordovician sequences. The key diagenesis to the dolomitic reservoir consists of burial compaction and mixing-zone dolomitization models. Three factors are important to the quality of intercrystalline pores in dolomite: with the content from 50% to 80%, fine or medium crystals, idiomorphic or subidiomorphic dolomite. The development of deep burial dolomite with tremendous thickness is benefit to the reservoir qualities
On the basis of the microfacies analysis, the lithology of T_7~4 unconfirmaty interface mainly consists of packstone and wackstone. Echinoids especially in crinoids and ostrocods are rich in the bioclastic limestone. Detrital material of terrigenous origin includes quartz and clay minerals such as kaolinite, mica, chlorite, mixed-layer clay and vermiculite. According to the integrated facies analysis, marine diagenetic environment controlled the sedimentary of original sequences and then the sequences experienced deep burial, uplift and meteoric erosion. Diagenetic facies is in the shelf with low energy and relative warm temperature (paleotemperature range from 12.2℃to 16℃). The boundary sequences benefit to the fluid transports and control the development of karst.
By the analysis of micrfacies and diagenesis, the grainstone bank and the lagoon in the restricted platform for limestone and deep burial dolomite have the ability to be the good reservoir. Facies, dolomitization and deep burial dissolution are the key factors to the development of reservoir. Therefore, the exploration aim should pay more attention to the reef flat and deep burial dolomite in Tazhong area.
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