嵩山国家森林公园防火信息管理与应用
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摘要
随着世界人口的增加,工业的发展,世界森林资源同地球上其他资源一样,在日趋减少。森林火灾在诸多危害森林资源的灾害因子之中,占居首位。因此,森林防火工作一直受到各国的高度重视。
由于森林火灾具有突发性和复杂性等特点,将地理信息系统和卫星遥感应用于森林防火已成为必然的发展趋势。现阶段,国家林业部已经利用卫星遥感技术对全国的森林火情进行检测和定位并通过互联网传输给各省森林防火指挥部。然而火情的发生在时间上具有不确定因素,而卫星对森林火情的监测并不是实时监测,相对较长的监测空隙往往影响火情的判断。而本课题研究的内容是利用GPRS无线传输技术、地理信息系统、数据库等技术和数学建模运用到一嵩山国家森林公园为背景的森林防火实时监测系统中实现了对森林火情地全天监测和辅助决策。具有十分深远的意义。
本文以嵩山国家森林公园防火信息管理研究为线索,主要探索了以下几个问题:
1、介绍了森林防火信息管理与应用的现状和发展动态,明确了研究的意义。
2、对嵩山国家森林公园的的地理环境和防火现状进行了阐述和分析。
3、利用SuperMap构建森林防火信息空间数据库,并对防火信息数据进行分类和编码设计。对各数据的关系进行了研究。
4、把GPRS数传技术与GIS技术相结合运用到对嵩山国家森林公园内的林火实时监测与辅助决策分析实现了对公园内火情的实时监测和管理。对林火实时数据监测硬件的性能和原理的介绍,对GPRS传输原理进行了重点的分析。
5、把三大林火模型根据嵩山国家公园的具体情况进行改进后运用到公园中进行辅助决策帮助管理者和指挥员进行辅助决策。
With the increasing of population and the development of industry in the world, the forest resources are daily decreasing as well as other resources. However, the forest fire stands first on the list of elements which endanger the forest resources. Therefore, each country thinks much of forest fireproofing all along.
Due to the characteristic of bursting and complexity of forest fire, it is necessary to apply Geographic Information System(GIS) and Satellite remote sensing to forest fireproofing. At this stage, the State Forestry has utilized the technology of Satellite remote sensing to detect and locate forest fire all through the country, and then transter the information to the headquarters of forest fireproofing of each province through Internet. For the fire it is uncertain to happen. However, the satellite detection is not real-time and the longer time gap between the detections usually affects the judgment of the fire. This paper is just about applying the technologies of GPRS wireless transmission, GIS, database and so on as well as the Mathematical Modeling to a Real-time Detecting System of Forest Fireproofing, which is based on the Songshan National Forest Park and realizes the All-weather detection to the forest fire and decision support. So it is far-reaching.
This paper has a clue of management and research to the fireproofing information of the Songshan National Forest Park, mainly including several problems as follows:
1. Introduction to the status and development of the information management and research of forest fireproofing, which definitudes the research significance.
2.Expatiation and analysis of the geographical environment and fireproofing status of the Songshan National Forest Park.
3.Building, classification and coding design of the forest fireproofing information spaces database using the SuperMap's,which researches the relation of the data.
4.Analysis and research for the collection and transmission of real-time detection data to the forest fire, including introduction to the detecting hardware in addition to the analysis of the GPRS transmission principle.
5.Analysis and improvement of the three forest fireproofing decision model for the information management and research which are applied to the Songshan National Forest Park. In addition, this paper analyzes and designs the system of management and research to the fireproofing information of the Songshan National Forest Park.
由于森林火灾具有突发性和复杂性等特点,将地理信息系统和卫星遥感应用于森林防火已成为必然的发展趋势。现阶段,国家林业部已经利用卫星遥感技术对全国的森林火情进行检测和定位并通过互联网传输给各省森林防火指挥部。然而火情的发生在时间上具有不确定因素,而卫星对森林火情的监测并不是实时监测,相对较长的监测空隙往往影响火情的判断。而本课题研究的内容是利用GPRS无线传输技术、地理信息系统、数据库等技术和数学建模运用到一嵩山国家森林公园为背景的森林防火实时监测系统中实现了对森林火情地全天监测和辅助决策。具有十分深远的意义。
本文以嵩山国家森林公园防火信息管理研究为线索,主要探索了以下几个问题:
1、介绍了森林防火信息管理与应用的现状和发展动态,明确了研究的意义。
2、对嵩山国家森林公园的的地理环境和防火现状进行了阐述和分析。
3、利用SuperMap构建森林防火信息空间数据库,并对防火信息数据进行分类和编码设计。对各数据的关系进行了研究。
4、把GPRS数传技术与GIS技术相结合运用到对嵩山国家森林公园内的林火实时监测与辅助决策分析实现了对公园内火情的实时监测和管理。对林火实时数据监测硬件的性能和原理的介绍,对GPRS传输原理进行了重点的分析。
5、把三大林火模型根据嵩山国家公园的具体情况进行改进后运用到公园中进行辅助决策帮助管理者和指挥员进行辅助决策。
With the increasing of population and the development of industry in the world, the forest resources are daily decreasing as well as other resources. However, the forest fire stands first on the list of elements which endanger the forest resources. Therefore, each country thinks much of forest fireproofing all along.
Due to the characteristic of bursting and complexity of forest fire, it is necessary to apply Geographic Information System(GIS) and Satellite remote sensing to forest fireproofing. At this stage, the State Forestry has utilized the technology of Satellite remote sensing to detect and locate forest fire all through the country, and then transter the information to the headquarters of forest fireproofing of each province through Internet. For the fire it is uncertain to happen. However, the satellite detection is not real-time and the longer time gap between the detections usually affects the judgment of the fire. This paper is just about applying the technologies of GPRS wireless transmission, GIS, database and so on as well as the Mathematical Modeling to a Real-time Detecting System of Forest Fireproofing, which is based on the Songshan National Forest Park and realizes the All-weather detection to the forest fire and decision support. So it is far-reaching.
This paper has a clue of management and research to the fireproofing information of the Songshan National Forest Park, mainly including several problems as follows:
1. Introduction to the status and development of the information management and research of forest fireproofing, which definitudes the research significance.
2.Expatiation and analysis of the geographical environment and fireproofing status of the Songshan National Forest Park.
3.Building, classification and coding design of the forest fireproofing information spaces database using the SuperMap's,which researches the relation of the data.
4.Analysis and research for the collection and transmission of real-time detection data to the forest fire, including introduction to the detecting hardware in addition to the analysis of the GPRS transmission principle.
5.Analysis and improvement of the three forest fireproofing decision model for the information management and research which are applied to the Songshan National Forest Park. In addition, this paper analyzes and designs the system of management and research to the fireproofing information of the Songshan National Forest Park.
引文
[1].郑焕能,姚树人。中国森林火灾与对策,自然灾害学报[J],2000(7):37-40
[2].舒立福,田晓瑞。国外森林防火工作现状及展望。世界林业研究[M]。1997.(2)。28-36
[3].韩斌杰。GPRS原理极其网络优化[M]。机械工业出版社,2003
[4].高国龙。用多光谱辐射计监测森林火灾。光学仪器[J],2000,(04)
[5].贺千山,毛节泰。微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展。气象科技[J],2004,(04):219-224.
[6].AndreiBUtkin,ArmandoFernandes,FernandoSimoes,Alesander Lavrov and Rui Vilar.Feasiblity of forest-fire smoke detection using lidar.International Journal of Wildland Fire,2003,12:159-166.
[7].Morsdor F,meier E.Kotz B,ittenK I,Dobbertin M.LIDAR-based geometric reconstruction of boreal type forest stand satsingle tree level for forest and wildland fire management.RemoteSensingofEnvironment,2004,92(03):353-362
[8].任海,高昌海,顾香凤。欧美森林火灾监测新技术及设备。林业机械与木工设备[J],2005,(05)8-11
[9].苏力华,楼玫娟,肖金香,冯敏玉,王保生。气象卫星遥感监测在森林防火中的应用。西北农业科技大学学报[J](自然科学版),2004(5):197-199
[10].张春桂。基于RS与GIS技术的福建省森林火灾监测研究。福建林学院学报[J],2004,24(01):32-35
[11].漆萍,李硕。远程数字化网络监控体系及在大型景区中的应用。江西林业科技[J],2(05):27-28
[12].嵩山国家森林公园总体规划[R]。河南省林业调查规划院。
[13].SuperMap Object开发教程[S]。北京超图软件有限公司。
[14].陈凯旋、谢海滔.GPRS原理及其应用[J].铁道通信信号,2003,39(7):24-25
[15].俞珑.GPRS技术的应用特征[J].电信建设,2002,(4):70-71
[16].王家耀.空间信息系统原理[M].科学出版社,2001.168～169
[17].于汝元等.森林防火实用教材[M].北京林业大学出版社,1989,56～58
[18].臧伟运,李志.几种森林火险预报方法比较与应用.森林防火[J],1997,(2):19～20
[19].胡志东.森林防火[J].中国林业出版社,2003,48～59
[20].唐晓燕,孟宪宇,易浩若.林火蔓延模型及蔓延模拟的研究进展.北京林业大学学报[J],2002,24(1):87～91
[21].唐晓燕,孟宪宇,葛宏立.基于栅格结构的林火蔓延模拟研究及其实现[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,25(1):53—57.
[22].唐晓燕,盂宪宇,易浩若.林火蔓延的数学模型及其应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(1):87,-91
[23].温广玉,刘勇.火蔓延的数学模型及其应用[J].东北林业大学学报,1994,22(2):31—36
[24].毛贤敏,徐文兴.火蔓延的数学模型及其应用.辽宁气象[J].1991(3):9一13
[25].王正非.山火初始蔓延速度测算法.山地研究[M].1983(l):42一51页
[26].温光玉,刘勇.林火蔓延的数学模型及其应用.东北林业大学学报[J].1994(3):31一35
[27].唐晓燕.林火动态规律的研究及其信息系统的研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2002.
[28].唐晓燕,孟宪字,葛宏立,等.基于栅格结构的林火蔓延模拟研究及其实现.北京林业大学学报[J],2003,25(1):53—57
[29].胡志东.森林防火[J].中国林业出版社,2003.117～140
[30].温广玉.扑火指挥决策中几个定量问题的探讨.森林防火[J],2004,(3):19～21
[31].白夜.森林消防合成灭火技术及紧急避险措施研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[32].刘永生.森林扑火专家辅助决策系统的研究[D].东北林业大学,2002:11-2
[33]庄晨辉,陈铭潮,潘俊忠.林业资源管理地理信息系统的研制与开发.福建林学院学报[J],2005,25(1):1～4
[34].白降丽,彭道黎,庾晓红.我国森林资源调查技术发展研究.山西林业科技[J],2005,(1):4～7
[35].万鲁河,刘万宇,减淑英.森林防火辅助决策支持系统的设计与实现.管理科学[J]2003,16 (3) :3 -5
[36].王阿川.森林火灾防治决策专家系统的研究与实现.中国安全科学[J],2005,(2)
[37].汪新凡.数学建模与信息技术.教学研究[J],2006,29(4):326～329
[2].舒立福,田晓瑞。国外森林防火工作现状及展望。世界林业研究[M]。1997.(2)。28-36
[3].韩斌杰。GPRS原理极其网络优化[M]。机械工业出版社,2003
[4].高国龙。用多光谱辐射计监测森林火灾。光学仪器[J],2000,(04)
[5].贺千山,毛节泰。微脉冲激光雷达及其应用研究进展。气象科技[J],2004,(04):219-224.
[6].AndreiBUtkin,ArmandoFernandes,FernandoSimoes,Alesander Lavrov and Rui Vilar.Feasiblity of forest-fire smoke detection using lidar.International Journal of Wildland Fire,2003,12:159-166.
[7].Morsdor F,meier E.Kotz B,ittenK I,Dobbertin M.LIDAR-based geometric reconstruction of boreal type forest stand satsingle tree level for forest and wildland fire management.RemoteSensingofEnvironment,2004,92(03):353-362
[8].任海,高昌海,顾香凤。欧美森林火灾监测新技术及设备。林业机械与木工设备[J],2005,(05)8-11
[9].苏力华,楼玫娟,肖金香,冯敏玉,王保生。气象卫星遥感监测在森林防火中的应用。西北农业科技大学学报[J](自然科学版),2004(5):197-199
[10].张春桂。基于RS与GIS技术的福建省森林火灾监测研究。福建林学院学报[J],2004,24(01):32-35
[11].漆萍,李硕。远程数字化网络监控体系及在大型景区中的应用。江西林业科技[J],2(05):27-28
[12].嵩山国家森林公园总体规划[R]。河南省林业调查规划院。
[13].SuperMap Object开发教程[S]。北京超图软件有限公司。
[14].陈凯旋、谢海滔.GPRS原理及其应用[J].铁道通信信号,2003,39(7):24-25
[15].俞珑.GPRS技术的应用特征[J].电信建设,2002,(4):70-71
[16].王家耀.空间信息系统原理[M].科学出版社,2001.168～169
[17].于汝元等.森林防火实用教材[M].北京林业大学出版社,1989,56～58
[18].臧伟运,李志.几种森林火险预报方法比较与应用.森林防火[J],1997,(2):19～20
[19].胡志东.森林防火[J].中国林业出版社,2003,48～59
[20].唐晓燕,孟宪宇,易浩若.林火蔓延模型及蔓延模拟的研究进展.北京林业大学学报[J],2002,24(1):87～91
[21].唐晓燕,孟宪宇,葛宏立.基于栅格结构的林火蔓延模拟研究及其实现[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,25(1):53—57.
[22].唐晓燕,盂宪宇,易浩若.林火蔓延的数学模型及其应用[J].北京林业大学学报,2002,24(1):87,-91
[23].温广玉,刘勇.火蔓延的数学模型及其应用[J].东北林业大学学报,1994,22(2):31—36
[24].毛贤敏,徐文兴.火蔓延的数学模型及其应用.辽宁气象[J].1991(3):9一13
[25].王正非.山火初始蔓延速度测算法.山地研究[M].1983(l):42一51页
[26].温光玉,刘勇.林火蔓延的数学模型及其应用.东北林业大学学报[J].1994(3):31一35
[27].唐晓燕.林火动态规律的研究及其信息系统的研建[D].北京:北京林业大学,2002.
[28].唐晓燕,孟宪字,葛宏立,等.基于栅格结构的林火蔓延模拟研究及其实现.北京林业大学学报[J],2003,25(1):53—57
[29].胡志东.森林防火[J].中国林业出版社,2003.117～140
[30].温广玉.扑火指挥决策中几个定量问题的探讨.森林防火[J],2004,(3):19～21
[31].白夜.森林消防合成灭火技术及紧急避险措施研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2008.
[32].刘永生.森林扑火专家辅助决策系统的研究[D].东北林业大学,2002:11-2
[33]庄晨辉,陈铭潮,潘俊忠.林业资源管理地理信息系统的研制与开发.福建林学院学报[J],2005,25(1):1～4
[34].白降丽,彭道黎,庾晓红.我国森林资源调查技术发展研究.山西林业科技[J],2005,(1):4～7
[35].万鲁河,刘万宇,减淑英.森林防火辅助决策支持系统的设计与实现.管理科学[J]2003,16 (3) :3 -5
[36].王阿川.森林火灾防治决策专家系统的研究与实现.中国安全科学[J],2005,(2)
[37].汪新凡.数学建模与信息技术.教学研究[J],2006,29(4):326～329