林火生态管理信息系统研究
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摘要
随着我国对林业地位的不断重视,森林资源进入了快速发展时期,森林覆盖率和森林蓄积量稳步提高,加之全球气候变暖的影响,森林火灾的危害有了加剧的趋势,对林火管理提出了更高的要求,林火管理进入了生态系统管理时代。而信息系统作为林火生态系统管理的主要手段也越来越受到人们的重视,在林火生态系统管理中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文综述了国内外林火生态系统管理的概念、历史、现状及新的理念和方法以及林火信息系统特别是其中林火预测预报系统研究与应用的现状与趋势；以生态学、系统科学、森林消防管理学、森林经理学、软件工程学等为指导,针对南方林区,重点以广西壮族自治区为主要研究对象,调查、收集、整理了大量林火管理的空间数据和属性数据,构建了林火管理空间数据库和属性数据库框架与标准；利用数据库、计算机网络、数据挖掘工具、计算机编程技术、三S技术以及系统分析、数学分析等方法,开展了基于林火生态系统管理的林火信息系统的开发与应用研究,同时根据在实践中应用与反馈的情况不断进行修正与完善,构建了较为完整的适应于南方林区林火生态系统管理信息系统的体系结构及功能模块。主要研究内容与研究结果如下：
(1)林火生态系统管理目标与方法研究,提出正确理解火害与火利,辩证地看待火灾的影响；正确对待计划烧除,将计划烧除纳入信息系统体系；提倡社区林业,强调公众参与；以指导信息系统的建设,信息系统建设又是林火生态系统管理实施的主要工具和手段。
(2)林火生态系统管理信息系统框架研究,针对广西区的林火管理实际情况,提出了信息系统建设的总体目标及基本原则,并详细描述了信息系统体系结构及各功能模块特点和要求。
(3)林火生态系统管理信息系统数据库的研究,在充分的需求分析基础上提出了广西林火管理空间数据库和属性数据库的构建原则、标准、内容与要求,提出了33个林火管理数据表,16个空间管理数据图层的构建标准、要求及内容,实现了空间数据与属性数据的高效结合,有针对性地开发了数据查询、统计、分析与报表功能,并进行了推广应用。
(4)进行了基于GOOGLE EARTH的林火管理地理信息系统建设开发研究,比较了其在林火扑救指挥地理信息系统中的优势,提出了其在图层管理、定位技术、专题态势图制作、火灾评估与风险管理等方面的一整套解决方案,在实践中推广应用并证明其具有很好的效果。
(5)林火预测预报系统的研究,在收集整理了大量原始数据的基础上,构建了火险天气等级预测预报模型和火行为预测预报模型,开发应用了火险天气等级测预预报系统及林火行为预测预报系统,并实现了可视化管理和应用。通过实践结果对模型进行了验证和分析,证明是切实可行的。
(6)基于信息系统数据库和分析工具,分别对广西历年卫星热点数据和森林火灾数据进行了时空分布规律分析及与环境相关性的分析,为林火的日常管理、规划设计、扑救指挥等提供了决策依据。
(7)总结研究了信息系统有效实施过程中的问题与解决方案,通过在实践中的推广与应用,不断对系统进行修改与完善,并分析了系统的优缺点和发展方向。
通过对以上内容的研究开发与推广应用,明确了林火生态系统管理对信息系统的指导意义,使信息系统能更好地为林火生态系统管理服务。构建了广西壮族自治区林火管理数据库,完成了面向南方林区的功能相对完整、操作简便、经济实用的林火管理信息系统。由于受时间、经费及数据源等的限制,部分研究内容如火灾间接损失评估和火灾风险管理等没有进行深入的研究与开发,希望在以后研究工作中有所突破。
As China continues to attach importance to the status of forestry, forest resource enter upon a rapid development period, forest coverage and stock volume of forest increased steadily, and combined with the impact of global warming, forest fires have exacerbated the trend of the hazards of forest fire, so it put forward higher requirements for fire management, and fire management come into ecosystem management era. And that forest fire information system, as the main medium of forest fire ecosystem management, has more and more attention paid in, also playing an increasingly important role in forest fire ecosystem management.
This paper reviews forest fire of ecosystem management at domestic and foreign. It involves concept of ecosystem management, history, current situation, new ideas and methods, and forest fire information system in particular the state and the trend of forest fire forecasting system and application; to ecology, systems science, forest fire management, forest management, software engineering, etc. as a guide for Southern forests, focus on the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the main object of study, We investigate, collect and organize a large number of spatial data and attribute data relative forest fire management, and construct framework and standards of forest fire management for those database; Use of databases, computer networks, data mining tools, computer programming, the 3S technology (the 3s short for Remote sensing, Geography information systems and Global positioning systems) and systems analysis, mathematical analysis and other methods, We carry out ecosystem-based forest fire management, forest fire information system development and applied research, furthermore ongoing revision and improvement under both applications and feedback from the practice, and build a forest fire management information system structure and function modules,which more complete and adapted to the southern forest ecosystems. The main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Forest fire ecosystem management objectives and methods of study and submit proper understanding of fire damage and fire benefits, dialectical view of the fire effects; adopt a correct attitude towards planning prescribed burn-off, and bring the planning prescribed burn-off into the information system; to promote community forestry, emphasis on public participation; to guide the construction of information systems, information system is the main tools and instruments of implementation of ecosystem management of forest fires.
(2)Study forest fire information system framework for ecosystem management, and for the actual situation of forest fire management in Guangxi, We advance the overall objectives and the basic principles of formation system construction, and have a detailed description of the information system architecture,the function module features and requirements.
(3) Ecosystem management of forest fire information system database study, based on the full needs analysis, We bring up the construction principles, standards, content and requirements of fire management spatial database and attribute database in Guangxi, proposed fire management data 33 table,16 standards of construction space management data layer, requirements and content, and realize that efficiently bind the spatial data and attribute data, targeted development of a data query, statistics, analysis and reporting capabilities, and conducted application.
(4) Develop a research of forest fire management geographic information system base on Google Earth, compared command in forest fire fighting advantages of geographic information system, and then proposed a set of solutions in the layer management, positioning technology, production special topic situation map, fire indirect damage assessment, fire risk management and so on, application in practice and has achieved very good results.
(5) Forest fire forecasting system research in a large number of original data collected, constructed fire weather and fire behavior forecast model development and application of the fire weather forecast system and fire behavior prediction system, and implemented visualization management and applications. Through practice to validate and analysis the model, proved to be feasible.
(6) Based on information system database and analysis tools, respectively, over the years in Guangxi satellite hot spots data and forest fire data,We carried out the law of spatial and temporal distribution analysis and environmental dependence analysis, for the daily forest fire management, planning and design, directing fight a fire,It can provide basis for decision making.
(7) Summary of the process of effective implementation of information systems problems and solutions, through the promotion of the practice and application, we continuously modify and improve the system, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of system development.
By the above, research and development and application, clear the forest fire ecosystem management guidance on the information system, to enable information systems to better service the forest fire ecosystem management. Construction fire management database of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, achieve the function of forest areas of the South is relatively complete, easy to operate, economical and practical fire management information system. Because of the time, funding and data sources and other restrictions, part content of the research such as fire indirect damage assessment and fire risk management is no detailed research and development work, hope that we will have breakthroughs in future research.
(1)林火生态系统管理目标与方法研究,提出正确理解火害与火利,辩证地看待火灾的影响；正确对待计划烧除,将计划烧除纳入信息系统体系；提倡社区林业,强调公众参与；以指导信息系统的建设,信息系统建设又是林火生态系统管理实施的主要工具和手段。
(2)林火生态系统管理信息系统框架研究,针对广西区的林火管理实际情况,提出了信息系统建设的总体目标及基本原则,并详细描述了信息系统体系结构及各功能模块特点和要求。
(3)林火生态系统管理信息系统数据库的研究,在充分的需求分析基础上提出了广西林火管理空间数据库和属性数据库的构建原则、标准、内容与要求,提出了33个林火管理数据表,16个空间管理数据图层的构建标准、要求及内容,实现了空间数据与属性数据的高效结合,有针对性地开发了数据查询、统计、分析与报表功能,并进行了推广应用。
(4)进行了基于GOOGLE EARTH的林火管理地理信息系统建设开发研究,比较了其在林火扑救指挥地理信息系统中的优势,提出了其在图层管理、定位技术、专题态势图制作、火灾评估与风险管理等方面的一整套解决方案,在实践中推广应用并证明其具有很好的效果。
(5)林火预测预报系统的研究,在收集整理了大量原始数据的基础上,构建了火险天气等级预测预报模型和火行为预测预报模型,开发应用了火险天气等级测预预报系统及林火行为预测预报系统,并实现了可视化管理和应用。通过实践结果对模型进行了验证和分析,证明是切实可行的。
(6)基于信息系统数据库和分析工具,分别对广西历年卫星热点数据和森林火灾数据进行了时空分布规律分析及与环境相关性的分析,为林火的日常管理、规划设计、扑救指挥等提供了决策依据。
(7)总结研究了信息系统有效实施过程中的问题与解决方案,通过在实践中的推广与应用,不断对系统进行修改与完善,并分析了系统的优缺点和发展方向。
通过对以上内容的研究开发与推广应用,明确了林火生态系统管理对信息系统的指导意义,使信息系统能更好地为林火生态系统管理服务。构建了广西壮族自治区林火管理数据库,完成了面向南方林区的功能相对完整、操作简便、经济实用的林火管理信息系统。由于受时间、经费及数据源等的限制,部分研究内容如火灾间接损失评估和火灾风险管理等没有进行深入的研究与开发,希望在以后研究工作中有所突破。
As China continues to attach importance to the status of forestry, forest resource enter upon a rapid development period, forest coverage and stock volume of forest increased steadily, and combined with the impact of global warming, forest fires have exacerbated the trend of the hazards of forest fire, so it put forward higher requirements for fire management, and fire management come into ecosystem management era. And that forest fire information system, as the main medium of forest fire ecosystem management, has more and more attention paid in, also playing an increasingly important role in forest fire ecosystem management.
This paper reviews forest fire of ecosystem management at domestic and foreign. It involves concept of ecosystem management, history, current situation, new ideas and methods, and forest fire information system in particular the state and the trend of forest fire forecasting system and application; to ecology, systems science, forest fire management, forest management, software engineering, etc. as a guide for Southern forests, focus on the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as the main object of study, We investigate, collect and organize a large number of spatial data and attribute data relative forest fire management, and construct framework and standards of forest fire management for those database; Use of databases, computer networks, data mining tools, computer programming, the 3S technology (the 3s short for Remote sensing, Geography information systems and Global positioning systems) and systems analysis, mathematical analysis and other methods, We carry out ecosystem-based forest fire management, forest fire information system development and applied research, furthermore ongoing revision and improvement under both applications and feedback from the practice, and build a forest fire management information system structure and function modules,which more complete and adapted to the southern forest ecosystems. The main contents and results are as follows:
(1) Forest fire ecosystem management objectives and methods of study and submit proper understanding of fire damage and fire benefits, dialectical view of the fire effects; adopt a correct attitude towards planning prescribed burn-off, and bring the planning prescribed burn-off into the information system; to promote community forestry, emphasis on public participation; to guide the construction of information systems, information system is the main tools and instruments of implementation of ecosystem management of forest fires.
(2)Study forest fire information system framework for ecosystem management, and for the actual situation of forest fire management in Guangxi, We advance the overall objectives and the basic principles of formation system construction, and have a detailed description of the information system architecture,the function module features and requirements.
(3) Ecosystem management of forest fire information system database study, based on the full needs analysis, We bring up the construction principles, standards, content and requirements of fire management spatial database and attribute database in Guangxi, proposed fire management data 33 table,16 standards of construction space management data layer, requirements and content, and realize that efficiently bind the spatial data and attribute data, targeted development of a data query, statistics, analysis and reporting capabilities, and conducted application.
(4) Develop a research of forest fire management geographic information system base on Google Earth, compared command in forest fire fighting advantages of geographic information system, and then proposed a set of solutions in the layer management, positioning technology, production special topic situation map, fire indirect damage assessment, fire risk management and so on, application in practice and has achieved very good results.
(5) Forest fire forecasting system research in a large number of original data collected, constructed fire weather and fire behavior forecast model development and application of the fire weather forecast system and fire behavior prediction system, and implemented visualization management and applications. Through practice to validate and analysis the model, proved to be feasible.
(6) Based on information system database and analysis tools, respectively, over the years in Guangxi satellite hot spots data and forest fire data,We carried out the law of spatial and temporal distribution analysis and environmental dependence analysis, for the daily forest fire management, planning and design, directing fight a fire,It can provide basis for decision making.
(7) Summary of the process of effective implementation of information systems problems and solutions, through the promotion of the practice and application, we continuously modify and improve the system, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of system development.
By the above, research and development and application, clear the forest fire ecosystem management guidance on the information system, to enable information systems to better service the forest fire ecosystem management. Construction fire management database of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, achieve the function of forest areas of the South is relatively complete, easy to operate, economical and practical fire management information system. Because of the time, funding and data sources and other restrictions, part content of the research such as fire indirect damage assessment and fire risk management is no detailed research and development work, hope that we will have breakthroughs in future research.
引文
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