重量式油脂添加系统的研制
摘要
饲料加工工艺对油脂添加设备的要求之一是计量要准确。饲用油脂的价值较高，从动物营养和生产成本角度出发，精确添加都具有重大实际意义。目前饲料加工工业广泛使用的流量计式油脂添加系统存在着计量精度不高、不能实时监控、不能记录或修正添加误差以及能耗高等缺点。
本课题研究了重量式油脂添加相关理论，包括重量式添加机理(核心是重量式计量方式)研究、单传感器结构的计量装置可行性论证以及添加误差分析。后者包括系统误差(包括结构误差、油管误差、给料误差、回油误差、标定误差)和随机误差(包括传感器以及电路误差、数据采集误差)的成因分析与误差控制方法，并给出了系统静态精度和动态精度的理论计算值。
在此基础上，研制了重量式油脂添加系统。主要工作包括：(1)设计、制造油脂添加机械设备；(2)设计油脂添加电控系统，并开发出油脂添加控制软件。该软件采用Visual C++6.0开发，由控制、数据采集、界面显示、报警、生产记录以及通讯等六大模块组成，实现电子秤自动标定、油脂添加自动控制、添加误差自动修正、断点保护、生产记录管理、通讯等功能；(3)油脂添加性能试验：测试了系统的静态精度、动态精度，并与理论计算值进行了对比。
该系统具有以下几个方面的优点：(1)能够实时监测、跟踪补偿添加误差，自动化程度高。试验结果表明：系统的静态精度为1.04‰，动态精度为2.73‰，与理论分析结果较为接近，且动态精度远高于流量计式油脂添加系统；(2)采用单传感器称重，与传统的三传感器的电子秤相比，降低了制造成本；(3)能耗较低；(4)可与粉体配料系统配合工作，便于油脂添加与配料秤联锁控制；(5)本系统在软、硬件上做适当调整还可用于饲料生产中其它液体原料的添加、其它生产领域(如食品、化工等)的液体添加以及多组分液体配料，具有较高的实际意义和广阔的应用前景。
Accurate measurement is one of the main requirements for the oil-adding equipments in feed processing. Since the oil added into feed is of high value, accurate addition of oil is of great importance both from the point of animal nutrient and from reducing production cost, Nowadays, the feed processing industry widely adopts the flowmeter type oil-adding system, which has many shortcomings such as inaccurate measurement, failing in real-time watch and control, being incapable of taking notes and modifying adding error, high energy cost.
The researcher has completed the following studies in this project to research the theory of weight type oil-adding: (1) the research about the adding mechanism of the oil-adding system of the weight type (whose nucleus is the weight type measurement); (2) the research on the structure of the measuring equipments: employing the structure of single load cell which has been proved feasible by theory analysis; (3) the research about the adding errors: system errors (including structure error, tube error, feeding error, overflow error, calibrating error), and the cause and controlling of stochastic errors (including the errors from the sensor and the circuit, the error from the process of data acquisition).In addition to these, the researcher has computed the theoretical value of static error and the dynamic error of the system,
On this base, the researcher has developed the weight type oil-adding system of the. The central work includes:(1) the designing and manufacturing of the oil-adding equipments; (2) the designing of the electromechanical system: using the computer system of industry control to control the oil- adding system, this system has many advantages such as quick sampling, strong operation function, flexible control and so on;(3) the researcher has also developed the control software of oil- adding system, which is programmed using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and constitutes six modules, namely control, data acquisition, interface display, alarming, production logs, and communication. Via these modules, the software owns the functions such as calibrating of the electric balance, oil-adding control, auto adding error correction, break point protection, administration of production logs and communication with the powder materials matching system; (4) The performance experimentation of the oil addition: the test of the stati
c precision and the dynamic precision and the comparison between the results of test and those of theory analysis.
The system has showed the following advantages: (1) it is good at automation, and
can inspect, track, and compensate adding error in real time. The results of experiments have indicated that the static precision(1.04‰) and dynamic precision(2.73 ‰) is respectively adjacent to the corresponding outcome of the theory analysis. More important, the system's dynamic precision is much greater than that of flow meter type oil-adding system; (2) Since the system has employed a single load cell to weigh the oil, it can greatly reduce the production cost compared with the traditional tri-sensored batch weigher;(3) Receding the energy cost;(4) Since the system can cooperate with the matching system of powder materials, it is convenient for the interlock control of the oil addition and the batch weigher;(5) If it's software and hardware been modulated probably, the system can also be applied into the addition of other liquid materials for feed production and other fields. In addition to this, in multi-ingredient liquid batching, we can also adopt this adjusted system.
本课题研究了重量式油脂添加相关理论，包括重量式添加机理(核心是重量式计量方式)研究、单传感器结构的计量装置可行性论证以及添加误差分析。后者包括系统误差(包括结构误差、油管误差、给料误差、回油误差、标定误差)和随机误差(包括传感器以及电路误差、数据采集误差)的成因分析与误差控制方法，并给出了系统静态精度和动态精度的理论计算值。
在此基础上，研制了重量式油脂添加系统。主要工作包括：(1)设计、制造油脂添加机械设备；(2)设计油脂添加电控系统，并开发出油脂添加控制软件。该软件采用Visual C++6.0开发，由控制、数据采集、界面显示、报警、生产记录以及通讯等六大模块组成，实现电子秤自动标定、油脂添加自动控制、添加误差自动修正、断点保护、生产记录管理、通讯等功能；(3)油脂添加性能试验：测试了系统的静态精度、动态精度，并与理论计算值进行了对比。
该系统具有以下几个方面的优点：(1)能够实时监测、跟踪补偿添加误差，自动化程度高。试验结果表明：系统的静态精度为1.04‰，动态精度为2.73‰，与理论分析结果较为接近，且动态精度远高于流量计式油脂添加系统；(2)采用单传感器称重，与传统的三传感器的电子秤相比，降低了制造成本；(3)能耗较低；(4)可与粉体配料系统配合工作，便于油脂添加与配料秤联锁控制；(5)本系统在软、硬件上做适当调整还可用于饲料生产中其它液体原料的添加、其它生产领域(如食品、化工等)的液体添加以及多组分液体配料，具有较高的实际意义和广阔的应用前景。
Accurate measurement is one of the main requirements for the oil-adding equipments in feed processing. Since the oil added into feed is of high value, accurate addition of oil is of great importance both from the point of animal nutrient and from reducing production cost, Nowadays, the feed processing industry widely adopts the flowmeter type oil-adding system, which has many shortcomings such as inaccurate measurement, failing in real-time watch and control, being incapable of taking notes and modifying adding error, high energy cost.
The researcher has completed the following studies in this project to research the theory of weight type oil-adding: (1) the research about the adding mechanism of the oil-adding system of the weight type (whose nucleus is the weight type measurement); (2) the research on the structure of the measuring equipments: employing the structure of single load cell which has been proved feasible by theory analysis; (3) the research about the adding errors: system errors (including structure error, tube error, feeding error, overflow error, calibrating error), and the cause and controlling of stochastic errors (including the errors from the sensor and the circuit, the error from the process of data acquisition).In addition to these, the researcher has computed the theoretical value of static error and the dynamic error of the system,
On this base, the researcher has developed the weight type oil-adding system of the. The central work includes:(1) the designing and manufacturing of the oil-adding equipments; (2) the designing of the electromechanical system: using the computer system of industry control to control the oil- adding system, this system has many advantages such as quick sampling, strong operation function, flexible control and so on;(3) the researcher has also developed the control software of oil- adding system, which is programmed using Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and constitutes six modules, namely control, data acquisition, interface display, alarming, production logs, and communication. Via these modules, the software owns the functions such as calibrating of the electric balance, oil-adding control, auto adding error correction, break point protection, administration of production logs and communication with the powder materials matching system; (4) The performance experimentation of the oil addition: the test of the stati
c precision and the dynamic precision and the comparison between the results of test and those of theory analysis.
The system has showed the following advantages: (1) it is good at automation, and
can inspect, track, and compensate adding error in real time. The results of experiments have indicated that the static precision(1.04‰) and dynamic precision(2.73 ‰) is respectively adjacent to the corresponding outcome of the theory analysis. More important, the system's dynamic precision is much greater than that of flow meter type oil-adding system; (2) Since the system has employed a single load cell to weigh the oil, it can greatly reduce the production cost compared with the traditional tri-sensored batch weigher;(3) Receding the energy cost;(4) Since the system can cooperate with the matching system of powder materials, it is convenient for the interlock control of the oil addition and the batch weigher;(5) If it's software and hardware been modulated probably, the system can also be applied into the addition of other liquid materials for feed production and other fields. In addition to this, in multi-ingredient liquid batching, we can also adopt this adjusted system.
引文
1、于永彦．基于VC++的AD／DA卡控制程序的设计．国外电子元器件．2002，10：32～35．
2、王之煦，等．简明机械设计手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1997．
3、王争荣，等．用多媒体定时器实现A／D卡的高精度数据采集．工业控制计算机．2001，14(10)：55～57．
4、卢居银．加入WTO我国饲料机械工业面临挑战．饲料工业．2002，23(1)：45～46．
5、左成兵．油脂添加系统的故障分析与排除．中国饲料．2000，7：21～22．
6、李治国，等．多液体组分计量与添加工艺的改进．中国饲料．2001，3：21～21．
7、刘路放．Visual C++与面向对象程序设计教程．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
8、刘淑娥．饲料级油脂的使用．饲料广角．2002，14：21～22．
9、刘同占．关于我国饲料工业发展情况的报告．中国饲料．2002，5：2～3．
10、汝元功，等．机械役计手册．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．
11、朱培良．饲料加工新装备——SYPW50液体电子配料秤．粮食与饲料工业．1998，2：33～37．
12、陈建春．Visual C++开发GIS系统．：开发实例剖析．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
13、陈新译．禽用液态饲料泵料．国外畜牧学：猪与禽．2001，3：10～15．
14、陆尔东，等．几种VC++数据库开发技术的比较．http://www.yesky.com．2001．12
15、吴德胜．饲料加工新动态—液体喷涂技术(上)．农业机械．2001，7：34～36．
16、吴德胜．饲料加工新动态—液体喷涂技术(下)．农业机械．2001，8：36～37．
17、吴普特，等．农业节水技术丛书—现代高效节水灌溉设施．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．
18、吴铁军．通信设备计算机集中监控系统的性能评价．通信电源技术．1995，4：11～13．
19、吴运生．添加油脂，提高饲料产品品质．牧羊通讯(总54期)．2003，2．
20、杨秀敏，等．测控系统前向通道的误差分析及标定．微处理机．2002，1：53～55．
21、张庶营．饲料油脂添加问题．饲料工业．1997，18(9)：8～10．
22、呼红梅，等．油脂的添加技术及其在动物营养中的应用．饲料世界．2002，7：1～5．
23、罗武胜．等．电子负秤混凝土自动配料机的研制．仪表技术与传感器．1999，4：25～28．
24、罗映云．电子秤及称重传感器的检定．鞍钢自动化．1989，4：35～44．
25、牧羊集团．SYTZ60A型油脂添加系统使用说明书．
26、庞声海，等．饲料加工设备与技术．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2001．
27、庞声海，等．加快词料加工业的发展．农业机械．2001，4：36～36．
28、饶应昌．饲料加工工艺与设备．北京：中国农业出版社，2001．
29、贾树军，等．新一代自控系统解决方案．山西电力．2002，5：60～62．
30、钱东平．植保机械使用与维修．石家庄：河北科学技术出版社，1998．
31、徐灏．机械设计手册(第二版)第5卷．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
32、常用计量检定规程汇编—衡器．北京：中国计量出版社，1998．
33、谢玉亮．UPS在现代广播、电视领域的应用．广播与电视技术．2002，29(2)：88～90．
34、楼荣高，等．提高饲料产品质量的一条有效途径．粮食与饲料工业．1999，10：24～25．
35、谭鹤群，等．微机配料系统配料误差分析．饲料工业．1998，19(7)：17～19．
36、濮良贵，等．机械设计(第7版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2001．
37、David J．Kruglinsk．Visual C++技术内幕(第四版)．潘爱民、王国印译．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
38、Microsoft Corporation. MSDN Library. 2001.
2、王之煦，等．简明机械设计手册．北京：机械工业出版社，1997．
3、王争荣，等．用多媒体定时器实现A／D卡的高精度数据采集．工业控制计算机．2001，14(10)：55～57．
4、卢居银．加入WTO我国饲料机械工业面临挑战．饲料工业．2002，23(1)：45～46．
5、左成兵．油脂添加系统的故障分析与排除．中国饲料．2000，7：21～22．
6、李治国，等．多液体组分计量与添加工艺的改进．中国饲料．2001，3：21～21．
7、刘路放．Visual C++与面向对象程序设计教程．北京：高等教育出版社，2000．
8、刘淑娥．饲料级油脂的使用．饲料广角．2002，14：21～22．
9、刘同占．关于我国饲料工业发展情况的报告．中国饲料．2002，5：2～3．
10、汝元功，等．机械役计手册．北京：高等教育出版社，1995．
11、朱培良．饲料加工新装备——SYPW50液体电子配料秤．粮食与饲料工业．1998，2：33～37．
12、陈建春．Visual C++开发GIS系统．：开发实例剖析．北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
13、陈新译．禽用液态饲料泵料．国外畜牧学：猪与禽．2001，3：10～15．
14、陆尔东，等．几种VC++数据库开发技术的比较．http://www.yesky.com．2001．12
15、吴德胜．饲料加工新动态—液体喷涂技术(上)．农业机械．2001，7：34～36．
16、吴德胜．饲料加工新动态—液体喷涂技术(下)．农业机械．2001，8：36～37．
17、吴普特，等．农业节水技术丛书—现代高效节水灌溉设施．北京：化学工业出版社，2002．
18、吴铁军．通信设备计算机集中监控系统的性能评价．通信电源技术．1995，4：11～13．
19、吴运生．添加油脂，提高饲料产品品质．牧羊通讯(总54期)．2003，2．
20、杨秀敏，等．测控系统前向通道的误差分析及标定．微处理机．2002，1：53～55．
21、张庶营．饲料油脂添加问题．饲料工业．1997，18(9)：8～10．
22、呼红梅，等．油脂的添加技术及其在动物营养中的应用．饲料世界．2002，7：1～5．
23、罗武胜．等．电子负秤混凝土自动配料机的研制．仪表技术与传感器．1999，4：25～28．
24、罗映云．电子秤及称重传感器的检定．鞍钢自动化．1989，4：35～44．
25、牧羊集团．SYTZ60A型油脂添加系统使用说明书．
26、庞声海，等．饲料加工设备与技术．北京：科学技术文献出版社，2001．
27、庞声海，等．加快词料加工业的发展．农业机械．2001，4：36～36．
28、饶应昌．饲料加工工艺与设备．北京：中国农业出版社，2001．
29、贾树军，等．新一代自控系统解决方案．山西电力．2002，5：60～62．
30、钱东平．植保机械使用与维修．石家庄：河北科学技术出版社，1998．
31、徐灏．机械设计手册(第二版)第5卷．北京：机械工业出版社，2000．
32、常用计量检定规程汇编—衡器．北京：中国计量出版社，1998．
33、谢玉亮．UPS在现代广播、电视领域的应用．广播与电视技术．2002，29(2)：88～90．
34、楼荣高，等．提高饲料产品质量的一条有效途径．粮食与饲料工业．1999，10：24～25．
35、谭鹤群，等．微机配料系统配料误差分析．饲料工业．1998，19(7)：17～19．
36、濮良贵，等．机械设计(第7版)．北京：高等教育出版社，2001．
37、David J．Kruglinsk．Visual C++技术内幕(第四版)．潘爱民、王国印译．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．
38、Microsoft Corporation. MSDN Library. 2001.