9WZCD-25型风送式喷雾机喷雾性能优化试验研究
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摘要
新疆天然草地面积辽阔，近年来，每年夏季的蝗灾发生面积都在230万hm2以上。给畜牧业生产造成极大的危害。大型超低量喷雾机以较高的杀灭速度和较好的经济性一直是最主要的灭蝗手段。我区从上个世纪70年末开始研制超低量喷雾机，由于以前忽视了对喷雾机的喷雾性能的研究，因此，农药的有效利用率很低，引起了环境污染和成本增加。在新疆农科院农业机械化所所承担的国家跨越计划项目《9WZCD-25型自走式超低量喷雾机的研制》的基础上，本文所做的主要工作是：①从理论上分析了雾滴破碎的机理和影响雾滴破碎的主要原因，以及影响喷幅的主要原因。②在理论分析的基础上对风筒结构进行了改进设计，为了提高喷雾机的喷幅，在风筒中增加了导流器。③通过试验检验喷雾机样机的喷雾性能，并提出对各项参数的优化设计方案。④通过正交试验和对比试验对雾滴取样，证明导流器的安装不仅增加了喷幅，而且还提高了雾滴均匀性系数。⑤根据大量试验的结果分析，找出了雾滴直径在喷幅方向上所呈现的变化规律，并提出了合理的喷幅范围。
There is wide natural grassland in Xinjiang . Acreage of locust disaster covers at least 2 , 300 , 000 hm2 in the summer during these years. It harms stock raising badly . Good-sized and ultra low volume sprayers are being used . which can attain a high velocity of prevention economically . Ultra low volume sprayers have been developed since 1978 . There has been a lack of study on spraying functions of sprayer previously . Pesticide is utilized inefficiently , Which has caused environment pollution and increased cost . In order to meet the demand of preventing large scale locust disaster in time, Good-sized & ultra low volume sprayers were developed . Main tasks of this thesis have been finished such as : Spraying functions of the sprayer were examined through a series of experiments, optimizing design was done with parameters. Causes that affects breaking up of droplets and spraying span were analyzed academically . The structure of air-blast pipe was improved on .An orienting object was installed based on theoretical analysis , that increase the spraying span .It has been found that both spraying span and droplets uniformity improved , by installing the orienting object .According to the results of a great number of experiments , orderliness of droplets diameter along the spraying span was researched ,and rational spraying span of air-assisted sprayer was suggested .
There is wide natural grassland in Xinjiang . Acreage of locust disaster covers at least 2 , 300 , 000 hm2 in the summer during these years. It harms stock raising badly . Good-sized and ultra low volume sprayers are being used . which can attain a high velocity of prevention economically . Ultra low volume sprayers have been developed since 1978 . There has been a lack of study on spraying functions of sprayer previously . Pesticide is utilized inefficiently , Which has caused environment pollution and increased cost . In order to meet the demand of preventing large scale locust disaster in time, Good-sized & ultra low volume sprayers were developed . Main tasks of this thesis have been finished such as : Spraying functions of the sprayer were examined through a series of experiments, optimizing design was done with parameters. Causes that affects breaking up of droplets and spraying span were analyzed academically . The structure of air-blast pipe was improved on .An orienting object was installed based on theoretical analysis , that increase the spraying span .It has been found that both spraying span and droplets uniformity improved , by installing the orienting object .According to the results of a great number of experiments , orderliness of droplets diameter along the spraying span was researched ,and rational spraying span of air-assisted sprayer was suggested .
引文
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6. 高良润.中国植保机械发展史 . 江苏工学院学报.1990,11(3):10-15
7. 高良润 , 冼福生 , 朱和平等 . 静电喷雾治虫实验 . 1994 , 25 ( 2 ) : 30-38
8. 金含辉 ,王军锋,王泽等.静电喷雾研究与应用综述 . 江苏理工大学学报.1999,5:16-18
9. 管白栎,王世雄, 3WW-100型悬挂式微量喷雾机使用调整 .新疆农机化 . 1991,4: 5-7
10. 何培杰 ,吴春笃等. 新型喷雾混药装置性能研究 . 农业机械学报 . 2001 , 3
11. 何雄奎 , S . Kleisinger , 吴罗罗 等, 动力学因素和药箱充满程度对喷雾机液力搅拌器搅拌效果的影响 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 , 15 ( 4 ) :131-133
12. 何雄奎，曾爱军，何娟. 果园喷雾机风速对雾滴的沉积分布影响研究 . 农业工程学报 . 2002 , 18 (4 ) : 75-77
13. 祁力军，傅泽田. 不同条件下喷雾分布试验研究 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 ,15 ( 2 ) ;107-111
14. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 91WDC-150型风送式喷雾机喷雾系统的试验研究 . 新疆农业大学学报 .2002, 25 ( 4 ); 47-50
15. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 一种改善91WDC-35型喷雾机喷雾性能的新方法 . 新疆农业大学学报. 2003, 26 (1) :76-79
16. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 草原灭蝗超低量喷雾机的研制和开发 . 新疆农机化.2003, 1 : 54-55
17. 罗新义,王德. 澳大利亚的蝗灾防治. 黑龙江畜牧科技. 1999,1:18-19
18. 王玉杰.超低量喷雾技术在新疆应用与发展 . 农牧与食品机械.1993,2 :27-28
19. 王全书.超低量喷雾机喷雾质量与防治效果浅析 . 农牧与食品机械.1991,6:9-10
20. 王治忠, 李宝珍, 徐玮. 美国农业机械化见闻 . 农业机械 .2002 , 2
21. 王新彦. 基于二相流理论的喷雾器气液混合阀的研究 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 , 15 ( 4 ) :126-129
22. 王荣，植保机械学，机械工业出版社.
23. 王旭 . 影响喷雾机工作性能的因素 . 现代化农业 . 1996 , 6
24. 王全书. 超低量喷雾机雾滴直径的测定和计算 . 农机试验与推广 .1991,6: 9-11
25. 王军锋,金含辉,王泽等.微量静电喷洒灭蝗车的开发 . 江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版).2001,22 （1）:16-18
26. 徐赛章.我国植保机械现状与展望 . 农村机械化.1997,3:9-11
27. 朱恩林 ,粟铁申.澳大利亚的蝗灾及治理对策 .植保机械与清洗机械动态 .2001,4:18-20
28. 张玲, 戴奋奋 .我国植保机械及施药技术现状与发展趋势.植保机械与清洗机械动态.2001,4:14-17
29. 赵东，张晓辉 . 植保机械的发展与现状 .山东农机2000,1:8～11
30. 周浩生, 郑加强等. 静电灭蝗实验与应用 . 农牧与食品机械.1993,5:7-10
31. 周浩生, 冼福生, 高良润. 组合电极双流体式静电喷雾技术 . 农业机械学报.1996,6:
32. 郑加强,冼福生,高良润. 静电雾滴荷质比测定研究综述 . 江苏工学院学报.1992,13(1)
33. 张永林, 阮小平; 超声雾化着水原理与计算 . 粮食与饲料工业 . 1999 , 6
34 . 周浩生. 组合电极双流体式静电喷雾技术 . 农业机械学报 . 1996 , 27 ( 2 )
35. 周浩生. 双流体静电喷头特性的实验研究 . 江苏理工大学学报 . 1996 , 17 ( 3 ):1-4
36. 杨学军, 严荷荣, 徐赛章等. 植保机械的研究现状及发展趋势 . 农业机械学报 . 2002 , 11 :129-131
37.朱和平；高良润，环电极带电射流雾化特性的研究 ，江苏工学院学报，1991，12（2）
38.冼福生. 雾化过程中的静电作用及喷液物理特性影响的研究 . 农业机械学报 .1987 ,18 (1)
39. 郑加强 , 冼福生 , 高良润等. 荷电雾滴电荷衰减规律研究 . 1993 . 24 ( 4 ) : 33-36
40 . 冼福生 , 朱和平 , 高良润等 . 带电雾滴速度场理论研究 .1992 , 23 ( 2 ) : 36-40
41. 汤伯敏 , 林光武 , 高崇义等 . 二相流喷雾技术的研究 . 2001 , 19 ( 5 ): 59-62
42. L . Tian , J .F . Reid , J . W . Hummel . DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECISION SPRAYER FOR SITE-SPECIFIC WEED MANAGEMENT . Transactions of the ASAE . Vol. 42(4 ) , 893-900
43. H. Zhu, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Fox, R.D. Brazee, H.E. Ozkan , SIMULATION OF DRIFT OF DISCRETE SIZES OF WATER DROPLETES FROM FIELD SPRAYERS .Transactions of the ASAE . VOL. 37 (5 ),1401-1407
44. L. F. Bouse , EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND OPERATION ON SPRAY DROPLET SIZE . Transaction of the ASAE .VOL.37 ( 5 ) ,1389-1400
45. B. Panneton, H. Philion, P.Dutilleul , R. Th?riault, M. Khelifi ,FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN VERSUS CENTRAL COMPOSIGN :STATISTICAL COMPARISON AND IMPLLCATIONS FOR SPRAY DROPLET DEPOSITION EXPERIMENTS. Transaction Of ths ASAE . VOL. 42 ( 4 ) , 877-883
46. M . Salyani ; OPTIMIZATION OF DEPOSITION EFFICIENCY FOR AIRBLAST SPRAYERS. TRANSACTION of the ASAE. VOL.43 ( 2 ) ,247-253
47. R . D . Brazee , M . j . Bukovac , J . A . Cooper , D . L . Reichard ; DROPLET SHAPE OSCILLATIONS : EFFECTS ON SPRAY IMPACTION AND RETENTION AND FOURIER ANALYSIS OF THEIR NATURAL FREQUENCIES
48 . Law S E , Lane M D. Electrostatic Depositions of Pesticide Spray Onto Ionizing Targets : Charge-and Mass-Transfer Analysis. IEEE,1982, IA18( 6 ): 673-679
49. H . W . Thistle , The Role of Stability in Fine Pesticide Droplet Dispersion In The Atmosphere : A Review of Physical Concepts . Transactions of the ASAE . 2000 , Vol. 43 ( 6 ) 1409-1413
50 . A . I . Khdair , T . G . Carpenter , D . L . Reichard , EFFECTS OF AIR JETS ON DEPOSITION OF CHARGED SPRAY IN PLANT CANOPIES
51. R . C . Derksen , C . Jiang , AUTOMATED DETECTION OF FLUORESCENT SPRAY DEPOSITS WITH A COMPUTER VISION SYSTEM
52. S. GopalaPillai , L . Tian , J . Zheng , EVALUATION OF A FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SITE-SPECIFIC HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS
53. Elbana H , Rashed I , Ghazi M A . Droplets from Liquid in an Air Stream . ASAE , 1984 ( 4 ); 677-679
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2. 陈松年,吴刚，喷雾机轴流风机系列设计，农业机械学报 . 1987,21(1)
3. 傅泽田，祁力钧，王秀. 农药喷施技术的优化 . 中国农业科学技术出版社;
4. 傅泽田, 祁力军. 国内外农药使用状况及解决农药超量使用问题的途径 . 农业工程学报 , 1998 ,14 (2 ) ; 7-12
5. 高良润 .植保机械的新机型.新材料和新工艺 . 江苏工学院学报,1992,13( 3 )
6. 高良润.中国植保机械发展史 . 江苏工学院学报.1990,11(3):10-15
7. 高良润 , 冼福生 , 朱和平等 . 静电喷雾治虫实验 . 1994 , 25 ( 2 ) : 30-38
8. 金含辉 ,王军锋,王泽等.静电喷雾研究与应用综述 . 江苏理工大学学报.1999,5:16-18
9. 管白栎,王世雄, 3WW-100型悬挂式微量喷雾机使用调整 .新疆农机化 . 1991,4: 5-7
10. 何培杰 ,吴春笃等. 新型喷雾混药装置性能研究 . 农业机械学报 . 2001 , 3
11. 何雄奎 , S . Kleisinger , 吴罗罗 等, 动力学因素和药箱充满程度对喷雾机液力搅拌器搅拌效果的影响 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 , 15 ( 4 ) :131-133
12. 何雄奎，曾爱军，何娟. 果园喷雾机风速对雾滴的沉积分布影响研究 . 农业工程学报 . 2002 , 18 (4 ) : 75-77
13. 祁力军，傅泽田. 不同条件下喷雾分布试验研究 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 ,15 ( 2 ) ;107-111
14. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 91WDC-150型风送式喷雾机喷雾系统的试验研究 . 新疆农业大学学报 .2002, 25 ( 4 ); 47-50
15. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 一种改善91WDC-35型喷雾机喷雾性能的新方法 . 新疆农业大学学报. 2003, 26 (1) :76-79
16. 刘青, 史建新, 陈发等. 草原灭蝗超低量喷雾机的研制和开发 . 新疆农机化.2003, 1 : 54-55
17. 罗新义,王德. 澳大利亚的蝗灾防治. 黑龙江畜牧科技. 1999,1:18-19
18. 王玉杰.超低量喷雾技术在新疆应用与发展 . 农牧与食品机械.1993,2 :27-28
19. 王全书.超低量喷雾机喷雾质量与防治效果浅析 . 农牧与食品机械.1991,6:9-10
20. 王治忠, 李宝珍, 徐玮. 美国农业机械化见闻 . 农业机械 .2002 , 2
21. 王新彦. 基于二相流理论的喷雾器气液混合阀的研究 . 农业工程学报 . 1999 , 15 ( 4 ) :126-129
22. 王荣，植保机械学，机械工业出版社.
23. 王旭 . 影响喷雾机工作性能的因素 . 现代化农业 . 1996 , 6
24. 王全书. 超低量喷雾机雾滴直径的测定和计算 . 农机试验与推广 .1991,6: 9-11
25. 王军锋,金含辉,王泽等.微量静电喷洒灭蝗车的开发 . 江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版).2001,22 （1）:16-18
26. 徐赛章.我国植保机械现状与展望 . 农村机械化.1997,3:9-11
27. 朱恩林 ,粟铁申.澳大利亚的蝗灾及治理对策 .植保机械与清洗机械动态 .2001,4:18-20
28. 张玲, 戴奋奋 .我国植保机械及施药技术现状与发展趋势.植保机械与清洗机械动态.2001,4:14-17
29. 赵东，张晓辉 . 植保机械的发展与现状 .山东农机2000,1:8～11
30. 周浩生, 郑加强等. 静电灭蝗实验与应用 . 农牧与食品机械.1993,5:7-10
31. 周浩生, 冼福生, 高良润. 组合电极双流体式静电喷雾技术 . 农业机械学报.1996,6:
32. 郑加强,冼福生,高良润. 静电雾滴荷质比测定研究综述 . 江苏工学院学报.1992,13(1)
33. 张永林, 阮小平; 超声雾化着水原理与计算 . 粮食与饲料工业 . 1999 , 6
34 . 周浩生. 组合电极双流体式静电喷雾技术 . 农业机械学报 . 1996 , 27 ( 2 )
35. 周浩生. 双流体静电喷头特性的实验研究 . 江苏理工大学学报 . 1996 , 17 ( 3 ):1-4
36. 杨学军, 严荷荣, 徐赛章等. 植保机械的研究现状及发展趋势 . 农业机械学报 . 2002 , 11 :129-131
37.朱和平；高良润，环电极带电射流雾化特性的研究 ，江苏工学院学报，1991，12（2）
38.冼福生. 雾化过程中的静电作用及喷液物理特性影响的研究 . 农业机械学报 .1987 ,18 (1)
39. 郑加强 , 冼福生 , 高良润等. 荷电雾滴电荷衰减规律研究 . 1993 . 24 ( 4 ) : 33-36
40 . 冼福生 , 朱和平 , 高良润等 . 带电雾滴速度场理论研究 .1992 , 23 ( 2 ) : 36-40
41. 汤伯敏 , 林光武 , 高崇义等 . 二相流喷雾技术的研究 . 2001 , 19 ( 5 ): 59-62
42. L . Tian , J .F . Reid , J . W . Hummel . DEVELOPMENT OF A PRECISION SPRAYER FOR SITE-SPECIFIC WEED MANAGEMENT . Transactions of the ASAE . Vol. 42(4 ) , 893-900
43. H. Zhu, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Fox, R.D. Brazee, H.E. Ozkan , SIMULATION OF DRIFT OF DISCRETE SIZES OF WATER DROPLETES FROM FIELD SPRAYERS .Transactions of the ASAE . VOL. 37 (5 ),1401-1407
44. L. F. Bouse , EFFECT OF NOZZLE TYPE AND OPERATION ON SPRAY DROPLET SIZE . Transaction of the ASAE .VOL.37 ( 5 ) ,1389-1400
45. B. Panneton, H. Philion, P.Dutilleul , R. Th?riault, M. Khelifi ,FULL FACTORIAL DESIGN VERSUS CENTRAL COMPOSIGN :STATISTICAL COMPARISON AND IMPLLCATIONS FOR SPRAY DROPLET DEPOSITION EXPERIMENTS. Transaction Of ths ASAE . VOL. 42 ( 4 ) , 877-883
46. M . Salyani ; OPTIMIZATION OF DEPOSITION EFFICIENCY FOR AIRBLAST SPRAYERS. TRANSACTION of the ASAE. VOL.43 ( 2 ) ,247-253
47. R . D . Brazee , M . j . Bukovac , J . A . Cooper , D . L . Reichard ; DROPLET SHAPE OSCILLATIONS : EFFECTS ON SPRAY IMPACTION AND RETENTION AND FOURIER ANALYSIS OF THEIR NATURAL FREQUENCIES
48 . Law S E , Lane M D. Electrostatic Depositions of Pesticide Spray Onto Ionizing Targets : Charge-and Mass-Transfer Analysis. IEEE,1982, IA18( 6 ): 673-679
49. H . W . Thistle , The Role of Stability in Fine Pesticide Droplet Dispersion In The Atmosphere : A Review of Physical Concepts . Transactions of the ASAE . 2000 , Vol. 43 ( 6 ) 1409-1413
50 . A . I . Khdair , T . G . Carpenter , D . L . Reichard , EFFECTS OF AIR JETS ON DEPOSITION OF CHARGED SPRAY IN PLANT CANOPIES
51. R . C . Derksen , C . Jiang , AUTOMATED DETECTION OF FLUORESCENT SPRAY DEPOSITS WITH A COMPUTER VISION SYSTEM
52. S. GopalaPillai , L . Tian , J . Zheng , EVALUATION OF A FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SITE-SPECIFIC HERBICIDE APPLICATIONS
53. Elbana H , Rashed I , Ghazi M A . Droplets from Liquid in an Air Stream . ASAE , 1984 ( 4 ); 677-679
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