炮塔式离心雾化风送远射程喷雾技术及机具有研究设计
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摘要
植物保护是保证农业丰产丰收的重要环节,而植物保护机械则是实现这一目的必不
可少的生产工具。低容量喷雾、离心雾化、风送远射程喷雾技术是近年来世界植保机械
领域研究的新技术。其独特的优点是省工、省药、费用低,防治及时,对农药的剂型、
气象条件要求不严格等。但我国在此领域与发达国家还有很大差距[4]。
结合农业部南京农业机械化研究所承担的江苏省农业三项工程项目,完成了《炮塔
式离心雾化风送远射程喷雾技术及机具的研究设计》。实现了高效、低污染的施药技术,
提高了农药在作物靶标上的附着率,减少了农药在地面的沉降和在非处理区的飘逸,解
决了炮塔式离心雾化风送远射程技术、高效低污染施药技术中的关键问题,研制了
3WP—800 型炮塔式离心雾化风送远射程喷雾机。
本文通过对国内外相关技术资料的研究,抓住影响喷雾质量因素,对两种比较常用
的离心雾化喷头:转盘式离心雾化喷洒装置(二种转盘形式、二种结构参数)和转笼式
离心雾化喷洒装置(三种转笼尺寸、五种规格网布)样品在 2000～12000 rpm 转速范围
下进行正交试验,找出了不同工况下雾滴的变化规律,得到了喷头转速是影响离心雾化
雾滴尺寸大小的主要因素,其次是喷头结构。并且雾滴尺寸大小和转速之间存在比较明
显的线形关系,当喷头转速达到 6000 rpm 时,雾化性能方可满足雾化要求,建立了雾
滴直径与转数间的回归方程;对于转盘式离心雾化喷头,大直径(d=160mm)、三折弯
结构的喷头雾化性能要优于小直径(d=130mm)、单折弯结构,各测试点的数据排列有
序,在相同转盘直径和转速条件下,有齿的喷头雾化性能要好于无齿的;对于转笼式离
心雾化喷头,外筛网较细时雾滴要小。
结合我国生产实际需要,选择合理的参数,优化结构配置,研制了通用性能好、适
用范围广的新型植保装置机具。在解决机具的动力问题,三维传动机构以及垂直轴传动
润滑装置方面有创新,其中三维传动机构以及垂直轴传动润滑装置的新颖设计在我国属
首创,并已获得国家三项专利。提高了我国果园施药机具的技术水平,缩短我国植保机
械在该领域与发达国家的差距。
Plant protection is an important segment to guaranteeing fertility and good
harvest in agriculture, and its equipment is an indispensable tool to realize
the target。Low—capacity spraying、rotary atomizing and long-shot air-Assisted
Spraying are the new technologies arisen recently in the field of plant
protection equipment. Its special merits: saving labor and drug, low cost, timely
preventing and curing, and being not strict to the sorts of drug and weather
condition etc., which have made these new technologies walk in the first rank
in the field of plant protection equipment.
Combination with the item ‘the Three Project in Agriculture in Jiangsu
Province’, which had been undertaken by Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization
Research Institute of Agriculture Department ,we finished << the research about
appliance and technology of cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot Air-Assisted
Spraying >>,which can carry out the spraying technology of high efficiency and
low pollution, raise the drug attachment rate to the crop target, reduce the
subsidence on to the ground and escapement. Besides, resolved the key problem
in the technology of cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot Air-Assisted Spraying
and the technology of high-efficiency low-pollution applying drug. By the
research, we designed 3WP—800 cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot air-assisted
sprayer
This paper researches some technique datum concerned home and abroad, catches
hold of the facts, which influence the quality of spraying. We also made a
comparative test with two kinds of common centrifugal atomizing nozzles (one
is rotating-disc type with two kinds of turntable forms and two kinds of
structural parameters; the other is rotating-cage type with three kinds of
rotating-cage sizes and five kinds of net specifications) at the rotational speed
2000 to 12000 rpm. From the test ,we found out the various regulation of droplets
under different operating conditions, and it comes that the rotational speed
is the major influence factor to the size of centrifugal atomizing droplet,
nozzle structure is the secondary factor. Meanwhile, it was also found that
obvious linear relationship exists between size and rotational speed, when
rotational speed achieves 6000 Rpm, Still the atomization capability may
satisfies the atomization requirement, then the regression equation could be
built between droplet diameter and revolution. As for the rotating-disc type ,
the structure of large diameter ( d=160mm ) and three-curved is superior to the
one of small diameter ( d=130mm ) and single curved in their atomizing function,
and the data of its each test point stands in order, when under the same condition
of rotating-disc diameter and rotational speed, the atomization nozzle with
tooth is better than the one without; the droplet is to be small when the outer
screen-mesh is dense.
Combination with the practical needs of producing in our country, selecting
reasonable parameters, and optimizing the structure, we designed a new plant
protection appliance of universal property and wide usage scope. To the problem
of machines’ power, there are innovations in three-dimensions driving mechanism
as well as vertical axis transmission and lubrication, their original design
is fully new in our country, which has achieved three national patents. Its great
meaning lies in improving the technology level of orchard medicine-applying
appliance in our country, and shortening the gap between our country and advanced
country in this field of protection machinery.
可少的生产工具。低容量喷雾、离心雾化、风送远射程喷雾技术是近年来世界植保机械
领域研究的新技术。其独特的优点是省工、省药、费用低,防治及时,对农药的剂型、
气象条件要求不严格等。但我国在此领域与发达国家还有很大差距[4]。
结合农业部南京农业机械化研究所承担的江苏省农业三项工程项目,完成了《炮塔
式离心雾化风送远射程喷雾技术及机具的研究设计》。实现了高效、低污染的施药技术,
提高了农药在作物靶标上的附着率,减少了农药在地面的沉降和在非处理区的飘逸,解
决了炮塔式离心雾化风送远射程技术、高效低污染施药技术中的关键问题,研制了
3WP—800 型炮塔式离心雾化风送远射程喷雾机。
本文通过对国内外相关技术资料的研究,抓住影响喷雾质量因素,对两种比较常用
的离心雾化喷头:转盘式离心雾化喷洒装置(二种转盘形式、二种结构参数)和转笼式
离心雾化喷洒装置(三种转笼尺寸、五种规格网布)样品在 2000～12000 rpm 转速范围
下进行正交试验,找出了不同工况下雾滴的变化规律,得到了喷头转速是影响离心雾化
雾滴尺寸大小的主要因素,其次是喷头结构。并且雾滴尺寸大小和转速之间存在比较明
显的线形关系,当喷头转速达到 6000 rpm 时,雾化性能方可满足雾化要求,建立了雾
滴直径与转数间的回归方程;对于转盘式离心雾化喷头,大直径(d=160mm)、三折弯
结构的喷头雾化性能要优于小直径(d=130mm)、单折弯结构,各测试点的数据排列有
序,在相同转盘直径和转速条件下,有齿的喷头雾化性能要好于无齿的;对于转笼式离
心雾化喷头,外筛网较细时雾滴要小。
结合我国生产实际需要,选择合理的参数,优化结构配置,研制了通用性能好、适
用范围广的新型植保装置机具。在解决机具的动力问题,三维传动机构以及垂直轴传动
润滑装置方面有创新,其中三维传动机构以及垂直轴传动润滑装置的新颖设计在我国属
首创,并已获得国家三项专利。提高了我国果园施药机具的技术水平,缩短我国植保机
械在该领域与发达国家的差距。
Plant protection is an important segment to guaranteeing fertility and good
harvest in agriculture, and its equipment is an indispensable tool to realize
the target。Low—capacity spraying、rotary atomizing and long-shot air-Assisted
Spraying are the new technologies arisen recently in the field of plant
protection equipment. Its special merits: saving labor and drug, low cost, timely
preventing and curing, and being not strict to the sorts of drug and weather
condition etc., which have made these new technologies walk in the first rank
in the field of plant protection equipment.
Combination with the item ‘the Three Project in Agriculture in Jiangsu
Province’, which had been undertaken by Nanjing Agricultural Mechanization
Research Institute of Agriculture Department ,we finished << the research about
appliance and technology of cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot Air-Assisted
Spraying >>,which can carry out the spraying technology of high efficiency and
low pollution, raise the drug attachment rate to the crop target, reduce the
subsidence on to the ground and escapement. Besides, resolved the key problem
in the technology of cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot Air-Assisted Spraying
and the technology of high-efficiency low-pollution applying drug. By the
research, we designed 3WP—800 cannon rotary- atomizing long- shot air-assisted
sprayer
This paper researches some technique datum concerned home and abroad, catches
hold of the facts, which influence the quality of spraying. We also made a
comparative test with two kinds of common centrifugal atomizing nozzles (one
is rotating-disc type with two kinds of turntable forms and two kinds of
structural parameters; the other is rotating-cage type with three kinds of
rotating-cage sizes and five kinds of net specifications) at the rotational speed
2000 to 12000 rpm. From the test ,we found out the various regulation of droplets
under different operating conditions, and it comes that the rotational speed
is the major influence factor to the size of centrifugal atomizing droplet,
nozzle structure is the secondary factor. Meanwhile, it was also found that
obvious linear relationship exists between size and rotational speed, when
rotational speed achieves 6000 Rpm, Still the atomization capability may
satisfies the atomization requirement, then the regression equation could be
built between droplet diameter and revolution. As for the rotating-disc type ,
the structure of large diameter ( d=160mm ) and three-curved is superior to the
one of small diameter ( d=130mm ) and single curved in their atomizing function,
and the data of its each test point stands in order, when under the same condition
of rotating-disc diameter and rotational speed, the atomization nozzle with
tooth is better than the one without; the droplet is to be small when the outer
screen-mesh is dense.
Combination with the practical needs of producing in our country, selecting
reasonable parameters, and optimizing the structure, we designed a new plant
protection appliance of universal property and wide usage scope. To the problem
of machines’ power, there are innovations in three-dimensions driving mechanism
as well as vertical axis transmission and lubrication, their original design
is fully new in our country, which has achieved three national patents. Its great
meaning lies in improving the technology level of orchard medicine-applying
appliance in our country, and shortening the gap between our country and advanced
country in this field of protection machinery.
引文