无核白葡萄浆果耐拉力、耐压力的研究
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摘要
本论文以无核白葡萄为材料，用赤霉素和矿质元素配合研制成的综合营养液制剂处理无核白葡萄以解决无核白葡萄耐拉力、耐压力差、落粒严重的主要问题；同时探讨了外源激素、栽培措施和营养水平与无核白葡萄耐贮运性的关系，为提高无核白葡萄耐贮运性提供了实践依据。取得的研究结果如下：
1．通过施用不同浓度的外源激素GA_3，成熟时与对照相比均不同程度地提高了无核白葡萄的耐拉力、耐压力和果粒重，其中10mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理与对照相比差异不显著。在200mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理时耐拉力、耐压力达到最大，而在500mg·L~(-1)GA_3水平时浆果重最大为2.91g。无核白葡萄在0～60mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理浓度范围内落粒率由高到低，在60mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理浓度时达到最小，为36.5％。然后随着GA_3浓度增大，落粒率逐步升高，在1000mg·L~(-1)GA_3浓度处理时达到最大为68.3％。
2．在花后(花冠脱落)和花后1～5周内应用0、20、40、60、80、100mg·L~(-1)GA_3分别处理无核白葡萄。在花后和花后2周果粒明显增大，但花后1周处理果粒增大不明显。GA_3浓度在40mg·L~(-1)以上时果粒增大显著。
3．通过环剥增大了无核白葡萄的耐拉力、耐压力和果粒重。花后一周环剥，浆果的耐拉力最大；而在花后2周内处理的浆果果粒重显著增大。并且环剥和GA_3处理结合起来效果更为明显。
4．用我们研制的提高无核葡萄浆果品质的综合营养液制剂，应用13个处理在无核白葡萄上，以A、B、R表现较好，耐拉力分别为425.1g，446.7g，453.4g，与对照的82.7g相比增大5.1倍以上，浆果耐压力2117.5g、2000.0g、2178.3g，与对照的688.4g相比提高2.9倍以上。A、B、C、R四个处理的果粒重增加最为明显，分别为3.61g、3.77g、3.78g、3.63g，比对照1.46g增大2.47倍。各个处理均降低了浆果的落粒率，其中以A、B、C、D、J、L、P、Q、R处理效果较好，与对照相比差异达到显著水平。其中以R处理落粒率最小为24.1％，比对照的落粒率51.4％降低27.3％。将这些处理的果实贮藏10天后，发现A、B、R三个处理表现仍然很好。A、B、R处理明显地提高了无核白葡萄的耐拉力和耐压力，显著地降低了浆果的落粒率。说明这3个处理能在很大程度上提高无核白葡萄果实的耐贮运性和商品性。
5．在采收前20天用浓度为1.0％、1.5％、2.5％、3.0％的Ca(NO_3)_2喷布无核白葡萄果粒。以1.5％浓度综合效果较好，在用GA_3处理的浆果上耐压力为2453.3g，耐拉力为460.0g，落粒率为32.3％，在无GA_3处理的浆果上耐压力为1430.3g，耐拉力为117.0g，落粒率为40.7％。
This thesis studied the main reason on the berries to bear to pull and pressure badly and berry drop seriously regarding 'Thompson Seedless' grape as the material. The nutrient solution preparation(GA and nourishment),our new-developed product, was applied to increase the attachment of stem to the berries and the turgor pressure of berries and decrease the berry drop of 'Thompson Seedless' grape. The relation between the hormone, the cultivation measure and nourishment level and berry quality of storage and conveyance was searched. All above may provide the practical basis for the exaltation of berry quality of storage and conveyance. The acquisition's research is as follows:
1 .'Thompson Seedless1 clusters were treated by momentarily dipping into a series of concentrations of GA3 solution .In maturation, all treatments increased the attachment of stem to the berries and turgor pressure of berries and berry weight .With fruits treated, there was no significant increase in berry quality more than 10mg·L-1.The attachment of stem to the berries and turgor pressure of berries was to attain biggest. Maximum berry weight was obtained with 500mg·L-1 applied. Among the concentration of 0-60mg·L-1,berry drop decreased gradually. When 60mg·L-1 GA3 was applied ,berry drop was the least ,for 36.5%.Then berry drop gradually go up along with the concentrations of GA3 increased. Maximum berry drop was obtained with 1000mg·L-1
2.Thompson Seedless clusters were dipped into solutions of GA3 at 0,20,40,60,80,100ppm GA3 on each of May 30, June 6, Junel4, June20,June 28, July 5.There were two peaks of optimum response of berry size, coinciding with the end of bloom stage and the beginning of fruit-set stage, but the result of treatment on June 6 was strikingly lower than that from treatments 1 week earlier or later. The effect of concentration of GA3 showed that the maximum berry size was obtained with this compound at 40ppm or higher.
3.Maximum increase in berry size as a result of girdling occurred during a 2-week period. Maximum increased in the attachment of stem to the berries during a 1 -week period. The treatments of girdling on GArtreated vines had better effect.
4.The treatments of A,B,R had better effect in 13 treatments that we researched to manufacture the nutrient solution preparation .The attachment of stem to the berries was respectively 425.1g ,446.7g ,453.4g ,enlarged 5.1 times compared with CK of 82.7gAnd the turgor pressure of berries were 2117.5g ,2000.0g ,2178.3g , increased 2.9 times than CK of 688.4g .The berry size of four treatments of A, B, C, R was respectively for 3.61g, 3.77g,
3.78g, 3.63g, increased 2.47 times than CK of 1.46g.All treatments lowered berry drop, but the treatments of A, B, C, D, J, L, P, Q had better effect. Among them the berry drop of R treatment was least, 24.13%.But the berry drop of CK was 51.4 %. After these processed fruits were stored for 10 days in 0-4℃,we discovered that A, B, R treatments still preformed better.
5.The clusters of Thompson Seedless' grape were sprayed with Ca(NO3)2 solution of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.0%before 20 days in maturation .It was found (hat calcium treatment increased the storage life of the berries. The results of 1.5% Ca(NO3)2 solution was better . The turgor pressure of berries was 2453.3g, the attachment of stems to the berries was 460.0g, and the berry drop was 32.3% of GAvtreated 'Thompson Seedless 'grape. The turgor pressure of berries was 1430.3g , the attachment of stems to the berries was 117.0g , and the berry drop was 40.7% of no GAHreated 'Thompson Seedless' grape.
1．通过施用不同浓度的外源激素GA_3，成熟时与对照相比均不同程度地提高了无核白葡萄的耐拉力、耐压力和果粒重，其中10mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理与对照相比差异不显著。在200mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理时耐拉力、耐压力达到最大，而在500mg·L~(-1)GA_3水平时浆果重最大为2.91g。无核白葡萄在0～60mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理浓度范围内落粒率由高到低，在60mg·L~(-1)GA_3处理浓度时达到最小，为36.5％。然后随着GA_3浓度增大，落粒率逐步升高，在1000mg·L~(-1)GA_3浓度处理时达到最大为68.3％。
2．在花后(花冠脱落)和花后1～5周内应用0、20、40、60、80、100mg·L~(-1)GA_3分别处理无核白葡萄。在花后和花后2周果粒明显增大，但花后1周处理果粒增大不明显。GA_3浓度在40mg·L~(-1)以上时果粒增大显著。
3．通过环剥增大了无核白葡萄的耐拉力、耐压力和果粒重。花后一周环剥，浆果的耐拉力最大；而在花后2周内处理的浆果果粒重显著增大。并且环剥和GA_3处理结合起来效果更为明显。
4．用我们研制的提高无核葡萄浆果品质的综合营养液制剂，应用13个处理在无核白葡萄上，以A、B、R表现较好，耐拉力分别为425.1g，446.7g，453.4g，与对照的82.7g相比增大5.1倍以上，浆果耐压力2117.5g、2000.0g、2178.3g，与对照的688.4g相比提高2.9倍以上。A、B、C、R四个处理的果粒重增加最为明显，分别为3.61g、3.77g、3.78g、3.63g，比对照1.46g增大2.47倍。各个处理均降低了浆果的落粒率，其中以A、B、C、D、J、L、P、Q、R处理效果较好，与对照相比差异达到显著水平。其中以R处理落粒率最小为24.1％，比对照的落粒率51.4％降低27.3％。将这些处理的果实贮藏10天后，发现A、B、R三个处理表现仍然很好。A、B、R处理明显地提高了无核白葡萄的耐拉力和耐压力，显著地降低了浆果的落粒率。说明这3个处理能在很大程度上提高无核白葡萄果实的耐贮运性和商品性。
5．在采收前20天用浓度为1.0％、1.5％、2.5％、3.0％的Ca(NO_3)_2喷布无核白葡萄果粒。以1.5％浓度综合效果较好，在用GA_3处理的浆果上耐压力为2453.3g，耐拉力为460.0g，落粒率为32.3％，在无GA_3处理的浆果上耐压力为1430.3g，耐拉力为117.0g，落粒率为40.7％。
This thesis studied the main reason on the berries to bear to pull and pressure badly and berry drop seriously regarding 'Thompson Seedless' grape as the material. The nutrient solution preparation(GA and nourishment),our new-developed product, was applied to increase the attachment of stem to the berries and the turgor pressure of berries and decrease the berry drop of 'Thompson Seedless' grape. The relation between the hormone, the cultivation measure and nourishment level and berry quality of storage and conveyance was searched. All above may provide the practical basis for the exaltation of berry quality of storage and conveyance. The acquisition's research is as follows:
1 .'Thompson Seedless1 clusters were treated by momentarily dipping into a series of concentrations of GA3 solution .In maturation, all treatments increased the attachment of stem to the berries and turgor pressure of berries and berry weight .With fruits treated, there was no significant increase in berry quality more than 10mg·L-1.The attachment of stem to the berries and turgor pressure of berries was to attain biggest. Maximum berry weight was obtained with 500mg·L-1 applied. Among the concentration of 0-60mg·L-1,berry drop decreased gradually. When 60mg·L-1 GA3 was applied ,berry drop was the least ,for 36.5%.Then berry drop gradually go up along with the concentrations of GA3 increased. Maximum berry drop was obtained with 1000mg·L-1
2.Thompson Seedless clusters were dipped into solutions of GA3 at 0,20,40,60,80,100ppm GA3 on each of May 30, June 6, Junel4, June20,June 28, July 5.There were two peaks of optimum response of berry size, coinciding with the end of bloom stage and the beginning of fruit-set stage, but the result of treatment on June 6 was strikingly lower than that from treatments 1 week earlier or later. The effect of concentration of GA3 showed that the maximum berry size was obtained with this compound at 40ppm or higher.
3.Maximum increase in berry size as a result of girdling occurred during a 2-week period. Maximum increased in the attachment of stem to the berries during a 1 -week period. The treatments of girdling on GArtreated vines had better effect.
4.The treatments of A,B,R had better effect in 13 treatments that we researched to manufacture the nutrient solution preparation .The attachment of stem to the berries was respectively 425.1g ,446.7g ,453.4g ,enlarged 5.1 times compared with CK of 82.7gAnd the turgor pressure of berries were 2117.5g ,2000.0g ,2178.3g , increased 2.9 times than CK of 688.4g .The berry size of four treatments of A, B, C, R was respectively for 3.61g, 3.77g,
3.78g, 3.63g, increased 2.47 times than CK of 1.46g.All treatments lowered berry drop, but the treatments of A, B, C, D, J, L, P, Q had better effect. Among them the berry drop of R treatment was least, 24.13%.But the berry drop of CK was 51.4 %. After these processed fruits were stored for 10 days in 0-4℃,we discovered that A, B, R treatments still preformed better.
5.The clusters of Thompson Seedless' grape were sprayed with Ca(NO3)2 solution of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.0%before 20 days in maturation .It was found (hat calcium treatment increased the storage life of the berries. The results of 1.5% Ca(NO3)2 solution was better . The turgor pressure of berries was 2453.3g, the attachment of stems to the berries was 460.0g, and the berry drop was 32.3% of GAvtreated 'Thompson Seedless 'grape. The turgor pressure of berries was 1430.3g , the attachment of stems to the berries was 117.0g , and the berry drop was 40.7% of no GAHreated 'Thompson Seedless' grape.
引文
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