生长调节剂对水分胁迫下幼龄葡萄生长及抗性生理代谢影响的研究
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摘要
试验研究了几种不同生长调节剂对盆栽和田间栽植的晚红葡萄幼树，在土壤水分胁迫过程中和离体叶片在自然失水过程中的新梢生长、叶片水分关系、叶片光合和蒸腾速率以及叶片抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明，1．在水分胁迫下，盆栽葡萄幼树新梢生长减弱，当胁迫严重时，其生长基本停止。叶面施用甜菜碱、调节剂Ⅱ号(R—Ⅱ)和调节剂Ⅲ号(R—Ⅲ)处理后可显著促进水分胁迫下盆栽葡萄幼树新梢生长，三次喷施后持续效应达15天以上，且R—Ⅱ、R—Ⅲ比甜菜碱促进效应更大；施用FA旱地龙处理的效应不稳定，且持续的时间短；而施用调节剂Ⅰ号(R—Ⅰ)处理对新梢生长无显著影响。在非水分胁迫条件下，对田间葡萄幼树进行处理，叶面施用甜菜碱和FA旱地龙后对葡萄新梢生长无显著影响；施用R—Ⅰ后对葡萄新梢生长有抑制作用；施用R—Ⅱ、R—Ⅲ处理后对新梢生长也有抑制作用，当土壤含水量(SWC)降到11.7％以下即临近水分胁迫发生时，R—Ⅱ、R—Ⅲ对新梢生长的抑制作用转为促进作用，但均未达到显著水平。2．在停止浇水第5天开始于盆栽葡萄幼树叶面喷施不同生长调节剂，R—Ⅱ处理的葡萄叶片含水量增加最多，与对照差异显著；R—Ⅲ和甜菜碱处理引起的叶片含水量的增加也与对照有显著差异；而R—Ⅰ和FA处理虽也可引起叶片含水量增加，但与对照无显著差异。在非水分胁迫下，对田间葡萄幼树叶面喷施不同生长调节剂，R—Ⅱ和R—Ⅲ处理使叶片含水量显著比对照提高；甜菜碱和FA处理的叶片含水量虽有提高，但与对照无显著差异；R—Ⅰ处理的叶片含水量与对照基本相同。3．水分胁迫条件下的盆栽葡萄幼树，其被水分饱和的离体叶片，在开始失水的前30min内，不同生长调节剂处理的叶片失水速率比对照均有减缓，其中R—Ⅱ和R—Ⅲ及甜菜碱处理与对照差异显著；而R—Ⅰ和FA处理与对照无显著差异。在开始失水的30min之后，各处理的叶片失水率与对照基本相同。非水
分胁迫条件下的田间葡萄幼树，其被水分饱和的离体叶片，在开始失水的前
4 smin内，不同生长调节剂处理的叶片失水率与对照基本相同。4.水分胁迫
条件下，随水分胁迫时间的延长，葡萄幼树叶片SOD活性不断下降，而仇-
产生速率和MDA含量均呈逐渐上升趋势。施用不同生长调节剂后，无论盆栽
整体植株、还是离体叶片，钳菜碱以及R一n和R一111的处理都有明显的维护
叶片SOD活性和减缓02一产生速率和MDA含量增多的作用;而R一I和FA旱地
龙的处理作用不明显。5.水分胁迫条件下，施用不同生长调节剂处理盆栽葡
萄幼树，其叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率均高于对照，但未达到显著水平。
The experiment studied different plant growth regulator to shoot growth relation of leaves and water, photosynthesis , transpire rete and resist oxidize ability of potted or field plant grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) small tree, during water stress period and detached leaves to natural drying in air was effect. The result showed that:
1. The shoot growth of potted grapevine become weak under water stress condition, it's growth is stopped when the water stress become serious. The shoot growth of young potted grapevine is obviously promoted after the surface of leaves are dealt with betaine, R- II and R-III. The effect last over 15 days after spraying of three times, what's more, the increasing effect R-I and R- II is larger than betaine ; the effect of FA to grapevine young tree is not stable, and the time is short. If dealt with R-I, the effect is not obvious; under adequate water stress condition, the young field grapevine surface of leaves are dealt with betaine and FA,the effect is not obvious. R-I can restrain the growth of grapevine shoot growth; R-II and R-III can also restrains the growth of grapevine shoot growth; the restrain effect of R- II and R-III them into promotion when swc dropped to 11.7%, namely closing water stress, but they all did not attain obvious level.
2. The increasing of grapevine leaves water content is the most, this difference is obvious than the contrast, if using R-II, when potted grapevine young tree surface of leaves are dealt with difference growth regulator of stopped pour water for 5 days later; the water content of grapevine leaves increase obviously than contrast, if using R-ffl and betaine; the deposition of R-I and FA can lead to the increasing of water content, but it did not attain obvious difference. The water content of leaves are higher than contrast if sprayed R- II and R-ffl; the water content of leave are higher than contrast if sprayed betaine and FA, but it did not attain obvious level; the water content of leaves are the same as the contrast if dealt with R-I ,under adequate water supply condition, the young field grapevine surface of leaves are dealt with difference growth regulator.
3. Under water stress condition potted grapevine young tree, the dehydration speed is slower than the contrast if detached leaves which are satiated by water are deposed of different growth regulator before 30 minutes, the difference is obvious than contrast if dealt with R- II, R-III and betaine; the difference is not obvious than contrast if dealt with R-I and FA. The dehydration speed is the same as the contrast if the leave are dealt with different regulator in 30 minutes. The dehydration speed is the same as the contrast if the detached
leaves are dealt with different regulator before 45 minutes under inadequate water supply condition.
4. Under water stress condition, following the prolong of water stress's time, SOD activity of grapevine young tree leaves continuously drop, yet the producing rate of O2- and MDA content are increasing. After be imposed difference kinds plant growth regulator, no matter potted plants or detached leaves, betaine, R-II and R-III all obviously defend leaves SOD activity and slowdown o2- produce rate and MDA content increasing action, other than R-I and FA effect was not obvious.
5. The leaf photosynthesis and transpire of potted grapevine young tree which is deposed of different growth regulator are higher than the contrast, under water stress condition, but these can not attain obvious difference.
分胁迫条件下的田间葡萄幼树，其被水分饱和的离体叶片，在开始失水的前
4 smin内，不同生长调节剂处理的叶片失水率与对照基本相同。4.水分胁迫
条件下，随水分胁迫时间的延长，葡萄幼树叶片SOD活性不断下降，而仇-
产生速率和MDA含量均呈逐渐上升趋势。施用不同生长调节剂后，无论盆栽
整体植株、还是离体叶片，钳菜碱以及R一n和R一111的处理都有明显的维护
叶片SOD活性和减缓02一产生速率和MDA含量增多的作用;而R一I和FA旱地
龙的处理作用不明显。5.水分胁迫条件下，施用不同生长调节剂处理盆栽葡
萄幼树，其叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率均高于对照，但未达到显著水平。
The experiment studied different plant growth regulator to shoot growth relation of leaves and water, photosynthesis , transpire rete and resist oxidize ability of potted or field plant grapevine (Vitis Vinifera) small tree, during water stress period and detached leaves to natural drying in air was effect. The result showed that:
1. The shoot growth of potted grapevine become weak under water stress condition, it's growth is stopped when the water stress become serious. The shoot growth of young potted grapevine is obviously promoted after the surface of leaves are dealt with betaine, R- II and R-III. The effect last over 15 days after spraying of three times, what's more, the increasing effect R-I and R- II is larger than betaine ; the effect of FA to grapevine young tree is not stable, and the time is short. If dealt with R-I, the effect is not obvious; under adequate water stress condition, the young field grapevine surface of leaves are dealt with betaine and FA,the effect is not obvious. R-I can restrain the growth of grapevine shoot growth; R-II and R-III can also restrains the growth of grapevine shoot growth; the restrain effect of R- II and R-III them into promotion when swc dropped to 11.7%, namely closing water stress, but they all did not attain obvious level.
2. The increasing of grapevine leaves water content is the most, this difference is obvious than the contrast, if using R-II, when potted grapevine young tree surface of leaves are dealt with difference growth regulator of stopped pour water for 5 days later; the water content of grapevine leaves increase obviously than contrast, if using R-ffl and betaine; the deposition of R-I and FA can lead to the increasing of water content, but it did not attain obvious difference. The water content of leaves are higher than contrast if sprayed R- II and R-ffl; the water content of leave are higher than contrast if sprayed betaine and FA, but it did not attain obvious level; the water content of leaves are the same as the contrast if dealt with R-I ,under adequate water supply condition, the young field grapevine surface of leaves are dealt with difference growth regulator.
3. Under water stress condition potted grapevine young tree, the dehydration speed is slower than the contrast if detached leaves which are satiated by water are deposed of different growth regulator before 30 minutes, the difference is obvious than contrast if dealt with R- II, R-III and betaine; the difference is not obvious than contrast if dealt with R-I and FA. The dehydration speed is the same as the contrast if the leave are dealt with different regulator in 30 minutes. The dehydration speed is the same as the contrast if the detached
leaves are dealt with different regulator before 45 minutes under inadequate water supply condition.
4. Under water stress condition, following the prolong of water stress's time, SOD activity of grapevine young tree leaves continuously drop, yet the producing rate of O2- and MDA content are increasing. After be imposed difference kinds plant growth regulator, no matter potted plants or detached leaves, betaine, R-II and R-III all obviously defend leaves SOD activity and slowdown o2- produce rate and MDA content increasing action, other than R-I and FA effect was not obvious.
5. The leaf photosynthesis and transpire of potted grapevine young tree which is deposed of different growth regulator are higher than the contrast, under water stress condition, but these can not attain obvious difference.
引文
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