基于PLC的无糖组培箱微环境CO_2增施监控系统的研究
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摘要
应用先进的环境调控技术，实现组培苗的自动化、规模化、工厂化生产是使组培苗成为商品普遍应用于农业的较好途径。然而，目前培养环境内各环境因子对培养植物的生长发育及其形态的影响，还有许多问题没有弄清，相关环境控制系统急待开发。本研究的目的是开发一套能长期自动直接监控组培微环境CO_2浓度的调控系统；初步探索对组培箱内气体净化、除湿的方法；探索CO_2富集对组培苗生长发育的影响，为日后的科学实验和生产实践提供借鉴。
本研究开发了一套基于PLC的无糖组培微环境CO_2增施监控系统。研究内容包括：高压高纯度CO_2施放模糊控制器研究，实现对组培环境的CO_2浓度以及相对湿度的监控；进行生根阶段无糖培养的CO_2富集(富集浓度900～1100μmol·mol~(-1))与无CO_2富集的对比实验，研究分析CO_2富集对组培苗的影响；初步尝试用箱外循环法对组培箱内的空气进行除湿净化处理。
结果表明：所研制的无糖组培微环境CO_2增施监控系统工作正常、稳定、可靠，能有效地将组培箱内的CO_2浓度及其相对湿度控制在设定范围内；用箱外循环法对箱内气体净化处理后，改善了组培箱内的气体环境，有利于组培苗的生长发育；CO_2富集环境中，组培苗生长健壮、发育良好，生根率显著提高，根系发达。本实验条件下，处理组菊花组培苗的新增叶片数是对照组的1.85倍；处理组的根总长是对照组的10.6倍；处理组根数是对照组的6.67倍。
It is a good way for plantlets' commercial application in agriculture to develop automated industrial-scale culture facilities by using advanced environmental control technology. But there are a lot of complexed problems about the environmenteal factors effecting the growth and morphasis of plantlets, so it is urgent to develop environmental control system which adapt to use in plant tissue culture . The object of this research is to develop an environmental control system which can directly monitor and control the micro-environment in which plantlets were planted during the whole period of the culture;seek the way to putrify the air in culture box;study the effects of CO2 enrichment on culture plantleto
We designed an environmental control system for sugar-free plant tissue based on PLC. In this paper introduced the study of fuzzy controller which was used for CO2 supplying control from CO2
source-high-pressure steel tin to culture box, studied the control of relative humidity and CO2
concentration in the culture box and effects of CO2 enrichment (enrichment concentration was 900-1100mol mol-1) on the growth of chrysanthemum plantlet and tried to clean the air in the culture box by cycling
The results indicated that this environment control system operates normally and reliably .It can keep the CO2 concentration and relative humidity in setting scope; it is good to the growth of the culture plantlets to clean the air in culture box by cycling; CO2 enrichment can promote the growth and photosynthetic and can increase the percentage of shooting The number of new leaves of the chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition is 1.85 times of the plantlet cultured under CO2-nonenriched condition; The number of the roots of the chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition 5.67 times greater compared with the plantlet cultured under CO2 nonenriched condition. The sum lengths of the roots of chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition were 10.6 times as great as the plantlets cultured under CO2-nonenriched condition.
本研究开发了一套基于PLC的无糖组培微环境CO_2增施监控系统。研究内容包括：高压高纯度CO_2施放模糊控制器研究，实现对组培环境的CO_2浓度以及相对湿度的监控；进行生根阶段无糖培养的CO_2富集(富集浓度900～1100μmol·mol~(-1))与无CO_2富集的对比实验，研究分析CO_2富集对组培苗的影响；初步尝试用箱外循环法对组培箱内的空气进行除湿净化处理。
结果表明：所研制的无糖组培微环境CO_2增施监控系统工作正常、稳定、可靠，能有效地将组培箱内的CO_2浓度及其相对湿度控制在设定范围内；用箱外循环法对箱内气体净化处理后，改善了组培箱内的气体环境，有利于组培苗的生长发育；CO_2富集环境中，组培苗生长健壮、发育良好，生根率显著提高，根系发达。本实验条件下，处理组菊花组培苗的新增叶片数是对照组的1.85倍；处理组的根总长是对照组的10.6倍；处理组根数是对照组的6.67倍。
It is a good way for plantlets' commercial application in agriculture to develop automated industrial-scale culture facilities by using advanced environmental control technology. But there are a lot of complexed problems about the environmenteal factors effecting the growth and morphasis of plantlets, so it is urgent to develop environmental control system which adapt to use in plant tissue culture . The object of this research is to develop an environmental control system which can directly monitor and control the micro-environment in which plantlets were planted during the whole period of the culture;seek the way to putrify the air in culture box;study the effects of CO2 enrichment on culture plantleto
We designed an environmental control system for sugar-free plant tissue based on PLC. In this paper introduced the study of fuzzy controller which was used for CO2 supplying control from CO2
source-high-pressure steel tin to culture box, studied the control of relative humidity and CO2
concentration in the culture box and effects of CO2 enrichment (enrichment concentration was 900-1100mol mol-1) on the growth of chrysanthemum plantlet and tried to clean the air in the culture box by cycling
The results indicated that this environment control system operates normally and reliably .It can keep the CO2 concentration and relative humidity in setting scope; it is good to the growth of the culture plantlets to clean the air in culture box by cycling; CO2 enrichment can promote the growth and photosynthetic and can increase the percentage of shooting The number of new leaves of the chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition is 1.85 times of the plantlet cultured under CO2-nonenriched condition; The number of the roots of the chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition 5.67 times greater compared with the plantlet cultured under CO2 nonenriched condition. The sum lengths of the roots of chrysanthemum plantlet cultured under CO2-enriched condition were 10.6 times as great as the plantlets cultured under CO2-nonenriched condition.
引文
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[2] 江苏植物组培研究协会编．经济植物组织培养技术[M]．南京：江苏科技出版社，1988：1～14
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[4] Niu G, kozai T. Simulation CO_2 concentration in the culture vessel and growth plantlet in micropropagation. [J]. Acta hort, 1998, 456:37～43
[5] 李宗菊，桂明英．加速组培卤小植株生长无糖培养技术[J]．北方园艺，1999，1，15～17
[6] 王以红，蔡玲．花卉组培快繁与产业花研究及前景[J]．广西科技通讯，1994，9：11～13
[7] 翟应昌，周志坚，龚峥，等．林木组培工厂化育苗技术的研究[J]．广东林业科技1996，12(4)：1～8
[8] 毕绪岱，陈文龙．年产百万株林木组培苗工厂—设施系统与技术体系[J]．林业科技通讯，1994，(9)：11～13．
[9] 杨小玲，刘书亭．花卉组培快繁与产业化发展现状及前景[J]．天津农业科学，2001，7(1)：1～3
[10] 阙国宁，张健如．组培苗商品化现状与对策[J]．林业科技开发，1996，3：3～5
[11] Fujiwara K, Kozai T, Watanable I. Measurement of carbon dioxide gas concentration in closed vessels containing tissure culture plantlets and estimates of net photosynthetic rates of the plant tissue culture vessels [J]. J. Agr.Meterorol, 1987, 45:143～149
[12] 曲英华，胡秀婵，吴毅明．物组织培养新技术：光独立培养法[J]，农业工程学报，2001，17(6)：90～91
[13] kozai T, Oki H, Fujiwara K. Photosynthetic characteristics of Cymbidium plantlet in vitro [J]. plant cell, Tissue and organ culture, 1990, 22(3):205～211
[14] Kozai T, smith M. A.I. Environmental control in plant tissure culture. General introduction and overview [C]. Colleced papers on environmental control in micropropagation volume 3 (1994-1995) Dept of B ioproduction Science, Faculty of Horticulture Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan. 1995: 916～921
[15] 陈振光．园艺植物离体培养学[M]．北京：中国农业出版社，1995：1～13
[16] 古在丰树．植物组织培养的新阶段[M]．日本东京：农田鱼村文化协会，1998：72～115
[17] Shimada N, Tanaka F, Kozai T. Effects of low o_2 concentration on net photosynthetic activity of C_3 plantlets in vitro [J]. Acta Hort. 1988, 230:171～175
[18] Seko Y, Nishimura M. Effects of CO_2 and light on survival and growth of rice regenerates in vitro on sugar-free medium [J]. Plant cell, tissue and organ culture, 1997, 46 (3): 257～264
[19] Desjadings Y. Factors affecting CO_2 fixation in strving to optimize photoautotrophy in micropropagated plantlets [J]. Plant tissue culture and biotechnology, 1995, 1(1): 13～25
[20] 徐志刚，丁为民，丁永前，等．规模化组培育苗设施环境与控制的研究进展[J]．农业机械学报，2002，33(1)：106～110
[21] Zobayed S.M.A, Kubota C, Kozai T. Development of a forced ventilation micropropagation system for large-scale phototrophic culture and its utilization in sweet potato [C]. Collected papers on environmental control in micropropagation volume2 (1999-2002). Dept of bioproduction science, Faculty of Horticulture Chiba University, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan, 2002:44～46
[22] Tisserat B, Herman C, Silman R, et al. Using ultra-high carbon dioxide levels enhances plantlet growth in vitro [J]. HortTech, 1997, 7(3): 282～289
[23] 昆明市环境科学研究所．一种无糖箱式植物组织的培养方法．中华人民共和国，发明专利，CN1214858A，1999年4月28日
[24] 昆明市环境科学研究所．植物光独立培养微繁殖供气装置．中华人民共和国，实用新型专利，CN 2430012Y，2001年5月16日
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