高压绝缘诊断的介电响应技术研究
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摘要
介电响应法是一种非破坏性的绝缘状态诊断方法,这种方法通过时域测量绝缘的极化去极化电流,计算得到其低频特性,反映绝缘系统的状态。由于常规的绝缘诊断方法具有一定的局限性,论文提出了介电响应法并阐述该方法的测量方法和研究现状,然后详细介绍了介电响应法的基本理论和时频域关系。
论文证实了傅里叶变换在介电响应法频域分析中通过测量时域电流信号替代低频段频域测量的可行性和正确性。由于测量低频介电特性需要花费大量的时间,而时域测量极化去极化电流时间较短,因此,我们可以通过傅里叶变换将时域测量的电流信号变到频域,获得介质的低频特性,代替直接用频域法进行测量,这样可大大减少测量的时间,有利于更快的进行绝缘状态诊断。
最后,通过实验测量了绝缘纸板在不同电压和极化时间下的极化去极化电流,表明更充分的极化时间能获得更多的绝缘内部信息。由于水分是绝缘老化的产物,论文研究了水分对极化去极化电流的影响,含有水分时电流幅值变大,在曲线的后半段衰减缓慢。在此基础上,将干燥和吸潮纸板的去极化电流通过傅里叶变换计算得到其在低频段的复电容和损耗因数曲线,从损耗因数曲线图可以发现,水分的存在使得损耗因数值变大而且随着频率的增加曲线也变得平缓。实验结果证实了介电响应法的有效性。
Dielectric response is a non-destructive insulation diagnosis method, which measures the polarization and depolarization current of the insulation in time domain, and then calculates its low-frequency characteristics to reflect the condition of the insulation system.
Because of the limitations of conventional insulation diagnosis methods, this thesis has proposed the dielectric response method and described its measurement methods and research status, and then detailed of the basic theory of the dielectric response and the relationship between time and frequency domain. This thesis has verified the feasibility and validity of the Fourier transform in frequency domain analysis of dielectric response through measuring the time current signal instead of low-frequency measurement. Since the measurement of low-frequency dielectric properties requires a lot of time, and the time domain of measuring the polarization and depolarization current is shorter, so we can transform the measured time domain current signal to frequency domain to obtain low-frequency characteristics of the dielectric through the Fourier transform, in place of directly measuring by the frequency domain method, this can greatly reduce the measurement time and diagnose the insulation condition faster.
Finally, experimentally measuring the the polarization and depolarization current of the insulation paperboard under different voltage and polarization time has indicated that more polarization time may get more insulation interior information. Because water is a product of insulation aging, this thesis has discussed the influence of water on the polarization and depolarization current,the result shows the current amplitude becomes larger and the depolarization current curve decays slowly when the paperboard contains water. On this basis, this thesis transforms the depolarization current of dry and moisture absorption paperboard to calculate the low-frequency complex capacitance and dissipation factor, it can be found from the loss factor curve that the moisture makes the dissipation factor value larger and the curve becomes gentle along with the increasing frequency. The experimental results have verified the availability of the dielectric response in this thesis.
论文证实了傅里叶变换在介电响应法频域分析中通过测量时域电流信号替代低频段频域测量的可行性和正确性。由于测量低频介电特性需要花费大量的时间,而时域测量极化去极化电流时间较短,因此,我们可以通过傅里叶变换将时域测量的电流信号变到频域,获得介质的低频特性,代替直接用频域法进行测量,这样可大大减少测量的时间,有利于更快的进行绝缘状态诊断。
最后,通过实验测量了绝缘纸板在不同电压和极化时间下的极化去极化电流,表明更充分的极化时间能获得更多的绝缘内部信息。由于水分是绝缘老化的产物,论文研究了水分对极化去极化电流的影响,含有水分时电流幅值变大,在曲线的后半段衰减缓慢。在此基础上,将干燥和吸潮纸板的去极化电流通过傅里叶变换计算得到其在低频段的复电容和损耗因数曲线,从损耗因数曲线图可以发现,水分的存在使得损耗因数值变大而且随着频率的增加曲线也变得平缓。实验结果证实了介电响应法的有效性。
Dielectric response is a non-destructive insulation diagnosis method, which measures the polarization and depolarization current of the insulation in time domain, and then calculates its low-frequency characteristics to reflect the condition of the insulation system.
Because of the limitations of conventional insulation diagnosis methods, this thesis has proposed the dielectric response method and described its measurement methods and research status, and then detailed of the basic theory of the dielectric response and the relationship between time and frequency domain. This thesis has verified the feasibility and validity of the Fourier transform in frequency domain analysis of dielectric response through measuring the time current signal instead of low-frequency measurement. Since the measurement of low-frequency dielectric properties requires a lot of time, and the time domain of measuring the polarization and depolarization current is shorter, so we can transform the measured time domain current signal to frequency domain to obtain low-frequency characteristics of the dielectric through the Fourier transform, in place of directly measuring by the frequency domain method, this can greatly reduce the measurement time and diagnose the insulation condition faster.
Finally, experimentally measuring the the polarization and depolarization current of the insulation paperboard under different voltage and polarization time has indicated that more polarization time may get more insulation interior information. Because water is a product of insulation aging, this thesis has discussed the influence of water on the polarization and depolarization current,the result shows the current amplitude becomes larger and the depolarization current curve decays slowly when the paperboard contains water. On this basis, this thesis transforms the depolarization current of dry and moisture absorption paperboard to calculate the low-frequency complex capacitance and dissipation factor, it can be found from the loss factor curve that the moisture makes the dissipation factor value larger and the curve becomes gentle along with the increasing frequency. The experimental results have verified the availability of the dielectric response in this thesis.
引文
[1]董明,张冠军,张瑞刚,严璋.基于回复电压的油浸式电力变压器介电响应建模初步研究[C].中国电机工程学会高压专委会2007年学术年会论文集,2007.
[2]速水敏幸.电力设备的绝缘诊断[M].刘晓萱译.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]粱颖辉,欧树华,Kachler A.J..诊断变压器绝缘状态及老化的PDC技术的研究[J].变压器,2007,44(6):35-39.
[4] Steve White . Life Management of Primary Distribution Transformers [J].IEEE Colloquium on Transformer Life Management,1998,5/1-11.
[5] Omar Hassanl,A. A. Shyegani,Hossein Borsi,etc.Detection of Oil-Press- board Insulation Aging with Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain Measurements[C].International Conference on Solid Dielectrics,Toulouse,France,2004:665-668.
[6]杨双锁,张冠军,董明,等.基于频域介电谱试验的750 kV变压器绝缘状况评估[J].变压电器,2010,46(4):16-20.
[7] B.Noirhomme,E.David,H.Garbi,etc.Application of Dielectric Response Techniques for the Condition Assessment of Power Transformers[C].Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,2005:273-276.
[8]祁炯,潘芬道.变压器油中糠醛含量测试与分析[J].安徽电力,2005,22(4):35-37.
[9]张若飞,张利燕,杜黎明.电力变压器绝缘系统的色谱诊断法[J].2010,43(2):70-73.
[10]杨启平,薛五德,蓝之达.变压器绝缘老化的诊断与寿命评估[J].变压器,2004,42(2):13-17.
[11]沈一平,郑德富.糠醛浓度分析在电力变压器固体绝缘老化诊断中的应用[J].高压电器,2008,44(1):84-86.
[12]成旭鹏,王森.油浸式变压器固体绝缘老化诊断方法有效性探讨[J].陕西电力,2007,35(9):18-21.
[13] Walter S. Zaengl.Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain forHV Power Equipment,part1:theoretical Considerations[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(5):5-19.
[14]刘刚.变压器油-纸绝缘状态诊断的回复电压法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008:23-25.
[15] S.M. Gubanski,P. Boss,G. Csepes,W. Zaengl,etc.Dielectric Response Methods for Diagnostics of Power Transformers[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(3):12-18.
[16] Alireza Setayeshmehr,Issouf Fofana,etc.Effect of Temperature,Water Content and Aging on the Dielectric Response of Oil-Impregnated Paper[C].IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids,2008:1-4.
[17] Omar Hassanl,A. A. Shyegani,Hossein Borsi,etc.Detection of Oil-Press- board Insulation Aging with Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain Measurements[C].International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, France,2004:665-668.
[18] Tapan Kumar Saha.Review of Time-Domain Polarization Measurements for Assessing Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1293-1301.
[19]廖瑞金,袁泉,唐超,等.不同老化因素对油纸绝缘介质频域谱特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(7):1612-1618.
[20] I. Fofana,H. Hemmatjou,F. Meghnefi,etc.On the Frequency Domain Dielectric Response of Oil-paper Insulation at Low Temperatures[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):368-372.
[21]戴恒震.变压器绝缘纸板微水分介电测量原理及其测量系统的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004:11-23.
[22]廖天明,肖金星.用于环氧树脂变压器绝缘诊断的回复电压法[J].上海电力,2009 (6):491-494.
[23]许维宗,刘勇,许文蕾,江霞.电力变压器油纸绝缘状态的诊断—回复电压法[J].华中电力,2007,20 (4):4-12.
[24]王云飞,吴广宁,周利军.基于介质响应法(RVM)电力变压器绝缘性能诊断研究[C].第十一届全国工程电介质学术会议论文集,2007:148-152.
[25]董明,张瑞刚,张冠军,严璋.回复电压法在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].电网与水力发电进展,2007,23(7):21-24.
[26]袁泉,郑升讯,刘刚,廖瑞金.回复电压法诊断油纸绝缘老化状况[C].重庆市电机工程学会2008年学术会议论文,重庆,2008:271-275.
[27]李明华,董明,严璋.一种新的绝缘测试方法—回复电压法[J].高电压技术,2002,28(8):43-45.
[28]李军浩,司文荣,姚秀,董明,李彦明.油纸绝缘变压器老化状态评估的极化去极化电流技术研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(12):2605-2611.
[29]宋伟,Kachler A.J..变压器老化评估的极化去极化电流分析法[J].变压器,2005,42(7):28-33.
[30]毕海涛,黄峻峰,李军浩,等.油纸绝缘系统老化的PDC技术研究[C].中国电机工程学会高压专委会2007年学术年会论文集,2007.
[31] T. K. Saha,P. Purkait.Investigation of Polarization and Depolarization Current Measurements for the Assessment of Oil-paper Insulation of Aged Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(1):144-154.
[32] Y Sheiretov,M Zahn.Dielectrometry Measurements of Moisture Dynamics in Oil-impregnated Pressboard[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(3):329-351.
[33] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Dielectric Response Studies on Iinsulating System of High Voltage Rotating Machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2006,13(1):383-392.
[34]陈季丹,刘子玉.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:85-155.
[35]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].第二版.北京:中国电力出版社,2007:173-186.
[36]李晓虎.植物绝缘油理化及电气性能的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006:50-51.
[37]李勇.山茶籽绝缘油的电气及抗氧化性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007:45-46.
[38]孙燕飞.菜籽绝缘油及其油纸绝缘介电谱和击穿特性的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007:25-26.
[39] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain on Insulation System of High Voltage Rotating Machines[C].IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielecirics,2004:60-63.
[40] I. Fofana, H. Hemmatjou,F. Meghnefi,etc. Low Temperature and Moisture Effects on Oil-Paper Insulation Dielectric Response in Frequency Domain[C].IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference,Montreal,Canada,2009:368-372.
[41] A. A. Shayegani,0 . Hassan I,H: Borsi,etc.PDC Measurement Evaluation On Oil-Pressboard Samples[C].International Conference on Solid Dielec- trics,Toulmse,Fronce,2004:51-54.
[42] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Dielectric Response Studies on Iinsulating System of High Voltage Rotating Machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.2006,13(1):383-392.
[43] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Calculation and Measurement of Dielectric Response Function in Insulation Systems[C].Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials,2003:290-293.
[44] A. A. Shayegani,E. Gockenbach,H. Borsi H,Mohseni.Investigation on the transformation of time domain spectroscopy data to frequency domain data for impregnated pressboard to reduce measurement time[J] . Electrical Engineering,2006:11-20.
[45] A. A. Shayegani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach,H. Mohseni.Transformation of Time Domain Spectroscopy Data to Frequency Domain Data for Impregnated Pressboard[C] . Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,2004:162-165.
[46] Maik Koch,Michael Kruger.A Fast and Reliable Dielectric Diagnostic Method to Determine Moisture in Power Transformers[C].International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis , Beijing , China ,2008:467-470.
[47]邹彦,唐冬,宁志刚.DSP原理及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2007:203-208.
[48]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理[M].第二版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004:68-105.
[49]刘长亮.基于TMS320F2812的数据采集和FFT的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2009:32-38.
[2]速水敏幸.电力设备的绝缘诊断[M].刘晓萱译.北京:科学出版社,2003.
[3]粱颖辉,欧树华,Kachler A.J..诊断变压器绝缘状态及老化的PDC技术的研究[J].变压器,2007,44(6):35-39.
[4] Steve White . Life Management of Primary Distribution Transformers [J].IEEE Colloquium on Transformer Life Management,1998,5/1-11.
[5] Omar Hassanl,A. A. Shyegani,Hossein Borsi,etc.Detection of Oil-Press- board Insulation Aging with Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain Measurements[C].International Conference on Solid Dielectrics,Toulouse,France,2004:665-668.
[6]杨双锁,张冠军,董明,等.基于频域介电谱试验的750 kV变压器绝缘状况评估[J].变压电器,2010,46(4):16-20.
[7] B.Noirhomme,E.David,H.Garbi,etc.Application of Dielectric Response Techniques for the Condition Assessment of Power Transformers[C].Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,2005:273-276.
[8]祁炯,潘芬道.变压器油中糠醛含量测试与分析[J].安徽电力,2005,22(4):35-37.
[9]张若飞,张利燕,杜黎明.电力变压器绝缘系统的色谱诊断法[J].2010,43(2):70-73.
[10]杨启平,薛五德,蓝之达.变压器绝缘老化的诊断与寿命评估[J].变压器,2004,42(2):13-17.
[11]沈一平,郑德富.糠醛浓度分析在电力变压器固体绝缘老化诊断中的应用[J].高压电器,2008,44(1):84-86.
[12]成旭鹏,王森.油浸式变压器固体绝缘老化诊断方法有效性探讨[J].陕西电力,2007,35(9):18-21.
[13] Walter S. Zaengl.Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain forHV Power Equipment,part1:theoretical Considerations[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(5):5-19.
[14]刘刚.变压器油-纸绝缘状态诊断的回复电压法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008:23-25.
[15] S.M. Gubanski,P. Boss,G. Csepes,W. Zaengl,etc.Dielectric Response Methods for Diagnostics of Power Transformers[J].IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2003,19(3):12-18.
[16] Alireza Setayeshmehr,Issouf Fofana,etc.Effect of Temperature,Water Content and Aging on the Dielectric Response of Oil-Impregnated Paper[C].IEEE International Conference on Dielectric Liquids,2008:1-4.
[17] Omar Hassanl,A. A. Shyegani,Hossein Borsi,etc.Detection of Oil-Press- board Insulation Aging with Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain Measurements[C].International Conference on Solid Dielectrics, France,2004:665-668.
[18] Tapan Kumar Saha.Review of Time-Domain Polarization Measurements for Assessing Insulation Condition in Aged Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2003,18(4):1293-1301.
[19]廖瑞金,袁泉,唐超,等.不同老化因素对油纸绝缘介质频域谱特性的影响[J].高电压技术,2010,36(7):1612-1618.
[20] I. Fofana,H. Hemmatjou,F. Meghnefi,etc.On the Frequency Domain Dielectric Response of Oil-paper Insulation at Low Temperatures[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(3):368-372.
[21]戴恒震.变压器绝缘纸板微水分介电测量原理及其测量系统的研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2004:11-23.
[22]廖天明,肖金星.用于环氧树脂变压器绝缘诊断的回复电压法[J].上海电力,2009 (6):491-494.
[23]许维宗,刘勇,许文蕾,江霞.电力变压器油纸绝缘状态的诊断—回复电压法[J].华中电力,2007,20 (4):4-12.
[24]王云飞,吴广宁,周利军.基于介质响应法(RVM)电力变压器绝缘性能诊断研究[C].第十一届全国工程电介质学术会议论文集,2007:148-152.
[25]董明,张瑞刚,张冠军,严璋.回复电压法在变压器故障诊断中的应用[J].电网与水力发电进展,2007,23(7):21-24.
[26]袁泉,郑升讯,刘刚,廖瑞金.回复电压法诊断油纸绝缘老化状况[C].重庆市电机工程学会2008年学术会议论文,重庆,2008:271-275.
[27]李明华,董明,严璋.一种新的绝缘测试方法—回复电压法[J].高电压技术,2002,28(8):43-45.
[28]李军浩,司文荣,姚秀,董明,李彦明.油纸绝缘变压器老化状态评估的极化去极化电流技术研究[J].仪器仪表学报,2009,30(12):2605-2611.
[29]宋伟,Kachler A.J..变压器老化评估的极化去极化电流分析法[J].变压器,2005,42(7):28-33.
[30]毕海涛,黄峻峰,李军浩,等.油纸绝缘系统老化的PDC技术研究[C].中国电机工程学会高压专委会2007年学术年会论文集,2007.
[31] T. K. Saha,P. Purkait.Investigation of Polarization and Depolarization Current Measurements for the Assessment of Oil-paper Insulation of Aged Transformers[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2004,11(1):144-154.
[32] Y Sheiretov,M Zahn.Dielectrometry Measurements of Moisture Dynamics in Oil-impregnated Pressboard[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,1995,2(3):329-351.
[33] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Dielectric Response Studies on Iinsulating System of High Voltage Rotating Machines[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2006,13(1):383-392.
[34]陈季丹,刘子玉.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1986:85-155.
[35]严璋,朱德恒.高电压绝缘技术[M].第二版.北京:中国电力出版社,2007:173-186.
[36]李晓虎.植物绝缘油理化及电气性能的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006:50-51.
[37]李勇.山茶籽绝缘油的电气及抗氧化性能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007:45-46.
[38]孙燕飞.菜籽绝缘油及其油纸绝缘介电谱和击穿特性的研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007:25-26.
[39] M. Farahani,H. Borsi,E. Gockenbach.Dielectric Spectroscopy in Time and Frequency Domain on Insulation System of High Voltage Rotating Machines[C].IEEE International Conference on Solid Dielecirics,2004:60-63.
[40] I. Fofana, H. Hemmatjou,F. Meghnefi,etc. Low Temperature and Moisture Effects on Oil-Paper Insulation Dielectric Response in Frequency Domain[C].IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference,Montreal,Canada,2009:368-372.
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