低温环境下变压器油纸复合绝缘特性实验研究
|
摘要
变压器是电力系统中最核心的电气设备,油纸绝缘是电力变压器的主要绝缘形式。变压器安全运行直接关系到电网的安全与稳定。一直以来,国内外学者关注的是高温下油纸绝缘特性,高温下的老化决定了变压器可靠性和运行寿命。但是近几年我国东北地区出现了低负荷变压器或备用变压器在异常低温条件下发生绝缘故障的现象。为此,进行低温环境下油纸绝缘特性的研究以保证严寒地区变压器的安全运行具有较大的经济效益和社会效益。
为了实验研究油纸绝缘的低温电气绝缘性能,首先研发了具有隔热性能的高压穿墙套管,并将其安装固定在低温冰箱的上盖上,从而构建可以模拟现实中变压器低温环境运行的实验平台。
本文重点研究了低温条件下不同油纸比例的油纸绝缘的交流介电性能与介电强度,以及微水含量对其影响规律等。实验结果发现:在降温过程中,油纸绝缘系统的损耗因数表现出先降后升的变化趋势,并且微水含量越高,损耗因数就越大;而相对介电常数降温过程表现为单调上升;交流击穿电压则变化规律表现出两次下降过程,这可能与降温过程中微水从油中析出和纸中挤出两个过程相关。根据实验结果可推断,极低温度下变压器绝缘故障与微水含量密切相关,欲保障油纸绝缘变压器极低温度下的安全运行绝缘中微水含量必须严格限制。
Power transformer is the most important equipment in power system,and the oil-paper insulation is used in big power transformers.The safety of the oil-paper insulating transformers is related to the security and stability of power grid directly.The high temperature properties of oil-paper insulation were forcused by a lot of scholars in world,due to the high temperature aging determined transformer reliability and operational life.Recently,the insulation failure occurred in low-load transformer or standby transformer under extremely low temperature in the northeast of China.So,studying the low-temperature properties of oil-paper insulation to ensure the safe operation of transformer in extremely cold area has great economic and social benefits.
In order to study the insulation property of oil-paper under low temperature, the thermal insulated bushings was developed with the helped by cable insulation technology at first.And then fix it on the cover of low temperature fridge.So as to construct an experimental platform, which can simulate reality low temperature condition.
This article focuses on the AC dielectic properties and dielectic strength with different rates of oil-papers in oil-paper insulation.The experiment shows that the loss factor of oil-paper insulation system decreases first,then rises and show the trend.And the higher moisture of oil-paper insulation is the larger the loss factor will be. However, the relative dielectic constant monotonously rises as the temperature decreases.The AC breakdown voltage declines two times.It maybe relates to the precipitation of water from oil and the extrusion from paper. According to the expriment results, it can be inferred that transformer insulation fault is closely related to moisture content in extremely low temperature.In order to make sure the safe operation of oil-paper insulation transformer in extremely low temperature,the moisture content in insulation must be strictly limited.
为了实验研究油纸绝缘的低温电气绝缘性能,首先研发了具有隔热性能的高压穿墙套管,并将其安装固定在低温冰箱的上盖上,从而构建可以模拟现实中变压器低温环境运行的实验平台。
本文重点研究了低温条件下不同油纸比例的油纸绝缘的交流介电性能与介电强度,以及微水含量对其影响规律等。实验结果发现:在降温过程中,油纸绝缘系统的损耗因数表现出先降后升的变化趋势,并且微水含量越高,损耗因数就越大;而相对介电常数降温过程表现为单调上升;交流击穿电压则变化规律表现出两次下降过程,这可能与降温过程中微水从油中析出和纸中挤出两个过程相关。根据实验结果可推断,极低温度下变压器绝缘故障与微水含量密切相关,欲保障油纸绝缘变压器极低温度下的安全运行绝缘中微水含量必须严格限制。
Power transformer is the most important equipment in power system,and the oil-paper insulation is used in big power transformers.The safety of the oil-paper insulating transformers is related to the security and stability of power grid directly.The high temperature properties of oil-paper insulation were forcused by a lot of scholars in world,due to the high temperature aging determined transformer reliability and operational life.Recently,the insulation failure occurred in low-load transformer or standby transformer under extremely low temperature in the northeast of China.So,studying the low-temperature properties of oil-paper insulation to ensure the safe operation of transformer in extremely cold area has great economic and social benefits.
In order to study the insulation property of oil-paper under low temperature, the thermal insulated bushings was developed with the helped by cable insulation technology at first.And then fix it on the cover of low temperature fridge.So as to construct an experimental platform, which can simulate reality low temperature condition.
This article focuses on the AC dielectic properties and dielectic strength with different rates of oil-papers in oil-paper insulation.The experiment shows that the loss factor of oil-paper insulation system decreases first,then rises and show the trend.And the higher moisture of oil-paper insulation is the larger the loss factor will be. However, the relative dielectic constant monotonously rises as the temperature decreases.The AC breakdown voltage declines two times.It maybe relates to the precipitation of water from oil and the extrusion from paper. According to the expriment results, it can be inferred that transformer insulation fault is closely related to moisture content in extremely low temperature.In order to make sure the safe operation of oil-paper insulation transformer in extremely low temperature,the moisture content in insulation must be strictly limited.
引文
[1] Oommen T V. Claiborne C C. Mullen J T. Biodegradable electrical insulation fluids[C]. Electrical Insulation Conference, Rosemont, IL, 1997:465-468.
[2] Oommen T V.Vegetable oils for liquid filled transformers[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2002,18(1):6-11.
[3] P.Boss, Oommen T V.New insulating fluids for transformers based on biodegradable high oleic vegetable oil and ester fluid[J]. IEE Colloquium on Insulating Liquids, 1999, 7:1-10.
[4] Claiborne, Walsh, Oommen T V.An agriculturally based biodegradable dielectric fluid[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference, New Orleans, LA, 1999, 2: 876-881.
[5] Oommen T V. Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions: U.S.A, 5949017[P]. 1999, 9
[6] Glenn S. Cannon. Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid: Number: U.S.A, 9950248[P]. 2001, 9 .
[7]日本开发出用植物油做绝缘油的变压器.中国电力, 2002, 35(9): 95.
[8]李晓虎.植物绝缘油理化及电气性能的研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2006:1-6.
[9]王伟.油浸式电力变压器故障诊断技术的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008:3.
[10] Oommen T V and Grune G L. Low-temperature viscosity behavior of transformer oils [C]. Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference, Rosemont, IL, 1995:107-112
[11] Trinh N G, Vincent C, Olivier R, etal. Low-temperature Behavior of Synthetic Oils[C]. 12th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids, Rom, Italy, 1996:342-345
[12] Fofana, Setayeshmeh A. Low Temperature and Moisture Effects on Oil-Paper Insulation Dielectric Response in Frequency Domain[C].IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Montreal, Q C, Canada, 2009:368.
[13] Cao Hongyan,Birlasekaran.Temperature Dependant Relaxation Studies on Oil-filled Transformer[C]. Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Electrical Insulation,Boston, USA, April 7-10,2002:174-178.
[14]李盛涛,张拓等.变压器油纸绝缘结构的击穿电压与频率和时间的关系[J].变压器,2009, 46 (4):39-43.
[15] Couderc D.Long term electrical and thermal behavior of transformer oil-paper insulation under simulated service conditions[J].IEEE 1965,12(1):311-314.
[16] Rzad,Devins,Schwabe.Transient behavior in transformer oils:prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena[J].IEEE Trans.Elec.Insul.1979,14(6):289-296.
[17]高文胜,王猛等.油纸绝缘中局部放电的典型波形及其频谱特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):1-5.
[18]杨培吉.温度对变压器绝缘预防性试验的影响[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,36(17):248-249.
[19]李义仓.油中微量水分两种分析方法的比较分析[J].华东电力,1994,11:21-23.
[20]王国利,郝艳捧,刘味果等.电力变压器超高频局部放电测量系统[J].高电压技术, 2005, 27 (4):23-25.
[21]汤放奇.变压器局部放电在线检测中的抗干扰技术[J].高电压技术,2005, 31 (3):51-52.
[22]林方彬,叶力行等.变压器局部放电超声波测试[J].福建电力与电工,2007, 27 (3):25-27.
[23]高红武,李剑等.油纸屏障对变压器局部放电超高频检测信号的影响[J].高压电器,2009, 45 (4):118-121.
[24]赵晓辉,杨景刚等.油中局部放电检测脉冲电流法与超高频法比较[J].高电压技术,2008, 34 (7):1401-1404.
[25] PACS-L:压缩机车载冰箱的制冷原理[OL].广东:深圳千里冰制冰有限公司.http://qlbcooler.b2b.hc360.com/shop/infodetail.html?ciid=943364&psort=0.
[26]纪玉超,张双喜,胡开永.圆管法导热系数测量的试验研究[J].青岛理工大学学报, 2009, 3 (30): 100.
[27]陈季丹,刘子玉.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982:193.
[28]杨文斌.基于虚拟仪器的变压器套管介质损耗因数在线检测的研究[J].绝缘材料,2007, 6 (40):64-66.
[29]申积良,黄福勇等.高压变压器油/气套管现场介质损耗试验方法讨论[J].高压电器,2009, 45 (4):71-73.
[30]王玉伟.基于labview的测试软件设计[D].中北大学硕士学位论文,2009:50.
[31]韩宝忠,郭文敏,李忠华.碳化硅/硅橡胶复合材料的非线性电导特性[J].功能材料, 2008, 39 (9):1490-1493.
[32]兰鹏,李忠华,周永勤.交流电压对橡塑绝缘电缆现场绝缘测试分析[J].科学与技术应用,2002, 29 (10):1-3.
[33]李闯.损耗电流谐波分量测试系统的研制[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2010:28.
[34]邱昌容,曹晓珑.电气绝缘测试技术[M].第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:110.
[35]张玉春.谈变压器的局部放电[J].变压器, 2008,45(6):19-20.
[36]杨眉,李剑,杨丽君.变压器典型油纸绝缘局部放电特性[J].青岛理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 30(2): 46-47.
[37]徐晴,包玉树.变压器局部放电试验若干问题的探讨[J].高电压技术: 2007, 33 (4):189-191.
[38]吴鹏,陈志勇等.电力变压器典型放电模型试验研究[J].高压电器, 2004, 40 (3): 161-163.
[39]宁瑞德.电力变压器局部放电及其现场试验[J].山西电力, 2009, 155 (4):64-66.
[40]陈季丹,刘子玉.电气绝缘结构设计原理下册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981:160.
[2] Oommen T V.Vegetable oils for liquid filled transformers[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine,2002,18(1):6-11.
[3] P.Boss, Oommen T V.New insulating fluids for transformers based on biodegradable high oleic vegetable oil and ester fluid[J]. IEE Colloquium on Insulating Liquids, 1999, 7:1-10.
[4] Claiborne, Walsh, Oommen T V.An agriculturally based biodegradable dielectric fluid[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference, New Orleans, LA, 1999, 2: 876-881.
[5] Oommen T V. Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions: U.S.A, 5949017[P]. 1999, 9
[6] Glenn S. Cannon. Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid: Number: U.S.A, 9950248[P]. 2001, 9 .
[7]日本开发出用植物油做绝缘油的变压器.中国电力, 2002, 35(9): 95.
[8]李晓虎.植物绝缘油理化及电气性能的研究[D].重庆大学博士学位论文,2006:1-6.
[9]王伟.油浸式电力变压器故障诊断技术的研究[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2008:3.
[10] Oommen T V and Grune G L. Low-temperature viscosity behavior of transformer oils [C]. Electrical Electronics Insulation Conference, Rosemont, IL, 1995:107-112
[11] Trinh N G, Vincent C, Olivier R, etal. Low-temperature Behavior of Synthetic Oils[C]. 12th International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids, Rom, Italy, 1996:342-345
[12] Fofana, Setayeshmeh A. Low Temperature and Moisture Effects on Oil-Paper Insulation Dielectric Response in Frequency Domain[C].IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference, Montreal, Q C, Canada, 2009:368.
[13] Cao Hongyan,Birlasekaran.Temperature Dependant Relaxation Studies on Oil-filled Transformer[C]. Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE InternationalSymposium on Electrical Insulation,Boston, USA, April 7-10,2002:174-178.
[14]李盛涛,张拓等.变压器油纸绝缘结构的击穿电压与频率和时间的关系[J].变压器,2009, 46 (4):39-43.
[15] Couderc D.Long term electrical and thermal behavior of transformer oil-paper insulation under simulated service conditions[J].IEEE 1965,12(1):311-314.
[16] Rzad,Devins,Schwabe.Transient behavior in transformer oils:prebreakdown and breakdown phenomena[J].IEEE Trans.Elec.Insul.1979,14(6):289-296.
[17]高文胜,王猛等.油纸绝缘中局部放电的典型波形及其频谱特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(2):1-5.
[18]杨培吉.温度对变压器绝缘预防性试验的影响[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007,36(17):248-249.
[19]李义仓.油中微量水分两种分析方法的比较分析[J].华东电力,1994,11:21-23.
[20]王国利,郝艳捧,刘味果等.电力变压器超高频局部放电测量系统[J].高电压技术, 2005, 27 (4):23-25.
[21]汤放奇.变压器局部放电在线检测中的抗干扰技术[J].高电压技术,2005, 31 (3):51-52.
[22]林方彬,叶力行等.变压器局部放电超声波测试[J].福建电力与电工,2007, 27 (3):25-27.
[23]高红武,李剑等.油纸屏障对变压器局部放电超高频检测信号的影响[J].高压电器,2009, 45 (4):118-121.
[24]赵晓辉,杨景刚等.油中局部放电检测脉冲电流法与超高频法比较[J].高电压技术,2008, 34 (7):1401-1404.
[25] PACS-L:压缩机车载冰箱的制冷原理[OL].广东:深圳千里冰制冰有限公司.http://qlbcooler.b2b.hc360.com/shop/infodetail.html?ciid=943364&psort=0.
[26]纪玉超,张双喜,胡开永.圆管法导热系数测量的试验研究[J].青岛理工大学学报, 2009, 3 (30): 100.
[27]陈季丹,刘子玉.电介质物理学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1982:193.
[28]杨文斌.基于虚拟仪器的变压器套管介质损耗因数在线检测的研究[J].绝缘材料,2007, 6 (40):64-66.
[29]申积良,黄福勇等.高压变压器油/气套管现场介质损耗试验方法讨论[J].高压电器,2009, 45 (4):71-73.
[30]王玉伟.基于labview的测试软件设计[D].中北大学硕士学位论文,2009:50.
[31]韩宝忠,郭文敏,李忠华.碳化硅/硅橡胶复合材料的非线性电导特性[J].功能材料, 2008, 39 (9):1490-1493.
[32]兰鹏,李忠华,周永勤.交流电压对橡塑绝缘电缆现场绝缘测试分析[J].科学与技术应用,2002, 29 (10):1-3.
[33]李闯.损耗电流谐波分量测试系统的研制[D].哈尔滨理工大学硕士学位论文,2010:28.
[34]邱昌容,曹晓珑.电气绝缘测试技术[M].第三版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:110.
[35]张玉春.谈变压器的局部放电[J].变压器, 2008,45(6):19-20.
[36]杨眉,李剑,杨丽君.变压器典型油纸绝缘局部放电特性[J].青岛理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 30(2): 46-47.
[37]徐晴,包玉树.变压器局部放电试验若干问题的探讨[J].高电压技术: 2007, 33 (4):189-191.
[38]吴鹏,陈志勇等.电力变压器典型放电模型试验研究[J].高压电器, 2004, 40 (3): 161-163.
[39]宁瑞德.电力变压器局部放电及其现场试验[J].山西电力, 2009, 155 (4):64-66.
[40]陈季丹,刘子玉.电气绝缘结构设计原理下册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1981:160.