海南岛中部丘陵地区4种植物群落凋落物动态及土壤碳氮含量的变化
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摘要
为了探究海南岛中部丘陵地区植被恢复过程中凋落物动态及土壤碳、氮含量的变化,采用时空互代法,在琼中湾岭地区同时具有经自然恢复的草丛、灌丛、次生林和人工恢复的马占相思林4种植物群落的两个山坡进行凋落物量和凋落物分解实验。在各个样地的每一样块随机布置三个凋落物收集器测定凋落物量。采用凋落物袋法进行凋落物分解实验。2005年8月在实验地收集4种植物群落的新鲜凋落物,风干后装入凋落物袋(非降解尼龙材料,孔径1mm×1mm),10g/袋。2005年9月将4种植物群落的凋落物同时放置在这两个山坡的8个样地的16个样块中分解,并在分解的第23、46、92、184、368天分五次回收凋落物袋,并测定其分解残留率。同时,在放置凋落物袋时在各个样块取土壤样,在分解实验开始的第368天对凋落物袋正下方和对照网的土壤进行取样,测定土壤碳、氮含量。主要的实验结果如下:
1、海南岛中部丘陵地区4种植物群落年凋落物量分别是:草丛1.83t/ha、灌丛3.56t/ha、次生林2.97t/ha、马占相思林2.00t/ha,次生植物群落年凋落物量随进展演替进程呈现先增加后降低趋势,但灌丛与次生林年凋落物量之间统计上无显著性差异。人工马占相思林年凋落物量小于次生林。
2、灌丛、次生林和马占相思林3种植物群落凋落物中叶的比例均高于枝和杂物,且不随季节变化而变化。
3、随着进展演替进程凋落物物种数逐渐增加,草丛<灌丛<次生林。马占相思林凋落物物种数小于次生林。
4、随着植物群落进展演替进程,凋落物分解速率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,灌丛>草丛>次生林。次生植被环境下凋落物分解速率大于人工植被环境。
5、凋落物基质质量对分解速率的影响程度随分解环境的改变而改变。
6、混合凋落物较单一凋落物增加了资源异质性,改变了分解者群落丰富度,影响分解速率。
7、随着进展演替进程,土壤全碳、全氮含量呈现上升趋势,草丛<灌丛<次生林,土壤肥力得到提高。经自然恢复的次生林土壤碳、氮含量大于人工恢复的马占相思林。
To study dynamics of litter and changes of the content of carbon and nitrogen of soil in in hilly land area in central Hainan Island, we study litterfall by litter collector and litter decomposition with litterbag by the method of space-for-time substitution in two slope with grass land,shrub land, secondary forest and Acacia mangium plantation. We collected leaf litter in Autumn 2005,from eight sites. Samples of fresh senesced leaves were dried to constant mass, and placed in 15cm×20cm nylon bag, 10g per a litterbag. One hundred and sixty litterbags of each litter type were placed in eight sites in a plat without primay litter remains, and litterbag were be retrieved at 23, 46, 92, 184 and 368 days. After removing roots and soil particles, litter was oven dried (70℃), weighed. At the same time, we sampled soil in every plat when we placed litterbags, and when it went on to the 368th days we sampled soil below the litterbag and that from the control, and analysed the content of carbon and nitrogen of soil.
To compare with litter decomposition rates in the same sites is to disccuss litter qualities effect litter decomposition rates; to compare with litter decomposition rates in the different sites is to disscuss environment effect litter decomposition.
The main results are following:
1. The annual litterfall of grassland is 1.83t/ha, that of shrubland is 3.56t/ha, that of secondary forest is 2.97t/ha, and that of A. mangium plantation is 2.00t/ha.The annual litterfall has not the trend of raise with the progress succession, but there is no significant difference between shrub and secondary forest. The annual litterfall of secondary forest is more than that of A. mangium plantation.
2. The proportion of leaf in litter is higher than other components, and doesn’t change in dry and rain season.
3. The number of species consisting of litter rises with the progress succession, glass land 4. With the progress succession, litter decomposition rates has not the trend of raise with the progress succession.The litter decomposition rates in naturally restorated community are more than that in plantation.
5. Liiter qualities affect litter decomposition which changes with the changes of decomposition environments.
6. Comparing with single litter, mixed litter increases resource heterogeneity and changes the abundance of decomposer communities, and then affects litter decomposition rate.
7. With the vegetation restoration, the content of carbon and nitrogen in soil present the trend of raise, secondary forest>shrub land>grassland, and soil fertilities are improved.The carbon and nitrogen in soil of secondary forest with natural restoration are more than that of A. mangium plantation with manual restoration.
1、海南岛中部丘陵地区4种植物群落年凋落物量分别是:草丛1.83t/ha、灌丛3.56t/ha、次生林2.97t/ha、马占相思林2.00t/ha,次生植物群落年凋落物量随进展演替进程呈现先增加后降低趋势,但灌丛与次生林年凋落物量之间统计上无显著性差异。人工马占相思林年凋落物量小于次生林。
2、灌丛、次生林和马占相思林3种植物群落凋落物中叶的比例均高于枝和杂物,且不随季节变化而变化。
3、随着进展演替进程凋落物物种数逐渐增加,草丛<灌丛<次生林。马占相思林凋落物物种数小于次生林。
4、随着植物群落进展演替进程,凋落物分解速率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,灌丛>草丛>次生林。次生植被环境下凋落物分解速率大于人工植被环境。
5、凋落物基质质量对分解速率的影响程度随分解环境的改变而改变。
6、混合凋落物较单一凋落物增加了资源异质性,改变了分解者群落丰富度,影响分解速率。
7、随着进展演替进程,土壤全碳、全氮含量呈现上升趋势,草丛<灌丛<次生林,土壤肥力得到提高。经自然恢复的次生林土壤碳、氮含量大于人工恢复的马占相思林。
To study dynamics of litter and changes of the content of carbon and nitrogen of soil in in hilly land area in central Hainan Island, we study litterfall by litter collector and litter decomposition with litterbag by the method of space-for-time substitution in two slope with grass land,shrub land, secondary forest and Acacia mangium plantation. We collected leaf litter in Autumn 2005,from eight sites. Samples of fresh senesced leaves were dried to constant mass, and placed in 15cm×20cm nylon bag, 10g per a litterbag. One hundred and sixty litterbags of each litter type were placed in eight sites in a plat without primay litter remains, and litterbag were be retrieved at 23, 46, 92, 184 and 368 days. After removing roots and soil particles, litter was oven dried (70℃), weighed. At the same time, we sampled soil in every plat when we placed litterbags, and when it went on to the 368th days we sampled soil below the litterbag and that from the control, and analysed the content of carbon and nitrogen of soil.
To compare with litter decomposition rates in the same sites is to disccuss litter qualities effect litter decomposition rates; to compare with litter decomposition rates in the different sites is to disscuss environment effect litter decomposition.
The main results are following:
1. The annual litterfall of grassland is 1.83t/ha, that of shrubland is 3.56t/ha, that of secondary forest is 2.97t/ha, and that of A. mangium plantation is 2.00t/ha.The annual litterfall has not the trend of raise with the progress succession, but there is no significant difference between shrub and secondary forest. The annual litterfall of secondary forest is more than that of A. mangium plantation.
2. The proportion of leaf in litter is higher than other components, and doesn’t change in dry and rain season.
3. The number of species consisting of litter rises with the progress succession, glass land
5. Liiter qualities affect litter decomposition which changes with the changes of decomposition environments.
6. Comparing with single litter, mixed litter increases resource heterogeneity and changes the abundance of decomposer communities, and then affects litter decomposition rate.
7. With the vegetation restoration, the content of carbon and nitrogen in soil present the trend of raise, secondary forest>shrub land>grassland, and soil fertilities are improved.The carbon and nitrogen in soil of secondary forest with natural restoration are more than that of A. mangium plantation with manual restoration.
引文
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