基于蚁群算法的电力线载波通信组网研究
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摘要
低压电力线载波通信有广阔的应用前景,低压配电网噪声、衰减特性使通信距离变短和可靠性变差,本文提出把蚁群算法应用到电力线载波通信路由优化问题上,通过构建动态路由通信网络来提高系统抗干扰能力,克服制约电力线通信应用的可靠性问题。
本文介绍了电力线通信发展现状,对现阶段电力线通信组网方式及其缺点进行了阐述。分析了蚁群算法的原理和特点,并在此基础上提出了一种基于蚁群算法的电力线通信动态路由组网模式,该方法是电力线通信组网方面的新尝试。
提出了电力线通信拓扑模型,在此模型的基础上用Matlab进行仿真,分析了蚁群算法在电力线通信路由优化问题上的可行性,对比分析了算法快速性和鲁棒性。本部分仿真为算法选择及参数设计提供理论依据。
以路灯监控网络为应用实例,仿真分析在实际应用约束条件下动态路由算法的效果。针对低压配电网盲态网络结构,仿真分析组网算法探索路径及线路优化的能力,为该网路通信提供组网方法。
针对传统ACS算法在电力线通信组网时负载不均衡问题,提出能见度变参数控制改进蚁群算法和信息素初值变参数控制改进蚁群算法,通过仿真分析改进后算法的在负载均衡性能上的改善效果,对比分析了算法路由优化能力和组网花费情况。
详细阐述了蚁群动态路由网络的实现过程,包括窄带电力线载波通信模块设计,算法任务划分及软件程序设计,探讨了网络重构方式和网络维护策略,在窄带电力线通信网络中实现了蚁群动态路由组网算法,在此基础上提出了电力线透传网络的层次划分及实现方法。
针对蚁群动态路由算法组网实验结果,对算法的时空特性进行了分析,阐述了算法性能。
Low voltage power line communication has broad application perspective. The characteristic of Low voltage PLC in the heavy and attenuation makes distance of communication short and security bad. The paper presents using Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) to solve the problem of PLC route. This dynamic route network can advance capability of resisting disturbance. It can overcome bad reliability that restricts application of PLC.
The present state of PLC is introduced in this paper. The current mode of building network and its disadvantage are expatiated. The theory of ACA, its domains of application, present research state and direction of research are analyzed. The dynamic route technology based on Ant ACA is presented in the paper. It is a new model of network construction in PLC.
The topology model of PLC is designed. The feasibility of dynamic route PLC network based on ACA is simulated using Matlab. The algorithmic characteristic of robust and speediness are compared. The simulation provides academic foundation for the application of arithmetic.
The street lamp monitor network is simulated as a typical application ensample. The characteristic of arithmetic is analyzed in this network with constraint Point to low voltage power indiscernible network. The arithmetic capabilities of searching and optimizing routes are analyzed through simulation in this network. The paper offers a method to solve the puzzle.
Point to the phenomenon of load unbalance about ACS, The paper Bring forward alterable visibility arithmetic and alterable initial pheromone arithmetic. The simulation proves Amended arithmetic can make load more balanceable. The quality of route and the cost are compared using different arithmetic.
The realizing process of dynamic route arithmetic is expatiated The PLC module is designed and task of arithmetic is distributed. The programme of ACA is designed in this paper. The rebuilding mode and renovating strategy are discussed. Based on this hardware, ACS dynamic route arithmetic is realized in narrowband PLC network. The layer design of transparent transmission network is brought forward.
Point to the result of experiment using ACA to construct network, the tspatio-temporal characteristics of arithmetic are analyzed. The quality of arithmetic is expatiated.
本文介绍了电力线通信发展现状,对现阶段电力线通信组网方式及其缺点进行了阐述。分析了蚁群算法的原理和特点,并在此基础上提出了一种基于蚁群算法的电力线通信动态路由组网模式,该方法是电力线通信组网方面的新尝试。
提出了电力线通信拓扑模型,在此模型的基础上用Matlab进行仿真,分析了蚁群算法在电力线通信路由优化问题上的可行性,对比分析了算法快速性和鲁棒性。本部分仿真为算法选择及参数设计提供理论依据。
以路灯监控网络为应用实例,仿真分析在实际应用约束条件下动态路由算法的效果。针对低压配电网盲态网络结构,仿真分析组网算法探索路径及线路优化的能力,为该网路通信提供组网方法。
针对传统ACS算法在电力线通信组网时负载不均衡问题,提出能见度变参数控制改进蚁群算法和信息素初值变参数控制改进蚁群算法,通过仿真分析改进后算法的在负载均衡性能上的改善效果,对比分析了算法路由优化能力和组网花费情况。
详细阐述了蚁群动态路由网络的实现过程,包括窄带电力线载波通信模块设计,算法任务划分及软件程序设计,探讨了网络重构方式和网络维护策略,在窄带电力线通信网络中实现了蚁群动态路由组网算法,在此基础上提出了电力线透传网络的层次划分及实现方法。
针对蚁群动态路由算法组网实验结果,对算法的时空特性进行了分析,阐述了算法性能。
Low voltage power line communication has broad application perspective. The characteristic of Low voltage PLC in the heavy and attenuation makes distance of communication short and security bad. The paper presents using Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) to solve the problem of PLC route. This dynamic route network can advance capability of resisting disturbance. It can overcome bad reliability that restricts application of PLC.
The present state of PLC is introduced in this paper. The current mode of building network and its disadvantage are expatiated. The theory of ACA, its domains of application, present research state and direction of research are analyzed. The dynamic route technology based on Ant ACA is presented in the paper. It is a new model of network construction in PLC.
The topology model of PLC is designed. The feasibility of dynamic route PLC network based on ACA is simulated using Matlab. The algorithmic characteristic of robust and speediness are compared. The simulation provides academic foundation for the application of arithmetic.
The street lamp monitor network is simulated as a typical application ensample. The characteristic of arithmetic is analyzed in this network with constraint Point to low voltage power indiscernible network. The arithmetic capabilities of searching and optimizing routes are analyzed through simulation in this network. The paper offers a method to solve the puzzle.
Point to the phenomenon of load unbalance about ACS, The paper Bring forward alterable visibility arithmetic and alterable initial pheromone arithmetic. The simulation proves Amended arithmetic can make load more balanceable. The quality of route and the cost are compared using different arithmetic.
The realizing process of dynamic route arithmetic is expatiated The PLC module is designed and task of arithmetic is distributed. The programme of ACA is designed in this paper. The rebuilding mode and renovating strategy are discussed. Based on this hardware, ACS dynamic route arithmetic is realized in narrowband PLC network. The layer design of transparent transmission network is brought forward.
Point to the result of experiment using ACA to construct network, the tspatio-temporal characteristics of arithmetic are analyzed. The quality of arithmetic is expatiated.
引文
1孙海平,张金波.低压电力线载波通信技术研究与应用.电测与仪表. 2006, (8):55~58
2 Rice B F. A Multiple-sequence Spread Spectrum System for Power Line Communication. In: 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum and Applications Proceedings. 1996, (2):809~815
3刘晓胜,戚佳金,牟英峰,徐殿国.网络化实时路灯精确监控系统的总体设计.电气传动. 2004, (6): 3~6
4樊建学,盛新富.低压电力线载波集中抄表系统的研究.继电器. 2005, 1(33):49~52
5陈启军,陈辉堂,王月娟,杨永玲.住宅小区智能控制与管理系统.同济大学学报. 2001, 29(2):246~249
6邢志民,侯思祖,李晶,康恩婷.中压电力线信道特性的测量与研究.华北电力术. 2005, (10):1~4
7 Liu D , Flint E , Gaucher B. Wide band AC power line characterization [ J ] . IEEE Transac-tions on ConsumerElectronics. 1999 , 45(4):1087~1097
8 Hensen C., Schulz W. Time Dependency of The Channel Characteristics of Low Voltage Power-lines And Its Effects on Hardware Implementation. International Journals of Electronics and Communications. 2000, 54(1):23~32
9 Hooijen O G. A Channel Model for the Residential Power Circuit Used as a Digital Communications Medium. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1998, 40(4):333~336
10 Canete, Francisco Javier Diez, Luis, Cortes, Jose Antonio. Broadband Modelling of Indoor Power Line Channels. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2002, 48(1):175~183
11何海波,程时杰,张有兵.低压电力线载波通信中信号反射现象的复小波研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(6):11~15
12 Tanaka M. High Frequency Noise Power Spectrum Impedance and Transmission Loss of Power Line in Japan on Intrabuilding Power Line Communications. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics. 1988, 34(2):321~326
13姜霞, Nguimbis J,程时杰.低压配电网载波通信噪声特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2000, 20(11):30~35
14 Meng H., Chen S., Guan Y.L., Law C.L., So P.L. Modeling of Transfer Characteristics for the Broadband Power Line Communication Channel. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(3):1057~1064
15 Chan Morgan H.L., Donaldson Robert. Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1986, 28(4):220~230
16 Hensen, Christian, Schulz. Time Dependence of the Channel Characteristics of Low Voltage Power Lines and Its Effects on Hardware Implementation. AEU-Archiv fur Elektronik und Ubertragungstechnik. 2000, 54(1):23~32
17刘海涛,张保会,谭伦农.低压电网的窄带衰落特性研究.西安交通大学学报. 2003, 37(4):411~414
18郭静波, John M.Cioffi.配电网多用户通信中的动态频谱管理[J].中国电机工程学报. 2004, 24(11):7~11
19邹志威,陈启美,左雯.跻身未来的电力线通信(一)回顾与展望[J].电力系统自动化. 2003, 27(3):72~76
20俞天白,杨将新,赵玉玺.楼宇控制系统中的电力线载波通信路由算法.电网技术. 2006, 30(9):88~91
21刘晓胜,戚佳金,牟英峰.网络化实时路灯精确监控系统的总体设计.电气传动. 2004 (6):3~6
22王海鹏,曾嵘,何金良.利用GSM网络实现配电网络远程数据采集的可行性分析.高压电器. 2002, 38(5):12~15
23 M Dorigo, M Gambardella. Ant Colony System: A Cooper-active Leaning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem.IEEE Trans. On Evolutionary Computation. 1977, (1):55~63
24 T Stutzle,H Hoos.Improvement on the Ant Systerm: Introducing MAX-MIN ant Systerm.In Proeedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Spring Verlag, Wien. 1997, (86):251~270
25 Walter J.Gutjahr. ACO algorithms with guaranteed convergence to the optimal solution. W.J. Gutjahr / Information Processing Letters. 2002, (82):145~153
26 Marc Reimann, Karl Doerner, Richard F.Hartl.D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. M. Reimann et al. / Computers & Operations Research. 2004 (31):563~591
27胡小兵,黄席樾.蚁群优化算法及其应用.计算机仿真. 2004, 21(5):81~85
28 P.S. Shelokar, V.K. Jayaraman, B.D. Kulkarni. An ant colony approach for clustering. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2004, (509):187~195
29 Caro G Di Dorigo M. AntNet:Distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks [J].Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JA工R). 1998, (9):317~365
30 Lianyuan Li,Zemin Liu,Zheng Zhou. A new dynamic distributed routing algorithm on telecommunication networks. International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings. Beijing China. 2000, (1):849-852
31 Gunes M, Sorges U,Bouazizi I. ARA the ant colony based routing algorithm for MANETs Aj.Proceedings International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops. Uuncouver, B C, Canada. 2002:79~85
32 DiCaro, G Dorigo M. Mobile agents for adaptive routing. Proceedings of the Thirty First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . Kohala Coast, HI USA, 6-9 Jan 1998, (7):74~83
33汪镭,吴启迪.蚁群算法在连续空间寻优问题求解中的应用.控制与决策. 2003 18(1):45~48
34杨勇,宋晓峰,王建飞,胡上序.蚁群算法求解连续空间优化问题.控制与决策. 2003, 18(5):573~576
35段海滨,马冠军,王道波,于秀芬.一种求解连续空间优化问题的改进蚁群算法.系统仿真学报. 2003, 19(5):973~977
36段海滨,王道波,于秀芬.蚁群算法硬件实现的研究进展.控制与决策. 2007, 22(3):241~244
37郝晋,石立宝,周家启.求解复杂TSP问题的随机扰动蚁群算法.系统工程理论与实践. 2002, (9):88~92
38 Amr Badr, Ahmed Fahmy. A proof of convergence for Ant algorithms. Information Sciences. 2004, (160):267~279
39孙焘,王秀坤,刘业欣,张名举.一种简单蚂蚁算法及其收敛性分析.小型微型计算机系统. 2003, 24(8):1524~1527
40冯远静,冯祖仁,彭勤科.一类自适应蚁群算法及其收敛性分析.控制理论与应用. 2005, 22(5):713~717
41段海滨,王道波.蚁群算法的全局收敛性研究及改进.系统工程与电子技. 2004, 26(10):1056~1059
42 S. D. Shtovba. Ant Algorithms: Theory and Applications. Programming and Computer Software. 2005, 31(4):167~178
43段海滨,王道波,朱家强.蚁群算法理论及应用研究的进展.控制与决策. 2004, (19):1321~1326
44张航,罗熊.蚁群算法的研究现状及发展展望.信息与控制. 2004, 33(3):318~324
45 Marc Reimann, Karl Doerner, Richard F. Hartl. D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research. 2004, (31):563~591
2 Rice B F. A Multiple-sequence Spread Spectrum System for Power Line Communication. In: 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Spread Spectrum and Applications Proceedings. 1996, (2):809~815
3刘晓胜,戚佳金,牟英峰,徐殿国.网络化实时路灯精确监控系统的总体设计.电气传动. 2004, (6): 3~6
4樊建学,盛新富.低压电力线载波集中抄表系统的研究.继电器. 2005, 1(33):49~52
5陈启军,陈辉堂,王月娟,杨永玲.住宅小区智能控制与管理系统.同济大学学报. 2001, 29(2):246~249
6邢志民,侯思祖,李晶,康恩婷.中压电力线信道特性的测量与研究.华北电力术. 2005, (10):1~4
7 Liu D , Flint E , Gaucher B. Wide band AC power line characterization [ J ] . IEEE Transac-tions on ConsumerElectronics. 1999 , 45(4):1087~1097
8 Hensen C., Schulz W. Time Dependency of The Channel Characteristics of Low Voltage Power-lines And Its Effects on Hardware Implementation. International Journals of Electronics and Communications. 2000, 54(1):23~32
9 Hooijen O G. A Channel Model for the Residential Power Circuit Used as a Digital Communications Medium. IEEE Trans on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1998, 40(4):333~336
10 Canete, Francisco Javier Diez, Luis, Cortes, Jose Antonio. Broadband Modelling of Indoor Power Line Channels. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 2002, 48(1):175~183
11何海波,程时杰,张有兵.低压电力线载波通信中信号反射现象的复小波研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2002, 22(6):11~15
12 Tanaka M. High Frequency Noise Power Spectrum Impedance and Transmission Loss of Power Line in Japan on Intrabuilding Power Line Communications. IEEE Trans on Consumer Electronics. 1988, 34(2):321~326
13姜霞, Nguimbis J,程时杰.低压配电网载波通信噪声特性研究[J].中国电机工程学报. 2000, 20(11):30~35
14 Meng H., Chen S., Guan Y.L., Law C.L., So P.L. Modeling of Transfer Characteristics for the Broadband Power Line Communication Channel. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery. 2004, 19(3):1057~1064
15 Chan Morgan H.L., Donaldson Robert. Attenuation of Communication Signals on Residential and Commercial Intrabuilding Power Distribution Circuits. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1986, 28(4):220~230
16 Hensen, Christian, Schulz. Time Dependence of the Channel Characteristics of Low Voltage Power Lines and Its Effects on Hardware Implementation. AEU-Archiv fur Elektronik und Ubertragungstechnik. 2000, 54(1):23~32
17刘海涛,张保会,谭伦农.低压电网的窄带衰落特性研究.西安交通大学学报. 2003, 37(4):411~414
18郭静波, John M.Cioffi.配电网多用户通信中的动态频谱管理[J].中国电机工程学报. 2004, 24(11):7~11
19邹志威,陈启美,左雯.跻身未来的电力线通信(一)回顾与展望[J].电力系统自动化. 2003, 27(3):72~76
20俞天白,杨将新,赵玉玺.楼宇控制系统中的电力线载波通信路由算法.电网技术. 2006, 30(9):88~91
21刘晓胜,戚佳金,牟英峰.网络化实时路灯精确监控系统的总体设计.电气传动. 2004 (6):3~6
22王海鹏,曾嵘,何金良.利用GSM网络实现配电网络远程数据采集的可行性分析.高压电器. 2002, 38(5):12~15
23 M Dorigo, M Gambardella. Ant Colony System: A Cooper-active Leaning Approach to the Traveling Salesman Problem.IEEE Trans. On Evolutionary Computation. 1977, (1):55~63
24 T Stutzle,H Hoos.Improvement on the Ant Systerm: Introducing MAX-MIN ant Systerm.In Proeedings of the International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, Spring Verlag, Wien. 1997, (86):251~270
25 Walter J.Gutjahr. ACO algorithms with guaranteed convergence to the optimal solution. W.J. Gutjahr / Information Processing Letters. 2002, (82):145~153
26 Marc Reimann, Karl Doerner, Richard F.Hartl.D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. M. Reimann et al. / Computers & Operations Research. 2004 (31):563~591
27胡小兵,黄席樾.蚁群优化算法及其应用.计算机仿真. 2004, 21(5):81~85
28 P.S. Shelokar, V.K. Jayaraman, B.D. Kulkarni. An ant colony approach for clustering. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2004, (509):187~195
29 Caro G Di Dorigo M. AntNet:Distributed stigmergetic control for communications networks [J].Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JA工R). 1998, (9):317~365
30 Lianyuan Li,Zemin Liu,Zheng Zhou. A new dynamic distributed routing algorithm on telecommunication networks. International Conference on Communication Technology Proceedings. Beijing China. 2000, (1):849-852
31 Gunes M, Sorges U,Bouazizi I. ARA the ant colony based routing algorithm for MANETs Aj.Proceedings International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops. Uuncouver, B C, Canada. 2002:79~85
32 DiCaro, G Dorigo M. Mobile agents for adaptive routing. Proceedings of the Thirty First Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences . Kohala Coast, HI USA, 6-9 Jan 1998, (7):74~83
33汪镭,吴启迪.蚁群算法在连续空间寻优问题求解中的应用.控制与决策. 2003 18(1):45~48
34杨勇,宋晓峰,王建飞,胡上序.蚁群算法求解连续空间优化问题.控制与决策. 2003, 18(5):573~576
35段海滨,马冠军,王道波,于秀芬.一种求解连续空间优化问题的改进蚁群算法.系统仿真学报. 2003, 19(5):973~977
36段海滨,王道波,于秀芬.蚁群算法硬件实现的研究进展.控制与决策. 2007, 22(3):241~244
37郝晋,石立宝,周家启.求解复杂TSP问题的随机扰动蚁群算法.系统工程理论与实践. 2002, (9):88~92
38 Amr Badr, Ahmed Fahmy. A proof of convergence for Ant algorithms. Information Sciences. 2004, (160):267~279
39孙焘,王秀坤,刘业欣,张名举.一种简单蚂蚁算法及其收敛性分析.小型微型计算机系统. 2003, 24(8):1524~1527
40冯远静,冯祖仁,彭勤科.一类自适应蚁群算法及其收敛性分析.控制理论与应用. 2005, 22(5):713~717
41段海滨,王道波.蚁群算法的全局收敛性研究及改进.系统工程与电子技. 2004, 26(10):1056~1059
42 S. D. Shtovba. Ant Algorithms: Theory and Applications. Programming and Computer Software. 2005, 31(4):167~178
43段海滨,王道波,朱家强.蚁群算法理论及应用研究的进展.控制与决策. 2004, (19):1321~1326
44张航,罗熊.蚁群算法的研究现状及发展展望.信息与控制. 2004, 33(3):318~324
45 Marc Reimann, Karl Doerner, Richard F. Hartl. D-Ants: Savings Based Ants divide and conquer the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research. 2004, (31):563~591