铸件热裂过程的可视化处理技术研究
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摘要
热裂是一个受多种因素影响的复杂过程,是铸件最严重的缺陷之一,现有的研究成果尚不能很好的预测铸件热裂倾向。如何利用可视化处理技术显示铸件热裂过程是实现直观准确地预测热裂倾向的关键问题。由于有限元分析计算具有分析准确,计算效率高的特点,因此利用有限元分析求解热裂问题的计算结果对铸件热裂过程进行可视化显示是一种有效的解决方法。
本文在有限元分析软件ANSYS求解热裂问题的基础上,利用标准数据存取接口SDAI完成了计算结果数据的转换和提取任务,通过绘制网格图、彩色云图、动态云图、热裂纹分布图显示了铸件以及铸件表面物理场的情况,从而实现了预测热裂的目的。论文将结果数据的转换和提取作为可视化处理的一个因素,而且数据的转换和提取也是提高图形显示准确性的关键技术。论文通过SDAI与C++语言早联编,生成了SDAI接口,读取了有限元分析软件生成的AP209模式文件,并将其数据结构转换为相应的C++数据结构。
在绘制图形过程中,采用了表层网格单元可见面提取算法实现了铸件模型网格图的显示。通过对有限元数据场与NURBS曲面之间的关系进行分析,找到了有限元单元表面的NURBS等效形式,利用计算机图形学中的NURBS方法和OpenGL提供的NURBS函数绘制了有限元数据场表面云图。此外,论文采用了二维数据场表面云图的动态显示方法显示了铸件表面物理场随时间的变化情况。绘制了热裂纹分布图显示了铸件产生热裂的部位和大小。
本文利用C++和OpenGL开发了铸件热裂过程的可视化处理程序,在铸件结构整体及一些需要重点考察和显示的表面上,得到了全面翔实的图形结果,表明本文在理论、程序及处理方法上是正确的,具有实用价值。
Heat cracking is a complex process influenced by various factors and it is also one of the most serious defects of castings. Current research findings still cannot forecast the heat cracking tendency of casting. And how to display casting heat cracking process through visualization processing is the key to directly and accurately forecast the heat cracking tendency. The finite element analysis is accurate and high efficient. Therefore, it is an effective solution to carry out visualization display of the casting heat cracking process by using the calculation result from solving the heat cracking problem with finite element analysis.
On the basis of solving heat cracking problem with finite element analysis software ANSYS, the present study accomplishes data transformation and extraction of the calculation result by adopting the Standard Data Access Interface SDAI and displays the physical field condition of the casting and casting surface by drawing grid graphs, color cloud charts, dynamic cloud charts, and distribution maps of heat cracking, in this way, the purpose of heat cracking forecasting is realized. This paper regards result data transformation and extraction as an element of visualization processing, and data transformation and extraction are also the key technology to improve the accuracy of graphic display. This study generates an SDAI interface through early binding of SDAI and C++ program language to read the AP209-mode documents generated by the finite element analysis software and transform its data structure into the corresponding C++ data structure.
With regard to the process of graph drawing, this study realizes the display of the casting model grid graph by using the algorithm of visual surface extraction of surface grid unit. The study finds the NURBS equivalent form of finite element unit surface by analyzing the relationship between finite element data field and NURBS surface, and draws the surface cloud chart of the finite element data field by using the NURBS method in computer graphics and the NURBS function provided by OpenGL. Moreover, this study displays the changes of physical field on the casting surface over time by using a dynamic display method of 2D data field surface cloud chart and draws the distribution map of heat cracking to display the location and size of castings generating heat cracking.
This study develops a visualization processing program of the casting heat cracking process by using C++ and OpenGL and results in substantial graphs of the whole structure of casting and some surfaces which shall be emphatically studied and displayed. The achievements of the present study indicate that this study is correct in theory, program, and processing method and has great practical value.
本文在有限元分析软件ANSYS求解热裂问题的基础上,利用标准数据存取接口SDAI完成了计算结果数据的转换和提取任务,通过绘制网格图、彩色云图、动态云图、热裂纹分布图显示了铸件以及铸件表面物理场的情况,从而实现了预测热裂的目的。论文将结果数据的转换和提取作为可视化处理的一个因素,而且数据的转换和提取也是提高图形显示准确性的关键技术。论文通过SDAI与C++语言早联编,生成了SDAI接口,读取了有限元分析软件生成的AP209模式文件,并将其数据结构转换为相应的C++数据结构。
在绘制图形过程中,采用了表层网格单元可见面提取算法实现了铸件模型网格图的显示。通过对有限元数据场与NURBS曲面之间的关系进行分析,找到了有限元单元表面的NURBS等效形式,利用计算机图形学中的NURBS方法和OpenGL提供的NURBS函数绘制了有限元数据场表面云图。此外,论文采用了二维数据场表面云图的动态显示方法显示了铸件表面物理场随时间的变化情况。绘制了热裂纹分布图显示了铸件产生热裂的部位和大小。
本文利用C++和OpenGL开发了铸件热裂过程的可视化处理程序,在铸件结构整体及一些需要重点考察和显示的表面上,得到了全面翔实的图形结果,表明本文在理论、程序及处理方法上是正确的,具有实用价值。
Heat cracking is a complex process influenced by various factors and it is also one of the most serious defects of castings. Current research findings still cannot forecast the heat cracking tendency of casting. And how to display casting heat cracking process through visualization processing is the key to directly and accurately forecast the heat cracking tendency. The finite element analysis is accurate and high efficient. Therefore, it is an effective solution to carry out visualization display of the casting heat cracking process by using the calculation result from solving the heat cracking problem with finite element analysis.
On the basis of solving heat cracking problem with finite element analysis software ANSYS, the present study accomplishes data transformation and extraction of the calculation result by adopting the Standard Data Access Interface SDAI and displays the physical field condition of the casting and casting surface by drawing grid graphs, color cloud charts, dynamic cloud charts, and distribution maps of heat cracking, in this way, the purpose of heat cracking forecasting is realized. This paper regards result data transformation and extraction as an element of visualization processing, and data transformation and extraction are also the key technology to improve the accuracy of graphic display. This study generates an SDAI interface through early binding of SDAI and C++ program language to read the AP209-mode documents generated by the finite element analysis software and transform its data structure into the corresponding C++ data structure.
With regard to the process of graph drawing, this study realizes the display of the casting model grid graph by using the algorithm of visual surface extraction of surface grid unit. The study finds the NURBS equivalent form of finite element unit surface by analyzing the relationship between finite element data field and NURBS surface, and draws the surface cloud chart of the finite element data field by using the NURBS method in computer graphics and the NURBS function provided by OpenGL. Moreover, this study displays the changes of physical field on the casting surface over time by using a dynamic display method of 2D data field surface cloud chart and draws the distribution map of heat cracking to display the location and size of castings generating heat cracking.
This study develops a visualization processing program of the casting heat cracking process by using C++ and OpenGL and results in substantial graphs of the whole structure of casting and some surfaces which shall be emphatically studied and displayed. The achievements of the present study indicate that this study is correct in theory, program, and processing method and has great practical value.
引文
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[32]楼建列,卢炎麟.基于STEP_AP209的有限元后处理技术研究.计算机工程与应用,2003,(36):108-109.
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