基于STEP-NC的数控解释器原理的研究
摘要
STEP-NC(ISO 14649),是由国际标准化组织ISO第184技术委员会第一分技术委员会(ISO/TC184/SC1)为计算机数字控制(CNC)系统制定一种新的数控编程标准。它是STEP标准的扩展,将加工操作组织成系列的加工步骤,每一个操作步骤都能在CNC机床上执行。STEP-Nc中加工步骤就相当于传统G,M代码一样代表就是加工指令。然而不同于G,M代码的是,STEP-NC中的加工步骤所包含的是三维几何信息,刀具需求,特征定义等信息,机床则根据这些可利用资源动态规划加工操作以及智能重组加工操作。
文章开始部分介绍了课题的来源、背景、意义以及STEP-NC标准国内外研究现状,而后通过对STEP-NC的应用活动模型,应用参考模型,应用解释模型的内容的详细介绍,加深大家对STEP-NC数据模型,应用协议(AP238)的范围、应用标准、功能单元,以及其文件结构的了解。
然后在对STEP-NC标准各应用模型进行深入研究的基础上。建立了基于STEP-NC标准的开放式数控后处理解释器。该系统主要分为:EXPRESS解释器,代码提取模块,代码解释模块,基于PMAC的数控指令接口模块。整个系统利用StepTools公司提供的ROSE工具,通过ST—Developer9.0工具中集成的EXPRESS解释器对AP238的应用解释模型进行编译,生成用于操作实体属性的实体类。在对这些实体类进行函数扩展后,来操纵ROSE库中的STEP-NC属性数据。
利用用户扩展的属性处理函数,将实体属性提取出来,作为PMAC数控指令接口模块的输入数据。这些数据通过几口模块的处理根据加工计划按顺序进行刀具路径的规划并将生成的刀具路径生成PMAC指令运动控制程序,最终实现解释STEP—NC代码的功能。
STEP-NC(ISO 14649), The data model standard of the computerized numerical control was constituted by ISO/TC184/SC1. STEP-NC is an extension of STEP that organizes manufacturing operations into "work -ing steps. " Each step defines an operation that can be performed on a CNC machine tool. The working steps defined by STEP-NC are roughly equivalent to the machining commands represented by traditional M and G codes. However, unlike M and G codes, the working steps are linked to three-dimensional geometry, tool requirements and feature definitions so that the machine tool can dynamically plan an operation using the available resources and intelligently re-plan an operation when necessary.In the dissertation, we recommending source, background, meaning of the subject and the current studying situation both at home and abroad of STEP-NC standard, and then recommend application activity model, application reference model, application interpret model in detail. Through this we made you can mastered application protocol (AP238 ), using standard .function unit, and its file structure of STEP-NC standard.On the base of researching of the STEP-NC standard, we set up the interpreter model composed of EXPRESS interpreter Code interpret-ter、 Scheduler、 Tool path generator、 Executor and Monitor and CNC system base on PMAC . We realize how to draw process information from STEP-NC file into mid-file and how to draw the data from the database, According to processing method, processing technology, cutter message described in the STEP-NC file, The interpreter create PMAC order to urge the numerical control machine tool processed work-piece.
In this dissertation, we start with studying STEP-NC standard and set up the systematic structure model of numerical control based on STEP-NC according to STEP principle and method of standard. Analyzed from technology, we confirm the rational systematic research approach of numerical control with feasible reality and develop the overall scheme. In this way we can develop our own numerical control system based on STEP-NC according to national conditions, which fill the gap that our country is in this domain and narrow the gap with developed country.
文章开始部分介绍了课题的来源、背景、意义以及STEP-NC标准国内外研究现状,而后通过对STEP-NC的应用活动模型,应用参考模型,应用解释模型的内容的详细介绍,加深大家对STEP-NC数据模型,应用协议(AP238)的范围、应用标准、功能单元,以及其文件结构的了解。
然后在对STEP-NC标准各应用模型进行深入研究的基础上。建立了基于STEP-NC标准的开放式数控后处理解释器。该系统主要分为:EXPRESS解释器,代码提取模块,代码解释模块,基于PMAC的数控指令接口模块。整个系统利用StepTools公司提供的ROSE工具,通过ST—Developer9.0工具中集成的EXPRESS解释器对AP238的应用解释模型进行编译,生成用于操作实体属性的实体类。在对这些实体类进行函数扩展后,来操纵ROSE库中的STEP-NC属性数据。
利用用户扩展的属性处理函数,将实体属性提取出来,作为PMAC数控指令接口模块的输入数据。这些数据通过几口模块的处理根据加工计划按顺序进行刀具路径的规划并将生成的刀具路径生成PMAC指令运动控制程序,最终实现解释STEP—NC代码的功能。
STEP-NC(ISO 14649), The data model standard of the computerized numerical control was constituted by ISO/TC184/SC1. STEP-NC is an extension of STEP that organizes manufacturing operations into "work -ing steps. " Each step defines an operation that can be performed on a CNC machine tool. The working steps defined by STEP-NC are roughly equivalent to the machining commands represented by traditional M and G codes. However, unlike M and G codes, the working steps are linked to three-dimensional geometry, tool requirements and feature definitions so that the machine tool can dynamically plan an operation using the available resources and intelligently re-plan an operation when necessary.In the dissertation, we recommending source, background, meaning of the subject and the current studying situation both at home and abroad of STEP-NC standard, and then recommend application activity model, application reference model, application interpret model in detail. Through this we made you can mastered application protocol (AP238 ), using standard .function unit, and its file structure of STEP-NC standard.On the base of researching of the STEP-NC standard, we set up the interpreter model composed of EXPRESS interpreter Code interpret-ter、 Scheduler、 Tool path generator、 Executor and Monitor and CNC system base on PMAC . We realize how to draw process information from STEP-NC file into mid-file and how to draw the data from the database, According to processing method, processing technology, cutter message described in the STEP-NC file, The interpreter create PMAC order to urge the numerical control machine tool processed work-piece.
In this dissertation, we start with studying STEP-NC standard and set up the systematic structure model of numerical control based on STEP-NC according to STEP principle and method of standard. Analyzed from technology, we confirm the rational systematic research approach of numerical control with feasible reality and develop the overall scheme. In this way we can develop our own numerical control system based on STEP-NC according to national conditions, which fill the gap that our country is in this domain and narrow the gap with developed country.
引文
[1] 肖田元等著.虚拟制造.第一版.清华大学出版社,2004:1-3页
[2] 轩传桃.基于STEP-NC的CAD/CAM集成接口的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2002:1-5页
[3] 国防军工基础科研项目论证报告.哈尔滨工程大学,2000
[4] 李嘉凡.ISO 10303 STEP制造业信息处理的基础标准.下载网址http://www.cstep.com
[5] 朱萍.基于STEP-NC的CAD/CAM集成接口的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2003:1-5页
[6] 产品数据交换标准结构.下载网址http://www.cnis.gov.cn/sc4
[7] 周波等.STEP标准数据库实现方式的研究.计算机研究与发展.1997.9
[8] 刘传慧.基于STEP中性文件的产品数据信息提取的研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2003:10-12页,28-33页
[9] 时峰.基于STEP/SDAI的有限元前处理基础技术研究——信息提取与模型重建.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:30-35页
[10] 时兵.基于STEP的三维实体特征提取与模型重建技术研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2003:50-55页
[11] 楼建列.基于SDAI/AP209的有限元后处理技术研究.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:47-52页
[12] 李永胜.基于STEP的特征CAD/CAPP集成方法的研究.四川大学硕士学位论文.2003:65-69页
[13] David Odendahl. Implementing AP238 CC1-Writing. 2004.11.16
[14] Julian Fowler. STEP Architecture and Methodology.下载网址http://www.nist.gov/sc4/step.1999
[15] 陈小震.基于STEPTOOL的船舶产品数据交换技术的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2001
[16] ISO TC184/SC4. STEP on a Page. http://www.nist.gov/sc4/step.1999
[17] STEP关键技术—信息建模与EXPRESS、EXPRESS-X、EXPRESS-G.下载网址: http://www.863cims.net
[18] ISO 10303-11: 1994(E) Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual. 1994: 1, 31-32, 55页
[19] Manufacturing Working Group. Integrated Manufacturing Overview and Scope. 2001
[20] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/FDIS 14649-10.计算机数字控制数据模型.2001
[21] 国际ISO标准组织TSO/FDIS 14649-11.铣削过程数据模型.2001
[22] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/FDIS 14649-111.铣削刀具模型.2001
[23] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/CD 10303 238.工业自动化系统及集成-产品数据表达和交换-第238部分,应用协议:计算机数字控制数据应用解释模型.2002
[24] Richard E. Neal. First Part Correct. Industrial Review Board Meeting e-Manufacturing using the Super Model, 2000
[25] Manufacturing Working Group. Integrated Manufacturing Overview and Scope. 2001
[26] CNC/Machine Group. Exploring the Benefits and Identifying the barriers for STEP-NC. 2001
[27] StepTools. Pilot-Scenario Demonstration. OMAC STEP-NC Working Group Meeting. 2005
[28] STEP-Compliant Data Interface for Numeric Controls. Outline Proposal. 2001
[29] Martin Hardwick. Tools for Implementing STEP&STEP-NC. DownLoad http://www.steptools.com
[30] Martin Hardwick, David Loffredo. STEP into NC. Manufacturing Engineering. 2001(1)
[31] ISO 10303-41: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Fundamentals of product description and support. 1994
[32] ISO 10303-42: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Integrated generic resources: Geometric and topological representation. 1994
[33] ISO 10303-21: 1994(E), Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange-Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of exchange structure
[34] Martin Hardwick. Digital Manufacturing using STEP-NC. DownLoad http://www.steptools.com
[35] 王平译. ISO 10303-1 Industrial Automation and Integration—Product Data Representation and Exchange—Part1: Overview and Fundamental Principles.中国标准化与信息编码研究所,1995:2,ⅱ,4,5-9,2-5页
[36] 王平,刘勇等译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第11部分:描述方法:EXPRESS语言参考手册.1995
[37] 王平,刘植婷等译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第21部分:实现方法:交换结构纯正文编码.1995
[38] 林钧永译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第42部分:集成资源:几何与拓扑表示.1995
[39] ST-Developer Manuals. http://www.steptools.com
[40] David Loffredo. AP-238 Fundamental Concepts. http://www.steptools.com
[41] ISO 14649-12: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—PROCESS DATA FOR TURNING—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[42] ISO 14649-10: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—General Process Data—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[43] ISO 14649-111: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—Tools For Milling—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[44] (美)David J.Kruglinski著.Programming Visual C++技术内幕(第五版).北京希望电子出版社,1999
[45] (美)John Paul Mueller著.Visual C++6从入门到精通.希望图书创作室译,1999:81-180页
[46] (美)Microsoft著.Visual C++6.0类库参考手册(一)(上、下).希望图书创作室译,1999
[47] (美)Microsoft著.Visual C++6.0类库参考手册(二)(上、下).希望图书创作室译,1999
[48] (美)Lolafsen.E等著.MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕.王建华等译.机械工业出版社,2000
[49] Michael J.Young著.Visual C++从入门到精通.邱仲潘等译.电子工业出版社,1998
[50] 中华人民共和国国家标准.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换第203部分:应用协议:配置控制设计.1997
[51] 郭烈恩,刘忠炼.智能化的CNC——STEP-NC.信息集成及开发.2004(2)
[52] 何庆,桂贵生.浅析STEP-NC数控模型.新技术新工艺.2004(2)
[53] 彭海涛,陈卫东,雷毅.CNC系统的全新数据输入标准STEP-NC.航空制造技术.2004
[54] 张学成.基于PMAC运动控制器的开放式数控系统研究.国防科学技术大学硕士论文.2002
[55] PMAC用户手册版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司
[56] PMAC软件手册版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司
[2] 轩传桃.基于STEP-NC的CAD/CAM集成接口的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2002:1-5页
[3] 国防军工基础科研项目论证报告.哈尔滨工程大学,2000
[4] 李嘉凡.ISO 10303 STEP制造业信息处理的基础标准.下载网址http://www.cstep.com
[5] 朱萍.基于STEP-NC的CAD/CAM集成接口的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2003:1-5页
[6] 产品数据交换标准结构.下载网址http://www.cnis.gov.cn/sc4
[7] 周波等.STEP标准数据库实现方式的研究.计算机研究与发展.1997.9
[8] 刘传慧.基于STEP中性文件的产品数据信息提取的研究.苏州大学硕士学位论文.2003:10-12页,28-33页
[9] 时峰.基于STEP/SDAI的有限元前处理基础技术研究——信息提取与模型重建.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:30-35页
[10] 时兵.基于STEP的三维实体特征提取与模型重建技术研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2003:50-55页
[11] 楼建列.基于SDAI/AP209的有限元后处理技术研究.浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2003:47-52页
[12] 李永胜.基于STEP的特征CAD/CAPP集成方法的研究.四川大学硕士学位论文.2003:65-69页
[13] David Odendahl. Implementing AP238 CC1-Writing. 2004.11.16
[14] Julian Fowler. STEP Architecture and Methodology.下载网址http://www.nist.gov/sc4/step.1999
[15] 陈小震.基于STEPTOOL的船舶产品数据交换技术的研究.哈尔滨工程大学硕士学位论文.2001
[16] ISO TC184/SC4. STEP on a Page. http://www.nist.gov/sc4/step.1999
[17] STEP关键技术—信息建模与EXPRESS、EXPRESS-X、EXPRESS-G.下载网址: http://www.863cims.net
[18] ISO 10303-11: 1994(E) Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual. 1994: 1, 31-32, 55页
[19] Manufacturing Working Group. Integrated Manufacturing Overview and Scope. 2001
[20] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/FDIS 14649-10.计算机数字控制数据模型.2001
[21] 国际ISO标准组织TSO/FDIS 14649-11.铣削过程数据模型.2001
[22] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/FDIS 14649-111.铣削刀具模型.2001
[23] 国际ISO标准组织ISO/CD 10303 238.工业自动化系统及集成-产品数据表达和交换-第238部分,应用协议:计算机数字控制数据应用解释模型.2002
[24] Richard E. Neal. First Part Correct. Industrial Review Board Meeting e-Manufacturing using the Super Model, 2000
[25] Manufacturing Working Group. Integrated Manufacturing Overview and Scope. 2001
[26] CNC/Machine Group. Exploring the Benefits and Identifying the barriers for STEP-NC. 2001
[27] StepTools. Pilot-Scenario Demonstration. OMAC STEP-NC Working Group Meeting. 2005
[28] STEP-Compliant Data Interface for Numeric Controls. Outline Proposal. 2001
[29] Martin Hardwick. Tools for Implementing STEP&STEP-NC. DownLoad http://www.steptools.com
[30] Martin Hardwick, David Loffredo. STEP into NC. Manufacturing Engineering. 2001(1)
[31] ISO 10303-41: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Fundamentals of product description and support. 1994
[32] ISO 10303-42: 1994, Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange—Integrated generic resources: Geometric and topological representation. 1994
[33] ISO 10303-21: 1994(E), Industrial automation systems and integration—Product data representation and exchange-Implementation methods: Clear text encoding of exchange structure
[34] Martin Hardwick. Digital Manufacturing using STEP-NC. DownLoad http://www.steptools.com
[35] 王平译. ISO 10303-1 Industrial Automation and Integration—Product Data Representation and Exchange—Part1: Overview and Fundamental Principles.中国标准化与信息编码研究所,1995:2,ⅱ,4,5-9,2-5页
[36] 王平,刘勇等译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第11部分:描述方法:EXPRESS语言参考手册.1995
[37] 王平,刘植婷等译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第21部分:实现方法:交换结构纯正文编码.1995
[38] 林钧永译.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换 第42部分:集成资源:几何与拓扑表示.1995
[39] ST-Developer Manuals. http://www.steptools.com
[40] David Loffredo. AP-238 Fundamental Concepts. http://www.steptools.com
[41] ISO 14649-12: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—PROCESS DATA FOR TURNING—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[42] ISO 14649-10: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—General Process Data—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[43] ISO 14649-111: 2002, Industrial automation systems and integration—Tools For Milling—Fundamentals of product description and support. 2002
[44] (美)David J.Kruglinski著.Programming Visual C++技术内幕(第五版).北京希望电子出版社,1999
[45] (美)John Paul Mueller著.Visual C++6从入门到精通.希望图书创作室译,1999:81-180页
[46] (美)Microsoft著.Visual C++6.0类库参考手册(一)(上、下).希望图书创作室译,1999
[47] (美)Microsoft著.Visual C++6.0类库参考手册(二)(上、下).希望图书创作室译,1999
[48] (美)Lolafsen.E等著.MFC Visual C++6编程技术内幕.王建华等译.机械工业出版社,2000
[49] Michael J.Young著.Visual C++从入门到精通.邱仲潘等译.电子工业出版社,1998
[50] 中华人民共和国国家标准.工业自动化系统与集成—产品数据表达与交换第203部分:应用协议:配置控制设计.1997
[51] 郭烈恩,刘忠炼.智能化的CNC——STEP-NC.信息集成及开发.2004(2)
[52] 何庆,桂贵生.浅析STEP-NC数控模型.新技术新工艺.2004(2)
[53] 彭海涛,陈卫东,雷毅.CNC系统的全新数据输入标准STEP-NC.航空制造技术.2004
[54] 张学成.基于PMAC运动控制器的开放式数控系统研究.国防科学技术大学硕士论文.2002
[55] PMAC用户手册版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司
[56] PMAC软件手册版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司