广州地区住宅建筑空调能耗与节能技术研究
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摘要
广州地处沿海经济发达地区,住宅建筑空调器保有量巨大且逐年递增。空调器保有量的不断增加给城市电网运行带来了极大的压力,据了解在夏季高峰时期空调用电已占电网总负荷的30%左右,所以对于住宅空调能耗的研究具有重要意义。
本文以户为单位对2008年广州某节能住宅小区进行了逐月耗电量的统计,得出了小区整体的全年平均耗电量为31.44kW·h/㎡·a,全年平均空调耗电量为11.63 kW·h/㎡·a;并对小区内各楼栋的数据进行了分析,结果显示小区住宅朝向及位置对空调能耗有重要影响,朝向不合理的楼栋平均空调耗电量可比小区平均值高出33.7%。
其次,为了对比了解节能住宅小区节能措施的实际效果,我们选取了另外一个未采用节能措施的住宅小区进行空调能耗调查作为对比,通过计算得出两个小区夏季空调耗电量,进行耗电量数据进行定量对比分析,结果显示采用节能措施的小区单位面积空调耗电量可降低34%。
最后,为了了解在实际作息下,建筑节能措施对住宅空调能耗的影响,我们对节能住宅小区进行了入户问卷调查,整理得出了小区住户的实际作息模式,通过在DEST-h中以实际作息为输入参数模拟住宅在各种节能措施下的节能效果,结果显示各项节能措施都基本达到了预期的设计目的。
Guangzhou is situated at the coastal area where the economy is developed, the residential building air-conditioner inventory is huge, and increases progressively year by year.. The air conditioning inventory keep increase has brought the enormous pressure for the urban electrical network it is known that air conditioning electricity consumption has accounted for about 30% which the electrical network always shoulders in the summer peak time. Therefore it has the important meaning regarding the housing air conditioning energy consumption's research.
This article survey the power consumption carry on as the household in a saving energy residential district to month by month in 2008. It has obtained the whole year annual average power consumption is 31.44kWh/㎡ a, the annual average air conditioning power consumption is 11.63 kWh/㎡ a. Afterward it analyzed the power data for various building in this residential district ,the finally result had indicated housing faced and the position has the importance effect to the air conditioning energy consumption, the housing that faced unreasonable the average air conditioning power consumption to be possible higher than 33.7% compared to the mean value.
Moreover, in order to understanding the saving energy measure’s actual result for saving energy residential district, we had selected other one residential district that not use the energy conservation measure to carry on the air conditioning energy consumption investigation to take the contrast, it had obtained the summer air conditioning power consumption for two residential district through the computation, it carries on the contrastive analysis to the power consumption data. The finally result show that the residential district used energy conservation measure could reduce 34% air conditioning power consumption.
Finally, in order to understand the influence of saving energy measure on the housing air conditioning energy consumption that under the actual work and rest, we had carried on questionnaire survey in the saving energy residential district, it obtained the inhabitant's actual work and rest pattern. Through simulated the effect under the kind of energy conservation energy measures for housing under in DEST-h that take the actual work and rest as the input parameter, the finally result show that each saving energy measures has achieved the anticipated design purpose.
本文以户为单位对2008年广州某节能住宅小区进行了逐月耗电量的统计,得出了小区整体的全年平均耗电量为31.44kW·h/㎡·a,全年平均空调耗电量为11.63 kW·h/㎡·a;并对小区内各楼栋的数据进行了分析,结果显示小区住宅朝向及位置对空调能耗有重要影响,朝向不合理的楼栋平均空调耗电量可比小区平均值高出33.7%。
其次,为了对比了解节能住宅小区节能措施的实际效果,我们选取了另外一个未采用节能措施的住宅小区进行空调能耗调查作为对比,通过计算得出两个小区夏季空调耗电量,进行耗电量数据进行定量对比分析,结果显示采用节能措施的小区单位面积空调耗电量可降低34%。
最后,为了了解在实际作息下,建筑节能措施对住宅空调能耗的影响,我们对节能住宅小区进行了入户问卷调查,整理得出了小区住户的实际作息模式,通过在DEST-h中以实际作息为输入参数模拟住宅在各种节能措施下的节能效果,结果显示各项节能措施都基本达到了预期的设计目的。
Guangzhou is situated at the coastal area where the economy is developed, the residential building air-conditioner inventory is huge, and increases progressively year by year.. The air conditioning inventory keep increase has brought the enormous pressure for the urban electrical network it is known that air conditioning electricity consumption has accounted for about 30% which the electrical network always shoulders in the summer peak time. Therefore it has the important meaning regarding the housing air conditioning energy consumption's research.
This article survey the power consumption carry on as the household in a saving energy residential district to month by month in 2008. It has obtained the whole year annual average power consumption is 31.44kWh/㎡ a, the annual average air conditioning power consumption is 11.63 kWh/㎡ a. Afterward it analyzed the power data for various building in this residential district ,the finally result had indicated housing faced and the position has the importance effect to the air conditioning energy consumption, the housing that faced unreasonable the average air conditioning power consumption to be possible higher than 33.7% compared to the mean value.
Moreover, in order to understanding the saving energy measure’s actual result for saving energy residential district, we had selected other one residential district that not use the energy conservation measure to carry on the air conditioning energy consumption investigation to take the contrast, it had obtained the summer air conditioning power consumption for two residential district through the computation, it carries on the contrastive analysis to the power consumption data. The finally result show that the residential district used energy conservation measure could reduce 34% air conditioning power consumption.
Finally, in order to understand the influence of saving energy measure on the housing air conditioning energy consumption that under the actual work and rest, we had carried on questionnaire survey in the saving energy residential district, it obtained the inhabitant's actual work and rest pattern. Through simulated the effect under the kind of energy conservation energy measures for housing under in DEST-h that take the actual work and rest as the input parameter, the finally result show that each saving energy measures has achieved the anticipated design purpose.
引文
[1]广州市统计局.广州统计年鉴2008[M].中国统计出版社,2008.
[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[M] .中国建筑工业出版社,2009:276 277
[3]刘刚.欧盟建筑能耗标准体系制定概况[J].暖通空调,2007,37(8):91 92
[4]吕晓辰,邹瑜.国内外建筑能效标识方法比较[J].建设科技,2009(12):21 22
[5]张晓亮,刘烨.国内外住宅建筑能耗标识体系[J].建设科技,2007(Z2):45 46
[6]侯冰洋,张颖.德国建筑能源证书简介[J].建筑学报,2008(03):36 38
[7] Morna Isaac , Detlef,P.vanVuuren. Modeling global residential sector energy demand for heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. Energy Policy[J] ,2009,37(2):509 521
[8] R.Cantin,G,Guarracino, Mourtada.G,M.Nasser;G.Guarracino.Scenarios of application of energy certification procedure for residential buildings in Lebanon[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35(6):3167 3178
[9] Reinhard Haas,Peter Biermayr ,Josef Zoechling. Impacts on Electricity Consumption of Household Appliances in Austria:a Comparison of Time Series and Cross-section. Energy Policy,1998,26(13):1031 1040
[10] Harold Wilhite ,Hidetoshi Nakagami,Takashi Masuda.A Cross-cultural Analysis of Household Energy Use Behaviour in Japan and Norway.Energy Policy,1996,24(9):795 803
[11]李兆坚,江亿,魏庆芃.北京市某住宅楼夏季空调能耗调查分析[J].暖通空调,2007,37(4):47 48
[12]李兆坚,江亿.北京住宅空调负荷和能耗特性研究[J].暖通空调,2006,36(8):4 6
[13]钟婷,龙惟定.上海市住宅空调的相关调查及其耗电量的估算[J].建筑热能通风空调. 2003(3):22 24
[14]陈淑琴,李念平,吉野博,等.长沙市住宅建筑冬季能源使用结构的调查与分析研究[J].暖通空调,2005(1):134 138
[15]谢燕群,李念平,陈淑琴,等.长沙居住建筑能耗调查及偏相关分析[J].煤气与热力,2007,27(5):85 88
[16]余晓平,彭宣伟,廖小烽,等.重庆市居住建筑能耗调查与分析以某高校住宅能耗为例[J].重庆建筑,2008(5)
[17]武茜.杭州地区住宅能耗问题与节能技术研究[D].浙江大学,2005.3
[18]任俊,孟庆林,刘娅,等.广州住宅空调能耗分析与研究[J].墙材革新与建筑节能.2003(4):34 37
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[21] JGJ 75 2003,夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[22]华南理工大学,等.建筑物理[M].华南理工大学出版社,2002:80 81
[23]王娇琳.深圳市高层住宅环境热舒适研究[J].中国住宅设施,2009(04):37 39
[24]信息时报.昨日电负荷首次超千万. http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/1 5/contenr_634262.htm
[25]李兆坚,江亿.住宅夏季空调能耗调查方法分析[J].暖通空调,2006,36(9):36 37
[26]高技. EXCEL下基尼系数的计算研究[J].浙江统计,2008(06):41 43
[27]江清源.高层建筑风环境及其影响研究[J].厦门科技,2007(05):48 52
[28]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷,等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST[J].暖通空调,2004(07):48 56
[29]简毅文.模拟软件DeST的可应用性分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,(33)01:46 50
[30]江亿,林波容,曾剑龙,等.住宅节能[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2006.03:110 111
[31]陈卓伦,孟庆林.广州地区居住建筑外围护结构的节能潜力分析[J]. 2005年全国暖通空调专业委员会空调模拟分析学组学术交流会论文集[C].清华大学出版社,2005:8 11
[2]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告2009[M] .中国建筑工业出版社,2009:276 277
[3]刘刚.欧盟建筑能耗标准体系制定概况[J].暖通空调,2007,37(8):91 92
[4]吕晓辰,邹瑜.国内外建筑能效标识方法比较[J].建设科技,2009(12):21 22
[5]张晓亮,刘烨.国内外住宅建筑能耗标识体系[J].建设科技,2007(Z2):45 46
[6]侯冰洋,张颖.德国建筑能源证书简介[J].建筑学报,2008(03):36 38
[7] Morna Isaac , Detlef,P.vanVuuren. Modeling global residential sector energy demand for heating and air conditioning in the context of climate change. Energy Policy[J] ,2009,37(2):509 521
[8] R.Cantin,G,Guarracino, Mourtada.G,M.Nasser;G.Guarracino.Scenarios of application of energy certification procedure for residential buildings in Lebanon[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35(6):3167 3178
[9] Reinhard Haas,Peter Biermayr ,Josef Zoechling. Impacts on Electricity Consumption of Household Appliances in Austria:a Comparison of Time Series and Cross-section. Energy Policy,1998,26(13):1031 1040
[10] Harold Wilhite ,Hidetoshi Nakagami,Takashi Masuda.A Cross-cultural Analysis of Household Energy Use Behaviour in Japan and Norway.Energy Policy,1996,24(9):795 803
[11]李兆坚,江亿,魏庆芃.北京市某住宅楼夏季空调能耗调查分析[J].暖通空调,2007,37(4):47 48
[12]李兆坚,江亿.北京住宅空调负荷和能耗特性研究[J].暖通空调,2006,36(8):4 6
[13]钟婷,龙惟定.上海市住宅空调的相关调查及其耗电量的估算[J].建筑热能通风空调. 2003(3):22 24
[14]陈淑琴,李念平,吉野博,等.长沙市住宅建筑冬季能源使用结构的调查与分析研究[J].暖通空调,2005(1):134 138
[15]谢燕群,李念平,陈淑琴,等.长沙居住建筑能耗调查及偏相关分析[J].煤气与热力,2007,27(5):85 88
[16]余晓平,彭宣伟,廖小烽,等.重庆市居住建筑能耗调查与分析以某高校住宅能耗为例[J].重庆建筑,2008(5)
[17]武茜.杭州地区住宅能耗问题与节能技术研究[D].浙江大学,2005.3
[18]任俊,孟庆林,刘娅,等.广州住宅空调能耗分析与研究[J].墙材革新与建筑节能.2003(4):34 37
[19]梁剑麟.广州地区中高层住宅设计与空调能耗问题研究[D].华南理工大学,2001.7
[20] DBJ 15 50 2006,夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准(广东省实施细则)[S].广东省建设厅,2006
[21] JGJ 75 2003,夏热冬暖地区居住建筑节能设计标准[S].中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[22]华南理工大学,等.建筑物理[M].华南理工大学出版社,2002:80 81
[23]王娇琳.深圳市高层住宅环境热舒适研究[J].中国住宅设施,2009(04):37 39
[24]信息时报.昨日电负荷首次超千万. http://informationtimes.dayoo.com/html/2009-07/1 5/contenr_634262.htm
[25]李兆坚,江亿.住宅夏季空调能耗调查方法分析[J].暖通空调,2006,36(9):36 37
[26]高技. EXCEL下基尼系数的计算研究[J].浙江统计,2008(06):41 43
[27]江清源.高层建筑风环境及其影响研究[J].厦门科技,2007(05):48 52
[28]燕达,谢晓娜,宋芳婷,等.建筑环境设计模拟分析软件DeST[J].暖通空调,2004(07):48 56
[29]简毅文.模拟软件DeST的可应用性分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2007,(33)01:46 50
[30]江亿,林波容,曾剑龙,等.住宅节能[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2006.03:110 111
[31]陈卓伦,孟庆林.广州地区居住建筑外围护结构的节能潜力分析[J]. 2005年全国暖通空调专业委员会空调模拟分析学组学术交流会论文集[C].清华大学出版社,2005:8 11