冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的承载力性能研究
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摘要
冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖是由冷弯薄壁型钢楼盖梁与定向刨花板通过自攻螺钉连接而成的一种轻型组合楼盖。本文采用试验和非线性有限元分析两种方法,对冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的承载力性能进行了研究,并提出了建议设计方法。
对不同螺钉间距的两块足尺组合楼盖试件进行了承载力试验研究,详细介绍了试验装置、试验方法、试件的破坏过程以及对试验数据的分析处理等。依据试验,首次提出了冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的工作机理及破坏模式。试验结果表明:减小螺钉间距可以提高组合楼盖的承载力。
采用有限元方法对竖向荷载作用下的组合楼盖试件进行模拟,同时考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性问题。采用塑性壳单元模拟组合楼盖各构件,楼盖梁和边梁之间采用铰接方式连接,楼面板与楼盖梁自攻螺钉的连接采用梁单元进行模拟,方程组求解方法由ANSYS程序自动选择。对比有限元分析与试验结果,误差在3.95%～7.02%之间,二者吻合较好,验证了本文有限元方法的正确性。在此基础上,对螺钉间距、楼面板厚度、楼盖梁截面厚度、楼盖梁间距以及钢材强度等影响因素进行了参数分析,结果表明:减小螺钉间距和楼盖梁间距、增大楼面板和楼盖梁截面厚度以及提高钢材的强度均可以提高组合楼盖的承载力。
最后,在试验、非线性有限元分析的基础上,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖承载力的设计准则和简化设计方法。简化方法的计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合较好,证明了本文简化方法的可行性。
Cold-formed steel floor is a lightweight composite structural system consisting of cold-formed steel joists connected to oriented standard board by self-drilling screws.This paper mainly describes the detailed study results on load carrying capacity of cold-formed steel floor by tests and nonlinear finite element analysis,and the corresponding proposed design method is proposed.
Two full scale experimental models were tested,which had different spacing of self-drilling screws.The trial device,test method and full test course as well as the analysis of test data are introduced in details.And the working and destruction mechanism of cold-formed steel floor is concluded for the first time in this part.The results of study show that decreasing the spacing of screw can increase the load capacity of the floor system.
Nonlinear finite element analysis involving geometric large deformation and materials nonlinear is used to simulate test models under vertical load in this paper.Members are modeled as shell elements.The steel members are simply connected,while the screws connecting of the sheathings to the frame are modeled through beam elements.The equation resolution method is selected by ANSYS program automatically.From the comparison of computer analysis to experimental results,the finite element model is more accurate,within reasonable agreement discrepancies ranging from 3.95%to 7.02%.Parametric study analysis was carried out to mainly determine the effect of spacing of screw,oriented standard board thickness,steel thickness,spacing of the joists and the strength of steel members.The results of the study indicate that the load bearing capacity of the floor increases when the space of screw and joists decreased and the thickness of oriented standard board and steel joists. Increasing the strength of steel members also can sustain higher load.
Finally,based on the test and the nonlinear finite element analysis,the design rule and the simple corresponding design method are proposed.Compared with the ANSYS results, the proposed method indicates high degree of accuracy.
对不同螺钉间距的两块足尺组合楼盖试件进行了承载力试验研究,详细介绍了试验装置、试验方法、试件的破坏过程以及对试验数据的分析处理等。依据试验,首次提出了冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖的工作机理及破坏模式。试验结果表明:减小螺钉间距可以提高组合楼盖的承载力。
采用有限元方法对竖向荷载作用下的组合楼盖试件进行模拟,同时考虑了材料非线性和几何非线性问题。采用塑性壳单元模拟组合楼盖各构件,楼盖梁和边梁之间采用铰接方式连接,楼面板与楼盖梁自攻螺钉的连接采用梁单元进行模拟,方程组求解方法由ANSYS程序自动选择。对比有限元分析与试验结果,误差在3.95%～7.02%之间,二者吻合较好,验证了本文有限元方法的正确性。在此基础上,对螺钉间距、楼面板厚度、楼盖梁截面厚度、楼盖梁间距以及钢材强度等影响因素进行了参数分析,结果表明:减小螺钉间距和楼盖梁间距、增大楼面板和楼盖梁截面厚度以及提高钢材的强度均可以提高组合楼盖的承载力。
最后,在试验、非线性有限元分析的基础上,提出了冷弯薄壁型钢组合楼盖承载力的设计准则和简化设计方法。简化方法的计算结果与有限元分析结果吻合较好,证明了本文简化方法的可行性。
Cold-formed steel floor is a lightweight composite structural system consisting of cold-formed steel joists connected to oriented standard board by self-drilling screws.This paper mainly describes the detailed study results on load carrying capacity of cold-formed steel floor by tests and nonlinear finite element analysis,and the corresponding proposed design method is proposed.
Two full scale experimental models were tested,which had different spacing of self-drilling screws.The trial device,test method and full test course as well as the analysis of test data are introduced in details.And the working and destruction mechanism of cold-formed steel floor is concluded for the first time in this part.The results of study show that decreasing the spacing of screw can increase the load capacity of the floor system.
Nonlinear finite element analysis involving geometric large deformation and materials nonlinear is used to simulate test models under vertical load in this paper.Members are modeled as shell elements.The steel members are simply connected,while the screws connecting of the sheathings to the frame are modeled through beam elements.The equation resolution method is selected by ANSYS program automatically.From the comparison of computer analysis to experimental results,the finite element model is more accurate,within reasonable agreement discrepancies ranging from 3.95%to 7.02%.Parametric study analysis was carried out to mainly determine the effect of spacing of screw,oriented standard board thickness,steel thickness,spacing of the joists and the strength of steel members.The results of the study indicate that the load bearing capacity of the floor increases when the space of screw and joists decreased and the thickness of oriented standard board and steel joists. Increasing the strength of steel members also can sustain higher load.
Finally,based on the test and the nonlinear finite element analysis,the design rule and the simple corresponding design method are proposed.Compared with the ANSYS results, the proposed method indicates high degree of accuracy.
引文
[1]North American Steel Framing Alliance.Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing[S].Year 2000 Edition
[2]黄续.浅谈钢结构建筑住宅的应用和发展[J].中国建筑金属结构,2006(4):32-34
[3]Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing[S].NAHB Research Center,United states,1996
[4]Commentary on the Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing[S].NAHB Research Center,United states,1996
[5]Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].American Iron and Steel Institute,American,2003
[6]Peyton H.,Seattle W.A.Mid-Rise Structures Designed and Built Using Load Bearing Cold-Formed Steel[J].Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association,2000:1-7
[7]弓晓芸,严虹.浅谈轻钢结构低层住宅[J].钢结构,2001(6):27-29
[8]陈禄如.钢结构住宅建筑将成为我国住宅的重要组成部分[J].住宅产业,2002(30)
[9]张东宁.北新薄板钢骨结构住宅闪亮登场[J].《中国建设报》之中国楼市,2002
[10]JG/T182-2005,低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构装配式住宅技术要求[S].
[11]周绪红,石宇,周天华,刘永健,周期石,狄谨,卢林枫.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅体系[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(2):1-14
[12]周绪红,娄乃琳,刘永健,狄谨,石宇.低层轻型钢结构装配式住宅及其产品标准[J].住宅产业,2004,58(11):12-14
[13]梁小青等.北新多层轻钢住宅课题研究总报告[R].http://www.chinahouse.gov.cn/zjlt9/9470.htm
[14]Anderson A.L.Investigation of Steel Joist Supported Wood Floor Systems[D].Master Thesis,Department of Civil Engineering,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg,Virginia,1997
[15]Rizwan U.Evaluation of Different Floor Vibration Criteria of Cold-Formed Residential Construction [D].Master Project,Department of Civil Engineering,University of Waterloo,Ontario,Canada,2000
[16]Xu L.,Lin Z.,Xie W.C.,et al.Dynamic Behaviors of Residential Floor Systems Using Cold-Formed Steel Joists(Phase-1)[R].The 15th International Specialty Conference on Cold Formed Steel Structures,St.Louis,Missouri,2000.10:377-392
[17]Xu L.,Tangorra F.M.Experimental investigation of lightweight residential floors supported by cold-formed steel C-shape joists[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2007,V63(3):422-435
[18]王娟.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合楼盖振动性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006
[19]燕妮.冷弯薄壁型钢住宅组合楼板的振动及设计准则[D].西安:长安大学,2008
[20]Zhou Xuhong,Jia Ziwen,Nie Shaofeng.Experimental Study on Vibration Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Concrete Composite Floor[A].The 4td International Symposium on Improvement of Structural Safety for Building Structures(ISSBS'08)[C],Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,China,2008:116-125
[21]Nader R.,Elhajj P.E.,et al.Innovative Residential Floor Construction:Horizontal Diaphragm Values for Cold-Formed Steel Framing[R].NAHB Research Center,United states,1999
[22]Fox S.R.The Strength of Stiffened CFS Floor Joist Assemblies with Offset Loading[R].Canadian Cold Formed Steel Research Group,University of Waterloo,2003
[23]Fox S.R.The Strength of Stiffened CFS Floor Joist Assemblies with Offset Loading[A].Eighteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures:Recent Research and Developments in Cold-Formed Steel Design and Construction[C],Orlando FL,United states,2006:205-219
[24]Fox S.R.The Strength of CFS Floor Assemblies with Clip Angle Bearing Stiffeners[R].Canadian Cold Formed Steel Research Group,University of Waterloo,2005
[25]Fox S.R.The strength of CFS floor assemblies with clip angle bearing stiffeners[A].Eighteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures:Recent Research and Developments in Cold-Formed Steel Design and Construction[C],Orlando FL,United states,2006:239-252
[26]GB50018-2002,《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[27]AS/NZS,Cold-formed steel structures,Australian and New Zealand standards[S],AS/NZS 4600:1996,Sydney,1994
[28]日本铁鋼聨盟编.薄板輕量輕造建筑物设计の手引き[M].日本:技报堂出版,2002,6
[29]朱勇军,张耀春等.蒙皮支撑的钢构件静力工作性能研究综述[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1995,28(4):121-127
[30]朱勇军,张耀春等.影响蒙皮支撑柱静力性能的若干因素[J].哈尔滨建筑科技大学,1998,31(5):20-25
[31]GB/T228—2002,《金属材料—室温拉伸试验方法》[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[32]Thomas W.H.Concentrated Load Capacity and Stiffness of Oriented Strand Board:Calculation Versus Test[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,V128(7):908-912
[33]湖南大学,太原工业大学,福州大学合编.建筑结构试验[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[34]杨德健,王宁.建筑结构试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2006.
[35]孙训芳,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1995
[36]周绪红,王世纪.薄壁构件稳定理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009
[37]Hancock G.J.Design for distortional buckling of flexural members[J].Thin Walled Structures,1997,V27(1):3-12
[38]李皓月,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[39]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[40]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[41]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003
[42]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[43]小飒工作室.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[44]周绪红,李硕,孔次融.冷弯型钢卷边槽型截面受压构件板组稳定性与极限承载力研究专题报告集[R].湖南:湖南大学土木工程学院,1997
[45]GB50017-2003,《钢结构设计规范》[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[46]Young B.,Rasmussen K.J.R.Tests of fixed-ended plain channel columns[J].Journal of Structural Enginering.ASCE,1998,V124(2):131-139
[47]American Iron and Steel Institute.North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members[S],2001
[48]GB/T 700-2006.碳素结构钢[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[49]GB/T 1591-1994.低合金高强度结构钢[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[50]丁成章.轻钢(木)骨架住宅结构设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[51]张兆宇.冷弯薄壁C形槽钢畸变屈曲的试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005
[2]黄续.浅谈钢结构建筑住宅的应用和发展[J].中国建筑金属结构,2006(4):32-34
[3]Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing[S].NAHB Research Center,United states,1996
[4]Commentary on the Prescriptive Method for Residential Cold-Formed Steel Framing[S].NAHB Research Center,United states,1996
[5]Commentary on the Standard for Cold-Formed Steel Framing-Prescriptive Method for One and Two Family Dwellings[S].American Iron and Steel Institute,American,2003
[6]Peyton H.,Seattle W.A.Mid-Rise Structures Designed and Built Using Load Bearing Cold-Formed Steel[J].Newsletter for the Light Gauge Steel Engineers Association,2000:1-7
[7]弓晓芸,严虹.浅谈轻钢结构低层住宅[J].钢结构,2001(6):27-29
[8]陈禄如.钢结构住宅建筑将成为我国住宅的重要组成部分[J].住宅产业,2002(30)
[9]张东宁.北新薄板钢骨结构住宅闪亮登场[J].《中国建设报》之中国楼市,2002
[10]JG/T182-2005,低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构装配式住宅技术要求[S].
[11]周绪红,石宇,周天华,刘永健,周期石,狄谨,卢林枫.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅体系[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(2):1-14
[12]周绪红,娄乃琳,刘永健,狄谨,石宇.低层轻型钢结构装配式住宅及其产品标准[J].住宅产业,2004,58(11):12-14
[13]梁小青等.北新多层轻钢住宅课题研究总报告[R].http://www.chinahouse.gov.cn/zjlt9/9470.htm
[14]Anderson A.L.Investigation of Steel Joist Supported Wood Floor Systems[D].Master Thesis,Department of Civil Engineering,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg,Virginia,1997
[15]Rizwan U.Evaluation of Different Floor Vibration Criteria of Cold-Formed Residential Construction [D].Master Project,Department of Civil Engineering,University of Waterloo,Ontario,Canada,2000
[16]Xu L.,Lin Z.,Xie W.C.,et al.Dynamic Behaviors of Residential Floor Systems Using Cold-Formed Steel Joists(Phase-1)[R].The 15th International Specialty Conference on Cold Formed Steel Structures,St.Louis,Missouri,2000.10:377-392
[17]Xu L.,Tangorra F.M.Experimental investigation of lightweight residential floors supported by cold-formed steel C-shape joists[J].Journal of Constructional Steel Research,2007,V63(3):422-435
[18]王娟.低层冷弯薄壁型钢结构住宅组合楼盖振动性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006
[19]燕妮.冷弯薄壁型钢住宅组合楼板的振动及设计准则[D].西安:长安大学,2008
[20]Zhou Xuhong,Jia Ziwen,Nie Shaofeng.Experimental Study on Vibration Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Concrete Composite Floor[A].The 4td International Symposium on Improvement of Structural Safety for Building Structures(ISSBS'08)[C],Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin,China,2008:116-125
[21]Nader R.,Elhajj P.E.,et al.Innovative Residential Floor Construction:Horizontal Diaphragm Values for Cold-Formed Steel Framing[R].NAHB Research Center,United states,1999
[22]Fox S.R.The Strength of Stiffened CFS Floor Joist Assemblies with Offset Loading[R].Canadian Cold Formed Steel Research Group,University of Waterloo,2003
[23]Fox S.R.The Strength of Stiffened CFS Floor Joist Assemblies with Offset Loading[A].Eighteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures:Recent Research and Developments in Cold-Formed Steel Design and Construction[C],Orlando FL,United states,2006:205-219
[24]Fox S.R.The Strength of CFS Floor Assemblies with Clip Angle Bearing Stiffeners[R].Canadian Cold Formed Steel Research Group,University of Waterloo,2005
[25]Fox S.R.The strength of CFS floor assemblies with clip angle bearing stiffeners[A].Eighteenth International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures:Recent Research and Developments in Cold-Formed Steel Design and Construction[C],Orlando FL,United states,2006:239-252
[26]GB50018-2002,《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2002
[27]AS/NZS,Cold-formed steel structures,Australian and New Zealand standards[S],AS/NZS 4600:1996,Sydney,1994
[28]日本铁鋼聨盟编.薄板輕量輕造建筑物设计の手引き[M].日本:技报堂出版,2002,6
[29]朱勇军,张耀春等.蒙皮支撑的钢构件静力工作性能研究综述[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1995,28(4):121-127
[30]朱勇军,张耀春等.影响蒙皮支撑柱静力性能的若干因素[J].哈尔滨建筑科技大学,1998,31(5):20-25
[31]GB/T228—2002,《金属材料—室温拉伸试验方法》[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[32]Thomas W.H.Concentrated Load Capacity and Stiffness of Oriented Strand Board:Calculation Versus Test[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,V128(7):908-912
[33]湖南大学,太原工业大学,福州大学合编.建筑结构试验[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[34]杨德健,王宁.建筑结构试验[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社.2006.
[35]孙训芳,方孝淑,关来泰.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社.1995
[36]周绪红,王世纪.薄壁构件稳定理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2009
[37]Hancock G.J.Design for distortional buckling of flexural members[J].Thin Walled Structures,1997,V27(1):3-12
[38]李皓月,周田朋,刘相新.ANSYS工程计算应用教程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2003
[39]任重.ANSYS实用分析教程[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2003
[40]陈精一,蔡国忠.电脑辅助工程分析—ANSYS使用指南[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[41]赵均海,汪梦甫.弹性力学及有限元[M].武汉:武汉理工大学出版社,2003
[42]刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[43]小飒工作室.最新经典ANSYS及Workbench教程[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[44]周绪红,李硕,孔次融.冷弯型钢卷边槽型截面受压构件板组稳定性与极限承载力研究专题报告集[R].湖南:湖南大学土木工程学院,1997
[45]GB50017-2003,《钢结构设计规范》[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[46]Young B.,Rasmussen K.J.R.Tests of fixed-ended plain channel columns[J].Journal of Structural Enginering.ASCE,1998,V124(2):131-139
[47]American Iron and Steel Institute.North American Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members[S],2001
[48]GB/T 700-2006.碳素结构钢[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006
[49]GB/T 1591-1994.低合金高强度结构钢[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1994
[50]丁成章.轻钢(木)骨架住宅结构设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[51]张兆宇.冷弯薄壁C形槽钢畸变屈曲的试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005