区域互联电网备用市场模式及需求研究
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摘要
备用是保证电力系统安全可靠运行的主要措施之一,用市场手段来进行备用容量的预留和分配是当今电力工业进行市场化改革的发展趋势。建立合理的市场交易机制,并在满足系统可靠性要求前提下预留尽可能少的备用容量及其在互联子系统内的分配,是我国区域电网备用管理亟需研究和解决的问题,旨在主动激发备用服务提供者的积极性。
本文首先对华东区域电网备用容量市场的交易模式进行了深入的研究,综合考虑华东区域电力市场已具备的各项条件,并通过算例仿真提出了适合华东备用市场的交易模式。建议华东二期市场采用区域统一的备用市场,集中获取备用资源,但满足分区最小备用需求;采用备用全部参与日前市场竞价出清;市场出清模型采用联合优化,目标为主能量、备用总运行费用最小;备用服务按容量费用和电量费用分别结算,备用费用由所有上网机组按照其实际上网电量进行分摊。
由于区域备用市场集中获取备用,因此互联区域系统最优备用容量的确定是本论文的另一研究重点。本文以基于系统电力不足概率可靠性指标(LOLP)确定互联系统备用需求的方法为基础,考虑系统机组强迫停运率、联络线容量限制,并进一步结合系统实时负荷潮流状态,应用区域间实时可用传输容量(ATC)取代联络线可用容量,推导实时状态下满足可靠性指标的备用需求模型,并给出了计算流程及仿真算例结果。在此基础上,本文对互联系统备用需求分配进行了讨论,将传统的备用需求分配原则与根据可靠性算法结果进行比较,分析了这两种分配原则各自适用的情形。算例仿真表明,根据现行的备用管理原则留取的备用容量偏高,若备用资源通过市场获取则系统的备用运行成本偏高。基于LOLP指标的概率性获取备用方法与之相比,备用容量需求减少,同时兼顾了系统的可靠性要求,在备用市场化运营的过程中适合采用概率性算法确定系统备用需求,统一获取备用资源。
Reserve ancillary service is necessary to maintain the power system operation reliability. It is trended now to be procured under the deregulated environment in order to improve the enthusiasm of reserve ancillary service providers. Therefore, a reasonable reserve market mechanism in which all the necessary reserve capacity could be procured in an interconnected large scale power system is a problem desiderated to be studied.
The thesis firstly focuses on the market mode of reserve ancillary market. Based on the current market structure and technical situation of East China power market, some suggestions on East China reserve service market are proposed through case numerical studies. A centralized reserve procurement approach but considering the necessary minimum reserve for sub-network, is suggested for East China reserve market; Reserve capacity should be scheduled simultaneously with energy in day-ahead market; A join optimization clearing model is utilized to minimize the total cost of day-ahead energy and reserve service; The reserve service should be paid for its capability cost and operational fuel cost respectively, and the total reserve cost should be allocated to each online unit according to its actual generation amount.
Another main point of this thesis is the method to determine the optimal reserve requirement for an interconnected system in the centralized reserve procurement environment. Satisfying the system reliability index, lost of load probability, a reserve requirement model is introduced based on the capacity outage probability model, operating reserve capacity and tie line capacity constraint. Then it is further developed to consider the available transfer capability of interconnected systems, based on the real-time power flow of the system.And the regional reserve requirement allocation based on this model are compared with the current East China Grid reserve allocation method. Calculation cases demonstrate that the reserve requirement by traditional reserve principle is larger than the requirement based on the probability method. So it is fit for setting down the reserve requirement and gain resource from the reserve market, which lower the reserve requirement and its cost.
本文首先对华东区域电网备用容量市场的交易模式进行了深入的研究,综合考虑华东区域电力市场已具备的各项条件,并通过算例仿真提出了适合华东备用市场的交易模式。建议华东二期市场采用区域统一的备用市场,集中获取备用资源,但满足分区最小备用需求;采用备用全部参与日前市场竞价出清;市场出清模型采用联合优化,目标为主能量、备用总运行费用最小;备用服务按容量费用和电量费用分别结算,备用费用由所有上网机组按照其实际上网电量进行分摊。
由于区域备用市场集中获取备用,因此互联区域系统最优备用容量的确定是本论文的另一研究重点。本文以基于系统电力不足概率可靠性指标(LOLP)确定互联系统备用需求的方法为基础,考虑系统机组强迫停运率、联络线容量限制,并进一步结合系统实时负荷潮流状态,应用区域间实时可用传输容量(ATC)取代联络线可用容量,推导实时状态下满足可靠性指标的备用需求模型,并给出了计算流程及仿真算例结果。在此基础上,本文对互联系统备用需求分配进行了讨论,将传统的备用需求分配原则与根据可靠性算法结果进行比较,分析了这两种分配原则各自适用的情形。算例仿真表明,根据现行的备用管理原则留取的备用容量偏高,若备用资源通过市场获取则系统的备用运行成本偏高。基于LOLP指标的概率性获取备用方法与之相比,备用容量需求减少,同时兼顾了系统的可靠性要求,在备用市场化运营的过程中适合采用概率性算法确定系统备用需求,统一获取备用资源。
Reserve ancillary service is necessary to maintain the power system operation reliability. It is trended now to be procured under the deregulated environment in order to improve the enthusiasm of reserve ancillary service providers. Therefore, a reasonable reserve market mechanism in which all the necessary reserve capacity could be procured in an interconnected large scale power system is a problem desiderated to be studied.
The thesis firstly focuses on the market mode of reserve ancillary market. Based on the current market structure and technical situation of East China power market, some suggestions on East China reserve service market are proposed through case numerical studies. A centralized reserve procurement approach but considering the necessary minimum reserve for sub-network, is suggested for East China reserve market; Reserve capacity should be scheduled simultaneously with energy in day-ahead market; A join optimization clearing model is utilized to minimize the total cost of day-ahead energy and reserve service; The reserve service should be paid for its capability cost and operational fuel cost respectively, and the total reserve cost should be allocated to each online unit according to its actual generation amount.
Another main point of this thesis is the method to determine the optimal reserve requirement for an interconnected system in the centralized reserve procurement environment. Satisfying the system reliability index, lost of load probability, a reserve requirement model is introduced based on the capacity outage probability model, operating reserve capacity and tie line capacity constraint. Then it is further developed to consider the available transfer capability of interconnected systems, based on the real-time power flow of the system.And the regional reserve requirement allocation based on this model are compared with the current East China Grid reserve allocation method. Calculation cases demonstrate that the reserve requirement by traditional reserve principle is larger than the requirement based on the probability method. So it is fit for setting down the reserve requirement and gain resource from the reserve market, which lower the reserve requirement and its cost.
引文
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[20]丁军威,沈喻,康重庆等.备用辅助服务市场的组织与交易决策[J].电力系统自动化, 2003,27(2):29-32
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[22]任震,潘锡芒电力市场中计及发电机组可用率的备用分配计算[J].电力系统自动化, 2002,26(11):16-18
[23]王建学,王锡凡等.电力备用市场的竞价模型[J].电力系统自动化, 2003,27(2):7-11
[24] Kottick,D,Blau,M,Frank,Y.Reliability of supply to consumers as a function of the installed generation reserve margin.Electric Power System Research Volume:33,Issue:1,1995,63-67
[25] Jiangxue Wang,Xifan Wang.Operating Reserve model in the power market.IEEE transactions on power system.2005,20(1):223-229
[26]赵学顺,余志伟,钟志勇,文福拴等.基于高峰负荷定价理论的备用获取和定价[J].电力系统自动化, 2003,27(2):24-28
[27]陈志姚,毕天姝,文福栓等.运用保险理论的备用容量辅助服务分散决策机理初探[J].电力系统自动化, 2002(26):20
[28]陈志姚,毕天姝,文福栓等.两种备用容量分散决策方法及其比较[J].电力系统及其自动化,2003,27(2):12-18
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