同轴套管式回路型重力热管太阳能锅炉设计及系统传热特性研究
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摘要
目前150℃-200℃左右的中高温蒸汽在工业领域中的应用广泛,工业锅炉的能耗在社会总能耗中占据了较大的比重,同时工业锅炉由于运行情况较差,效率较低,并且缺乏有效的环保设施,废气的排放对环境的污染较大。所以发展太阳能锅炉,部分替代工业锅炉,对于工业供热领域的节能减排有着重要的意义。因此本文对槽式太阳能集热器与回路型重力热管在太阳能中高温蒸汽利用领域的应用进行了探索研究,自行研制了一种新型的同轴套管式回路型重力热管太阳能锅炉系统。
本文首先介绍了工业蒸汽供热领域的现状以及太阳能热利用的最新发展状况,并初步对比太阳能发电与太阳能蒸汽利用的经济性,最后综合分析得出了太阳能中高温蒸汽的巨大的研究价值。
本文通过完整地设计一套集热功率为62.7kW,设计蒸发量为50kg/h的太阳能锅炉系统,总结了一套较为完整的太阳能锅炉设计计算流程。同时为了降低系统的成本,在国外发电通用的槽式太阳能集热技术的基础上对其进行了重大改进：设计了一种新型的同轴套管式U型集热管替代直通式真空集热管作为集热元件,并对其进行建立了传热学模型,经理论计算效率为66%,经过经验修正后效率为59%,在满足系统设计效率要求的基础上,将集热管成本降低为直通式真空集热管的1/15；同时在实验过程中对同轴套管式U型集热管进行了改进,结合模块化设计思想,获得了一种能更方便准确安装、效率更接近于直通式真空集热管的新型的单层玻璃管同轴套管式槽式太阳能集热模块；为了解决相对运动的两个系统的管路布置问题以及提高系统工作的可靠性,设计了四杆机构用于固定管路。
在完成了同轴套管式回路型重力热管太阳能锅炉的搭建以后,对其启动特性进行了初步实验研究,通过对实验测量的数据的分析得出了系统在华北地区实际工作环境中的启动特性,得出了系统的效率计算方法。通过对实验现场实际环境影响因素的总结,在系统效率的计算中增加了由于集热器边缘效应以及镜面结冰等原因造成的系统效率降低的影响因素。
Steam between 150℃C·200℃is widely used in the industrial fields.Energy consumption of industrial boilers occupies a large proportion of total energy consumption in society. Due to the poor operation and less efficient of industrial boilers, and the lack of effective environmental protection facilities, the emission causes more environment pollution. Therefore, developing solar energy boiler, then a partial substitute for industrial boilers, is important for the fields of industrial heating energy-saving and emission reduction. Therefore, this article has investigated the application of the parabolic trough collector (PTC) and the loop thermosyphon in the field of solar high-temperature steam generation, and developed a new type of a concentric annular U-type loop thermosyphon solar boiler system.
This paper describes the current status of the industrial steam heating field and solar thermal utilization of the latest developments, compares solar power and solar steam with economics,and finally a comprehensive analysis of solar energy in the high-temperature steam drawn tremendous research value.
In this paper systematically designed a solar boiler system with the size of 62.7kw and evaporation capacity of 50kg/h, and summed up a set of design method of the solar boiler. To reduce system's cost, we have made some significant improvements based on the technology of PTC:Designed a new type concentric annular U-type collector tube as collector element,and built heat transfer model for it. The theoretical efficiency of it is 66%, after revised, the efficiency is 59%.Base on meeting the efficiency requirements of the System design, the cost of the collector tube is reduced to 1/15 of the straight-through vacuum collector tube.During the experiment,combined with modular design, obtained a more accurate and easy to install type of single-glass concentric annular U-type trough solar collector module, its efficiency is closer to the straight-through vacuum collector tube.To solve the problem of layouting pipe on two relative motion systems,and improve the reliability of system,we designed a four-bar linkage for fixing pipeline.
After completion of the concentric annular U-type loop thermosyphon solar boiler's built, we start a preliminary experimental for its start-up characteristics.And through the analysis of experimental data, we obtained the start-up characteristics of the system in the actual working environment in north China, and the method of calculating the overall efficiency of the system. Through the summary of experiment's physical environment factors, we added some factors in the calculation of system efficiency, such as edge effects of the PTC,icing on reflector and other causes reduced system efficiency.
本文首先介绍了工业蒸汽供热领域的现状以及太阳能热利用的最新发展状况,并初步对比太阳能发电与太阳能蒸汽利用的经济性,最后综合分析得出了太阳能中高温蒸汽的巨大的研究价值。
本文通过完整地设计一套集热功率为62.7kW,设计蒸发量为50kg/h的太阳能锅炉系统,总结了一套较为完整的太阳能锅炉设计计算流程。同时为了降低系统的成本,在国外发电通用的槽式太阳能集热技术的基础上对其进行了重大改进：设计了一种新型的同轴套管式U型集热管替代直通式真空集热管作为集热元件,并对其进行建立了传热学模型,经理论计算效率为66%,经过经验修正后效率为59%,在满足系统设计效率要求的基础上,将集热管成本降低为直通式真空集热管的1/15；同时在实验过程中对同轴套管式U型集热管进行了改进,结合模块化设计思想,获得了一种能更方便准确安装、效率更接近于直通式真空集热管的新型的单层玻璃管同轴套管式槽式太阳能集热模块；为了解决相对运动的两个系统的管路布置问题以及提高系统工作的可靠性,设计了四杆机构用于固定管路。
在完成了同轴套管式回路型重力热管太阳能锅炉的搭建以后,对其启动特性进行了初步实验研究,通过对实验测量的数据的分析得出了系统在华北地区实际工作环境中的启动特性,得出了系统的效率计算方法。通过对实验现场实际环境影响因素的总结,在系统效率的计算中增加了由于集热器边缘效应以及镜面结冰等原因造成的系统效率降低的影响因素。
Steam between 150℃C·200℃is widely used in the industrial fields.Energy consumption of industrial boilers occupies a large proportion of total energy consumption in society. Due to the poor operation and less efficient of industrial boilers, and the lack of effective environmental protection facilities, the emission causes more environment pollution. Therefore, developing solar energy boiler, then a partial substitute for industrial boilers, is important for the fields of industrial heating energy-saving and emission reduction. Therefore, this article has investigated the application of the parabolic trough collector (PTC) and the loop thermosyphon in the field of solar high-temperature steam generation, and developed a new type of a concentric annular U-type loop thermosyphon solar boiler system.
This paper describes the current status of the industrial steam heating field and solar thermal utilization of the latest developments, compares solar power and solar steam with economics,and finally a comprehensive analysis of solar energy in the high-temperature steam drawn tremendous research value.
In this paper systematically designed a solar boiler system with the size of 62.7kw and evaporation capacity of 50kg/h, and summed up a set of design method of the solar boiler. To reduce system's cost, we have made some significant improvements based on the technology of PTC:Designed a new type concentric annular U-type collector tube as collector element,and built heat transfer model for it. The theoretical efficiency of it is 66%, after revised, the efficiency is 59%.Base on meeting the efficiency requirements of the System design, the cost of the collector tube is reduced to 1/15 of the straight-through vacuum collector tube.During the experiment,combined with modular design, obtained a more accurate and easy to install type of single-glass concentric annular U-type trough solar collector module, its efficiency is closer to the straight-through vacuum collector tube.To solve the problem of layouting pipe on two relative motion systems,and improve the reliability of system,we designed a four-bar linkage for fixing pipeline.
After completion of the concentric annular U-type loop thermosyphon solar boiler's built, we start a preliminary experimental for its start-up characteristics.And through the analysis of experimental data, we obtained the start-up characteristics of the system in the actual working environment in north China, and the method of calculating the overall efficiency of the system. Through the summary of experiment's physical environment factors, we added some factors in the calculation of system efficiency, such as edge effects of the PTC,icing on reflector and other causes reduced system efficiency.
引文
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[12]Robert.Pitz-Paal,J u rgen. Dersch, Barbara Milow, et al. Development steps for parabolic trough solar power technologies with maximum impact on cost reduction[J].Journal of solar energy engineering, Vol.129:371-377,2007.
[13]胡其颖.太阳能热发电技术的进展及现状[J].能源技术.2005年10月,第26卷第5期
[14]陈维,李戬洪.抛物柱面聚焦的几种跟踪方式的光学性能分析[J].太阳能学报,2003年8月,第24卷第4期.
[15]M. Eck,W.-D. Steinmann. Direct. Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs: First Results of the DISS Project [J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, MAY 2002,Vol.124:135-139
[16]王军,张耀明,张文进,等.热发电中的聚光集热器[J].太阳能,2007年第4期.
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[21]Eckhard. L u pfert,Klaus-J.Riffelmann,Henry. Price Frank. Burkholder,Tim. Moss.Experimental analysis of overall thermal properties of parabolic though receivers[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. Vol.130.2008
[22]Rafael Almanza,Gustavo Jimenez,Alvaro Lentz,Alberto Valdes,Alberto Soria. DSG Under Two-Phase and Stratified Flow in a Steel Receiver of a Parabolic Trough Collector[J].Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. Vol.124.May 2002.
[23]ODeh. S. D, Morrison. G. L, Behinia.M. Modeling of parabolic trough direct steam generation solar collectors [J].Solar Energy,1998, 62(6):395-406.
[24]R. Forristall.Heat Transfer Analysis and Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Solar Receiver Implemented in Engineering Equation Solver,2003, NREL/TP-550-34169.
[25]林宗虎.管路内汽液两相流特性及其工程应用.西安交通大学出版社.
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