一氧化氮生物硝化的菌群与净化过程研究
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摘要
氮氧化物(NOx)是一种主要的大气污染物，生物法处理NOx废气已成为当前研究人员关注的一个热点。
本试验采用不同孔径(24PPC和18PPC)的工程材料Carbon Foam和天然火山岩作为生物滤床的填料，以亚硝酸钠为唯一氮源，对城市污水处理厂的活性污泥进行驯化，进而对得到的硝化菌群进行挂膜，并对菌群进行了初步的分离、鉴定。通过摇瓶试验、滤床中的间歇和连续气／液相试验，研究了好氧条件下三种不同填料表面自养硝化生物膜硝化性能的潜力和差异；考察了填料特性、湿度(水分)、溶解氧和有机碳源等条件对生物滤床处理NO的影响规律。
研究表明：(1)挂膜的硝化菌包括球菌属、杆菌属等，在挂膜试验中共同起到了硝化作用，而且在培养过程中有效的抑制了反硝化作用；(2)在温度25～30℃、pH值7.0～8.5范围内，菌株N-20硝化活性最高，转速180rpm摇床培养一周硝化转化率可达到75.10％，通过考察其形态、生理生化和生长特征，并参考《伯杰氏细菌手册》，初步推断该菌属于硝化杆菌属(Nitrobacter sp．)；(3)NO空床停留时间5min，上部填料对NO去除达到38.7％；(4)在NO空床停留时间4min、进口浓度61.5～123.0mg／m~3的范围内，24PPC Carbon Foam滤床对NO的去除效率最高，为48％～74％；(5)滤床对NO去除效果最好的含水率(湿重)为31.5～32.9％；(6)添加有机碳源后，溶解氧充分条件下(DO≥2mg／L)，异养菌的氧化作用和自养菌的硝化作用可以同时发生作用；低溶解氧条件下(DO≤2mg／L)，由于异养菌生长优先利用了有限的氧，使硝化菌生长受到了抑制，通过对系统氮平衡的分析，认为在局部厌氧区域发生了反硝化。
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major source of atmospheric pollutant. Biofilter has become more concerned nowadays for NO removal.
Lava and a new kind of material named Carbon Foam were applied as packing material in this experiment. The microbe from active sludge was cultured by sodium nitrite which is supplied as the only nitric source. After that the microbe were inoculated on the surface of packing material to develop the biofilm. The microbe was identified and separated. The potential and difference of the nitrification of the autotrophic biofilm on the three packing material were examined by the study in cone-shaped bottle and continuous and intermittent test in the biofilter. The main effects such as the character of packing material, temperature humidity, dissolved oxygen and organic carbon source were investigated respectively.
The results show that (1) the bacteria in the biofilm were coccus and bacillus, which cooperated in nitrification process and restrain the denitrification in the removal process; (2) strain N-20 show the highest nitrification activity at the 25~30℃ pH 7.0-8.5. The removal efficiency get to 75.10% at 180 rpm in cradle within 1 week. Investigated the physiology, biochemical process and the growth of N-20, refered the Bergeys manual of Determiuntue Bacteriology (8th), it was inferred that it belongs to Nitrobacter sp.; (3) the upper segment of the packing material removed 38.7% of NO at EBRT 5 min. (4)A steady removal efficiency of 48%~74% was attained for the 24PPC carbon foam-based biofilter at specified NO inlet concentration of 61.5~123.0mg/m3 and EBRT of 4 minutes. (5) The perfect humidity of the biofilter is 31.5~32.9%(w/w). (6)
Supplied with organic carbon source in the liquid phase with sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO≥2mg/L), the autotrophic microbe cooperate with heterotrophic microbe. But if the DO≤2mg/L , the growth of nitrobacteria were limited because the DO was exhausted by the heterotrophic microbe. Analyzed the balance of the nitrogen, it was suggest that denitrification was existed.
本试验采用不同孔径(24PPC和18PPC)的工程材料Carbon Foam和天然火山岩作为生物滤床的填料，以亚硝酸钠为唯一氮源，对城市污水处理厂的活性污泥进行驯化，进而对得到的硝化菌群进行挂膜，并对菌群进行了初步的分离、鉴定。通过摇瓶试验、滤床中的间歇和连续气／液相试验，研究了好氧条件下三种不同填料表面自养硝化生物膜硝化性能的潜力和差异；考察了填料特性、湿度(水分)、溶解氧和有机碳源等条件对生物滤床处理NO的影响规律。
研究表明：(1)挂膜的硝化菌包括球菌属、杆菌属等，在挂膜试验中共同起到了硝化作用，而且在培养过程中有效的抑制了反硝化作用；(2)在温度25～30℃、pH值7.0～8.5范围内，菌株N-20硝化活性最高，转速180rpm摇床培养一周硝化转化率可达到75.10％，通过考察其形态、生理生化和生长特征，并参考《伯杰氏细菌手册》，初步推断该菌属于硝化杆菌属(Nitrobacter sp．)；(3)NO空床停留时间5min，上部填料对NO去除达到38.7％；(4)在NO空床停留时间4min、进口浓度61.5～123.0mg／m~3的范围内，24PPC Carbon Foam滤床对NO的去除效率最高，为48％～74％；(5)滤床对NO去除效果最好的含水率(湿重)为31.5～32.9％；(6)添加有机碳源后，溶解氧充分条件下(DO≥2mg／L)，异养菌的氧化作用和自养菌的硝化作用可以同时发生作用；低溶解氧条件下(DO≤2mg／L)，由于异养菌生长优先利用了有限的氧，使硝化菌生长受到了抑制，通过对系统氮平衡的分析，认为在局部厌氧区域发生了反硝化。
Nitric oxide (NO) is a major source of atmospheric pollutant. Biofilter has become more concerned nowadays for NO removal.
Lava and a new kind of material named Carbon Foam were applied as packing material in this experiment. The microbe from active sludge was cultured by sodium nitrite which is supplied as the only nitric source. After that the microbe were inoculated on the surface of packing material to develop the biofilm. The microbe was identified and separated. The potential and difference of the nitrification of the autotrophic biofilm on the three packing material were examined by the study in cone-shaped bottle and continuous and intermittent test in the biofilter. The main effects such as the character of packing material, temperature humidity, dissolved oxygen and organic carbon source were investigated respectively.
The results show that (1) the bacteria in the biofilm were coccus and bacillus, which cooperated in nitrification process and restrain the denitrification in the removal process; (2) strain N-20 show the highest nitrification activity at the 25~30℃ pH 7.0-8.5. The removal efficiency get to 75.10% at 180 rpm in cradle within 1 week. Investigated the physiology, biochemical process and the growth of N-20, refered the Bergeys manual of Determiuntue Bacteriology (8th), it was inferred that it belongs to Nitrobacter sp.; (3) the upper segment of the packing material removed 38.7% of NO at EBRT 5 min. (4)A steady removal efficiency of 48%~74% was attained for the 24PPC carbon foam-based biofilter at specified NO inlet concentration of 61.5~123.0mg/m3 and EBRT of 4 minutes. (5) The perfect humidity of the biofilter is 31.5~32.9%(w/w). (6)
Supplied with organic carbon source in the liquid phase with sufficient dissolved oxygen (DO≥2mg/L), the autotrophic microbe cooperate with heterotrophic microbe. But if the DO≤2mg/L , the growth of nitrobacteria were limited because the DO was exhausted by the heterotrophic microbe. Analyzed the balance of the nitrogen, it was suggest that denitrification was existed.
引文
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