惯性导航系统故障诊断专家系统的研究
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摘要
测量船上的惯性导航系统,其系统结构复杂、导航要求精度高,而专门的故障诊断专家系统是提高惯性导航系统安全性、可靠性的有效方式之一。
论文首先分析并归纳了故障树分析法、基于案例推理方法和基于规则推理专家系统三种故障诊断方法的基本原理、特点、设计实现方法和适用领域。其次,对某型惯性导航系统进行分析建模,根据该惯性导航系统的故障特点和实际情况,提出了采用基于案例推理和故障树分析法相结合的故障诊断专家系统的思路。把系统的结构、行为和功能知识放入基于规则的故障树中进行深知识推理;基于案例的专家知识进行浅知识推理,从而实现深浅知识结合的故障诊断专家系统。在构造故障诊断专家系统时,知识库采用了产生式和框架式多种知识表示方式和存储方式,推理机采用正向推理和案例检索推理相结合,有效地提高了系统的推理效率和准确度。针对专家系统的知识瓶颈问题,采用基于案例推理的学习机制能够很好地给予解决。利用基于案例推理以弥补规则推理的不足,提高了故障诊断系统的智能化程度。最后,根据该故障诊断思路,进行编程实现,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。重点解决了平台搭建、专家系统嵌入式编程及用户交互、前后台数据通信等问题。
On the satellite measure and control ship, the inertial navigation system has complex structure and requires high precision, so that the special fault diagnosis expert system is one of the effective approaches to improve the security and reliability of it.
In this article, firstly, the basic principles, characteristics, realizing methods and applicable domain of the Fault Tree Analysis, Case-based Reasoning and Rule-Based Reasoning expert system are analyzed and summarized. Secondly, based on the features and actual situation of the inertial navigation system, the system is analyzed and the fault model is built, further the fault diagnosis expert system constructed by FAT and CBR methods is presented. The deep reasoning is realized by FAT based on system's structure, action and function, and the shallow reasoning is carried out by CBR, so that the deep knowledge and shallow knowledge are combined to realize the fault diagnosis expert system. In this system, production rules approach and frames approach are applied to represent and storage the knowledge, the forward chaining reasoning and case-based searches reasoning are applied to the inference engine. These methods effectively improve the system reasoning efficiency and accurateness. To the knowledge bottleneck of expert system, the learning mechanism of CBR can resolve it. By this means the CBR method can make up the lack of the rule-based reasoning and enhance the intelligence of the fault diagnosis system. Finally, according to this design idea, a fault diagnosis expert system is programmed and realized, and its validity and feasibility are proved. Some technical problems such as realizing platform, embedding programming about expert system, and communication between foreground with background are given.
论文首先分析并归纳了故障树分析法、基于案例推理方法和基于规则推理专家系统三种故障诊断方法的基本原理、特点、设计实现方法和适用领域。其次,对某型惯性导航系统进行分析建模,根据该惯性导航系统的故障特点和实际情况,提出了采用基于案例推理和故障树分析法相结合的故障诊断专家系统的思路。把系统的结构、行为和功能知识放入基于规则的故障树中进行深知识推理;基于案例的专家知识进行浅知识推理,从而实现深浅知识结合的故障诊断专家系统。在构造故障诊断专家系统时,知识库采用了产生式和框架式多种知识表示方式和存储方式,推理机采用正向推理和案例检索推理相结合,有效地提高了系统的推理效率和准确度。针对专家系统的知识瓶颈问题,采用基于案例推理的学习机制能够很好地给予解决。利用基于案例推理以弥补规则推理的不足,提高了故障诊断系统的智能化程度。最后,根据该故障诊断思路,进行编程实现,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。重点解决了平台搭建、专家系统嵌入式编程及用户交互、前后台数据通信等问题。
On the satellite measure and control ship, the inertial navigation system has complex structure and requires high precision, so that the special fault diagnosis expert system is one of the effective approaches to improve the security and reliability of it.
In this article, firstly, the basic principles, characteristics, realizing methods and applicable domain of the Fault Tree Analysis, Case-based Reasoning and Rule-Based Reasoning expert system are analyzed and summarized. Secondly, based on the features and actual situation of the inertial navigation system, the system is analyzed and the fault model is built, further the fault diagnosis expert system constructed by FAT and CBR methods is presented. The deep reasoning is realized by FAT based on system's structure, action and function, and the shallow reasoning is carried out by CBR, so that the deep knowledge and shallow knowledge are combined to realize the fault diagnosis expert system. In this system, production rules approach and frames approach are applied to represent and storage the knowledge, the forward chaining reasoning and case-based searches reasoning are applied to the inference engine. These methods effectively improve the system reasoning efficiency and accurateness. To the knowledge bottleneck of expert system, the learning mechanism of CBR can resolve it. By this means the CBR method can make up the lack of the rule-based reasoning and enhance the intelligence of the fault diagnosis system. Finally, according to this design idea, a fault diagnosis expert system is programmed and realized, and its validity and feasibility are proved. Some technical problems such as realizing platform, embedding programming about expert system, and communication between foreground with background are given.
引文
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[2] Borlea. L, Buta. A, Dusa. V,Lustrea. B.DIASE — Expert System Fault Diagnosis for Timisoara 220 kV Substation Computer as a Tool, 2005. EUROCON 2005.The International Conference on.21-24 Nov. 2005.1-4244-0049-X
[3] CLIPS Reference Manual Advanced Programming Guide Version 6.23 January 31st 2005
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[5] Fenton, W.G.; McGinnity, T.M.; Maguire, L.P.Fault diagnosis of electronic systems using intelligent techniques: a review. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions. on.Aug. 2001.1094-6977
[6] Jgor Jurisica,John Mylopoulos.Case-based reasoning in IVF:prediction and knowledge mining [J].Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.1998.12(1):1-24.
[7] Johnson V.M., Carlis J.V.Sharing and reusing rules-a feature comparison of five expert system shells. IEEE Expert [see also IEEE Intelligent Systems and Their Applications].June 1994.0885-9000
[8] Hanemann A. A Hybrid Rule-Based/Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Service Fault Diagnosis.Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2006.AINA 2006. 20th International Conference on.18-20 April 2006.0-7695-2466-4
[9] Schmidt, Gunter. Case-based reasoning for production scheduling .International Journal of Production Economics[J] .1998.56(20) :537-546
[10] T.Lliu and N.R.Iyer. Diagnosis of Roller Bearing Defects Using Neural Networks. Int. J Ads. Maunul of Technology.1993.8:210-215
[11] Thomas R.Flowers,David M.Dowler.Development of An Expert System and Software Agent for Aviation Safety Assessment.Naval Postgraduate School Monterey,California.March 2000.
[12] William G. Fenton, T. M. McGinnity, Liam P. Maguire.Fault diagnosis of electronic systems using intelligent techniques a review.IEEE Transactions on Systems ,Man ,and Cybernetics,VOL. 31, NO. 3.August 2001
[13] 陆元九等惯性器件(上册)[M] .宇航出版社.1990
[14] 陆元九等惯性器件(下册)[M] .宇航出版社.1993
[15] 关惠玲,韩捷.设备故障诊断专家系统原理及实践.机械工业出版社.2000.11
[16] 蔡自兴,徐光佑.人工智能及其应用.北京清华大学出版社
[17] 胡昌华,许化龙.控制系统故障诊断与容错控制的分析和设计.国防工业出版社.2000
[18] 郑新.平台惯导故障诊断专家系统技术研究:硕士论文.哈尔滨工业大学.2001.5.1
[19] 许江宁,李安,汪人定.INS 故障诊断的概念体系.海军工程学院学报.1997(1)
[20] 吴今培,肖健华.智能故障诊断与专家系统 .科学技术出版社.1997.207-232
[21] 朱继洲.故障树原理和应用.西安交通大学出版社.1989
[22] 史定华,王松瑞.故障树分析技术方法与理论.北京师范大学出版社.1993
[23] 黄文虎,夏松波,刘瑞岩等.设备故障诊断原理、技术及应用.科学出版社.1996
[24] 吴鹤龄.专家系统工具 CLIPS 及其应用.北京理工大学出版社.1991
[25] Joseph Giarratano,Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程.机械工业出版社.2000
[26] 张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.中国铁道出版社.1992
[27] 张光前,邓贵仕,李朝晖.基于事例推理的技术及其应用前景[J].计算机工程与应用.2002:52-55.
[28] 杨定新.SINS/GPS 组合系统故障诊断技术研究:硕士论文.国防科学技术大学.2000
[29] 毛权,肖人彬,周济.CBR 中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究[J].计算机研究与发展.1997:257-263.
[30] 田丰,黄厚宽.人工智能与知识表示.北方交通大学出版社.1999
[31] 胡亚辉,徐燕中,牛文铁.CBR 技术中实例表达的研究与应用[J] .机械工程师.2003:16-18.
[32] 潘爱民.COM 原理与应用.清华大学出版社.2000
[33] 吴洁.多种知识表示及推理过程的研究—在兵器故障诊断专家系统平台下的实现:硕士论文.西安工业学院.20050301
[34] 魏元风,骆洪青等.属性相似案例的检索模型比较研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报 .1999:40-42.
[35] 吴海桥.现代大型客机故障诊断专家系统的研究与开发.南京航空航天大学:博士论文.20020101
[36] 王珊,陈红.数据库系统原理教程[M].清华大学出版社.1998
[37] 孔繁胜.知识库系统原理[J].浙江大学出版社.2001
[38] 基于案例推理的轧机故障诊断系统.广东工业大学:硕士论文. 20050509.
[39] 胡春梅.基于案例推理技术的教学案例知识管理系统的设计与实现.首都师范大学:硕士学位论文.2005
[40] 罗忠良.基于案例推理的装甲车辆指标论证系统的研究.大连理工大学:硕士学位论文.2005.3.1
[41] 戴钎,王力生.基于故障树和规则匹配的故障诊断专家系统.计算机应用,Vol 25 No.9.2005
[42] 耿宏,樊建梅.基于故障树模型的波音 777 故障诊断专家系统.自动化与仪表.2005.4.1001-9944(2005)04-0001-04
[43] 钟明,王钦友.基于 DLL 方式的 C++Builder 和 CLIPS 混合编程开发专家系统.机电工程.Vol21(5),2004
[44] Jesse Liberty 著,刘基诚译.C#程序设计.中国电力出版社.2002
[45] Ben Albabar,Peter Drayton,Brad Merrill 著、刘基诚译.C#精髓.中国电力出版社.2001
[46] 谢晓方,姜震.一种结合 CLIPS 和 VC 开发专家系统的方法.计算机系统应用.2004.12
[2] Borlea. L, Buta. A, Dusa. V,Lustrea. B.DIASE — Expert System Fault Diagnosis for Timisoara 220 kV Substation Computer as a Tool, 2005. EUROCON 2005.The International Conference on.21-24 Nov. 2005.1-4244-0049-X
[3] CLIPS Reference Manual Advanced Programming Guide Version 6.23 January 31st 2005
[4] CLIPS Reference Manua Basic Programming Guide Version 6.23 June 1st 2005
[5] Fenton, W.G.; McGinnity, T.M.; Maguire, L.P.Fault diagnosis of electronic systems using intelligent techniques: a review. Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions. on.Aug. 2001.1094-6977
[6] Jgor Jurisica,John Mylopoulos.Case-based reasoning in IVF:prediction and knowledge mining [J].Artificial Intelligence in Medicine.1998.12(1):1-24.
[7] Johnson V.M., Carlis J.V.Sharing and reusing rules-a feature comparison of five expert system shells. IEEE Expert [see also IEEE Intelligent Systems and Their Applications].June 1994.0885-9000
[8] Hanemann A. A Hybrid Rule-Based/Case-Based Reasoning Approach for Service Fault Diagnosis.Advanced Information Networking and Applications, 2006.AINA 2006. 20th International Conference on.18-20 April 2006.0-7695-2466-4
[9] Schmidt, Gunter. Case-based reasoning for production scheduling .International Journal of Production Economics[J] .1998.56(20) :537-546
[10] T.Lliu and N.R.Iyer. Diagnosis of Roller Bearing Defects Using Neural Networks. Int. J Ads. Maunul of Technology.1993.8:210-215
[11] Thomas R.Flowers,David M.Dowler.Development of An Expert System and Software Agent for Aviation Safety Assessment.Naval Postgraduate School Monterey,California.March 2000.
[12] William G. Fenton, T. M. McGinnity, Liam P. Maguire.Fault diagnosis of electronic systems using intelligent techniques a review.IEEE Transactions on Systems ,Man ,and Cybernetics,VOL. 31, NO. 3.August 2001
[13] 陆元九等惯性器件(上册)[M] .宇航出版社.1990
[14] 陆元九等惯性器件(下册)[M] .宇航出版社.1993
[15] 关惠玲,韩捷.设备故障诊断专家系统原理及实践.机械工业出版社.2000.11
[16] 蔡自兴,徐光佑.人工智能及其应用.北京清华大学出版社
[17] 胡昌华,许化龙.控制系统故障诊断与容错控制的分析和设计.国防工业出版社.2000
[18] 郑新.平台惯导故障诊断专家系统技术研究:硕士论文.哈尔滨工业大学.2001.5.1
[19] 许江宁,李安,汪人定.INS 故障诊断的概念体系.海军工程学院学报.1997(1)
[20] 吴今培,肖健华.智能故障诊断与专家系统 .科学技术出版社.1997.207-232
[21] 朱继洲.故障树原理和应用.西安交通大学出版社.1989
[22] 史定华,王松瑞.故障树分析技术方法与理论.北京师范大学出版社.1993
[23] 黄文虎,夏松波,刘瑞岩等.设备故障诊断原理、技术及应用.科学出版社.1996
[24] 吴鹤龄.专家系统工具 CLIPS 及其应用.北京理工大学出版社.1991
[25] Joseph Giarratano,Gary Riley.专家系统原理与编程.机械工业出版社.2000
[26] 张全寿,周建峰.专家系统建造原理及方法.中国铁道出版社.1992
[27] 张光前,邓贵仕,李朝晖.基于事例推理的技术及其应用前景[J].计算机工程与应用.2002:52-55.
[28] 杨定新.SINS/GPS 组合系统故障诊断技术研究:硕士论文.国防科学技术大学.2000
[29] 毛权,肖人彬,周济.CBR 中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究[J].计算机研究与发展.1997:257-263.
[30] 田丰,黄厚宽.人工智能与知识表示.北方交通大学出版社.1999
[31] 胡亚辉,徐燕中,牛文铁.CBR 技术中实例表达的研究与应用[J] .机械工程师.2003:16-18.
[32] 潘爱民.COM 原理与应用.清华大学出版社.2000
[33] 吴洁.多种知识表示及推理过程的研究—在兵器故障诊断专家系统平台下的实现:硕士论文.西安工业学院.20050301
[34] 魏元风,骆洪青等.属性相似案例的检索模型比较研究[J].华东船舶工业学院学报 .1999:40-42.
[35] 吴海桥.现代大型客机故障诊断专家系统的研究与开发.南京航空航天大学:博士论文.20020101
[36] 王珊,陈红.数据库系统原理教程[M].清华大学出版社.1998
[37] 孔繁胜.知识库系统原理[J].浙江大学出版社.2001
[38] 基于案例推理的轧机故障诊断系统.广东工业大学:硕士论文. 20050509.
[39] 胡春梅.基于案例推理技术的教学案例知识管理系统的设计与实现.首都师范大学:硕士学位论文.2005
[40] 罗忠良.基于案例推理的装甲车辆指标论证系统的研究.大连理工大学:硕士学位论文.2005.3.1
[41] 戴钎,王力生.基于故障树和规则匹配的故障诊断专家系统.计算机应用,Vol 25 No.9.2005
[42] 耿宏,樊建梅.基于故障树模型的波音 777 故障诊断专家系统.自动化与仪表.2005.4.1001-9944(2005)04-0001-04
[43] 钟明,王钦友.基于 DLL 方式的 C++Builder 和 CLIPS 混合编程开发专家系统.机电工程.Vol21(5),2004
[44] Jesse Liberty 著,刘基诚译.C#程序设计.中国电力出版社.2002
[45] Ben Albabar,Peter Drayton,Brad Merrill 著、刘基诚译.C#精髓.中国电力出版社.2001
[46] 谢晓方,姜震.一种结合 CLIPS 和 VC 开发专家系统的方法.计算机系统应用.2004.12