基于Web服务工作流的执行优化研究
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摘要
工作流技术作为现代企业实现业务过程管理与控制的一项关键技术,为企业的经营提供了一个从模型分析、建立、到运行的完整框架。随着工作流技术的发展,工作流管理系统的执行效率和可靠性等方面越来越受到用户的关注。
工作流管理系统现在所面临的主要问题之一是:如何利用最新Web技术来实现网络时代的业务流程管理,实行对工作流动态监控和流程的优化执行,对Web服务流程总体调度,以提高运行执行效率。本文对这一问题,在深入研究业务流程本质的基础上,对基于Web服务平台的工作流管理系统,提出改进和优化方案,以期能够实现高效有序、分布式的业务流程管理。
论文首先从理论出发,详细阐述工作流管理系统所涉及的各个概念和关键技术,并讨论了目前工作流技术上所存在的不足。随后,结合实际项目,给出一种适合Web服务平台的工作流系统建模方式。系统在维护工作流正常运行的同时,还能根据实时情况分析,对工作流程进行在线改进和优化,从而构造更优工作流模型。在系统实现过程中,利用Web技术动态监控服务流的运行情况,对XML标准流日志进行在线应用挖掘,发现服务短缺和服务过剩的关键自治区域。由管理Agent对工作流重新配置,实现工作流中变迁的替换、归并和分裂等优化操作,使其保持综合评分最优,从而达到提高执行效率的目的,为企业工作流管理提供优化支持。最后,给出测试数据和结果分析,证实了该系统的可行性和有效性。
论文总结了在系统改进研究中获得的成果以及遇到的问题。作为Web服务平台下工作流技术的应用,该系统能够较好地满足网络时代业务流程管理的需求。
Workflow technology is a key technology of a modern enterprise business process management and control, which provides a complete framework of enterprises from model analysis, establishment to run. With the development of workflow technology, more and more users pay close attention to execution efficiency, reliability and other ways of the workflow management system.
Now, it is one of the main problems Workflow management system is faced with that how to use the latest Web services technology and achieve the business process management in network era. And the system can monitor dynamically to optimize the execution process and schedule the overall flow of Web services at the same time. So as to it can improve operational efficiency. In order to achieve an efficient, orderly and distributed business process management, we will give a scheme to improve and optimize the program in this paper through the in-depth study of the nature of business processes, for the workflow management system based on the Web platform. First of all, some concepts and technologies are elaborated in detail in the paper, which are involved in the workflow management system, and we discuss the current deficiencies in workflow technology. Subsequently, in light of the actual project, a workflow system modeling suitable to the Web platform is given in the paper.
According to the result of real-time analysis, the system not only maintains the normal operation of workflow, but also makes a workflow improvement and optimization online, and structure the better workflow model in the end. In the system, Web services technology are used to monitor the operational state dynamically, and the operation log streaming of the XML standard are mined and analyzed online, then the services shortage and excess region can be found. The Agent in the workflow management makes a re-allocation to achieve the replacement of stream changes, merging and splitting optimization operations, and keep it the best one in integrated factor system, so as to enhance efficiency in the workflow execution, so it offers the supports for the enterprise. Finally, analysis of test data and results are given and it confirms that the feasibility and validity of the system.
The paper summarizes the results of studies produced and some problems encountered during the period of the system optimization. The application system of workflow technology based on Web services platform can be used to meet the business process management requirement in the network era.
工作流管理系统现在所面临的主要问题之一是:如何利用最新Web技术来实现网络时代的业务流程管理,实行对工作流动态监控和流程的优化执行,对Web服务流程总体调度,以提高运行执行效率。本文对这一问题,在深入研究业务流程本质的基础上,对基于Web服务平台的工作流管理系统,提出改进和优化方案,以期能够实现高效有序、分布式的业务流程管理。
论文首先从理论出发,详细阐述工作流管理系统所涉及的各个概念和关键技术,并讨论了目前工作流技术上所存在的不足。随后,结合实际项目,给出一种适合Web服务平台的工作流系统建模方式。系统在维护工作流正常运行的同时,还能根据实时情况分析,对工作流程进行在线改进和优化,从而构造更优工作流模型。在系统实现过程中,利用Web技术动态监控服务流的运行情况,对XML标准流日志进行在线应用挖掘,发现服务短缺和服务过剩的关键自治区域。由管理Agent对工作流重新配置,实现工作流中变迁的替换、归并和分裂等优化操作,使其保持综合评分最优,从而达到提高执行效率的目的,为企业工作流管理提供优化支持。最后,给出测试数据和结果分析,证实了该系统的可行性和有效性。
论文总结了在系统改进研究中获得的成果以及遇到的问题。作为Web服务平台下工作流技术的应用,该系统能够较好地满足网络时代业务流程管理的需求。
Workflow technology is a key technology of a modern enterprise business process management and control, which provides a complete framework of enterprises from model analysis, establishment to run. With the development of workflow technology, more and more users pay close attention to execution efficiency, reliability and other ways of the workflow management system.
Now, it is one of the main problems Workflow management system is faced with that how to use the latest Web services technology and achieve the business process management in network era. And the system can monitor dynamically to optimize the execution process and schedule the overall flow of Web services at the same time. So as to it can improve operational efficiency. In order to achieve an efficient, orderly and distributed business process management, we will give a scheme to improve and optimize the program in this paper through the in-depth study of the nature of business processes, for the workflow management system based on the Web platform. First of all, some concepts and technologies are elaborated in detail in the paper, which are involved in the workflow management system, and we discuss the current deficiencies in workflow technology. Subsequently, in light of the actual project, a workflow system modeling suitable to the Web platform is given in the paper.
According to the result of real-time analysis, the system not only maintains the normal operation of workflow, but also makes a workflow improvement and optimization online, and structure the better workflow model in the end. In the system, Web services technology are used to monitor the operational state dynamically, and the operation log streaming of the XML standard are mined and analyzed online, then the services shortage and excess region can be found. The Agent in the workflow management makes a re-allocation to achieve the replacement of stream changes, merging and splitting optimization operations, and keep it the best one in integrated factor system, so as to enhance efficiency in the workflow execution, so it offers the supports for the enterprise. Finally, analysis of test data and results are given and it confirms that the feasibility and validity of the system.
The paper summarizes the results of studies produced and some problems encountered during the period of the system optimization. The application system of workflow technology based on Web services platform can be used to meet the business process management requirement in the network era.
引文
[1]范玉顺.工作流管理技术基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.1-125.
[2]付松龄,谭庆平,基于J2EE的分布式工作流管理系统方案[J].计算机应用,2003,23(8):117-120.
[3]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J].软件学报,2000,1(7):899-907.
[4]史美林,杨光信,向勇等.WFMS:工作流管理系统[J].计算机学报,1999,(3):326-328.
[5] Workflow Management Coalition.Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glos[S]. Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition, 1996.
[6] Mohan C.Recent Trends in Workflow Management Products [J], Sta.Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Workflow Management Systems and Interoperability, 1998.8:396-409.
[7] Mark Palmer. The 7 Principles of Web Services Business process Management [EB/OL]. http://www.iona.com, 2002.
[8] Brahim Medjahed, Athman Bouuettaya, Ahemed K Elmagarmid. Composing Web Services on the Semantic Web [J]. The VLDB Journal, November 2003, 12(4):331-351.
[9] Serge Abiteboul, Jerome Baumgarten, Angela Bonifati, Grégory Cobena, Cosmin Cremarenco, Florin Dragan, Ioana Manolescu, Tova Milo, Nicoleta Preda.Managing Distributed Workspaces with Active XML[J], The VLDB Journal, July 2003, 10(6):365-384.
[10] Bray T, etal. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0(Second Edition) [EB/OL]. http://www. w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml, 2004.
[11] Enrique Castro-Leon. A Perspective on Web Services [EB/OL]. http://www. Webservices.org/index/php/article/archive/24/, 2002.
[12]谢杰华,陈震,罗源.基于Web的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(6):141-143.
[13]夏长宏,陈文博.工作流系统建模与应用环境的研究[J].计算机工程,2003,4(29):59-61.
[14]窦万春,李东波,张世琪.基于对象和实例互操作行为模型的工作流研究[J].计算机学报,2001,24(2):197-201.
[15]岳昆,王晓玲.Web服务支持技术研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,3(15):428-442.
[16]金明,冯志勇.基于Web Service架构的工作流技术研究[J].计算机工程,2003,29(5):89-93.
[17]范永全,王绪本,罗玉军.一种基于关系数据库的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用,2002,22(7):75-77.
[18] Sadiq W, Orlowska M.E. Analyzing Process Models Using Graph Reduction Techniques [J]. Information Systems.2000, 25(2), 117-134.
[19]刘洋,葛声.一种基于Web服务的分布式工作流系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2003,(1):208-217.
[20] MOHAN C. Recent trends in workflow management products, standards and research [EB/OL], 2008, http://www.almanden.ibm.com/u/mohan.
[21]时亚娟,顾军华.面向工作流的优化问题求解方法研究[D].河北工业大学,2006.
[22]沙强益,冯泽森,王崇国.一种基于Web Services的工作流管理系统的研究与实现[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[23] WfMC-TC00-1025, Workflow Management Coalition .Workflow Process Definition Interface XML Process Definition Language[S]. 2001.
[24]范玉顺.企业建模理论与方法学导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[25]张媛,聂培尧.基于Web的工作流建模工具的设计与实现[J].开发研究与设计技术,2007.06.
[26] Rathnam S, Mannino M V. Tools for Building the Human-computer Interface of a Decision Support System [J]. Decision Support Systems, 1995, (13): 35-59.
[27]柴晓路,梁宇路.WEB SERVICES技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[28] World Wide Web Consortium, XML Protocol Activity [EB/OL]. http://www.w3. org/2000/xp.
[29] UDDI Project, UDDI Executive white September 2000[EB/OL].http://www.uddi. org.
[30] Gulgin Metal. SOAP Version1.2[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soapl.2- 20010709, 2001.
[31] E. Christensen, F. Curbera, G. Meredith, S. Weerawarana, Web Services DescriptionLanguage (WSDL) 1.1[EB/OL], March 2001,http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[32]徐建军,谭庆平,杨艳萍.一种基于J2EE的工作流引擎体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(2):469-471.
[33]靳荣,赵军富,高永兵,史海军.基于Active XML的工作流引擎设计[J].内蒙古科技大学学报.2007,26(2):148-151.
[34] L. Haibin, F. Yushun, W. Cheng. A survey of workflow management [J].Journal of Software 2000, 11(7):899-907.
[35]刘洋,葛声.一种基于Web服务的分布式工作流系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,208-217.
[36]侯书芹,袁红照.一种基于Web Services的分布式工作流系统[J].安阳师范学院学报,2005,7:78-80.
[37]李红信,范玉顺.分布式工作流执行服务的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,32(3):193-197.
[38] Aggarwal R, Verma K, et al. Dynamic Web Service Composition in METEOR-S [EB/OL]. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/lib/download/ieee-scc-2004.pdf,2004.
[39] Wang S, Shen W, Hao Q. Agent based workflow ontology for dynamic business process composition [J]. Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on. Volume1, 2005. 452-457.
[40] THAKKAR S,KNOBLOCK C A,AMBITE J L,etal. A view integration approach to dynamic composition of Web services[C]. Proceeding of 2003 ICAPS Workshop on Planning for Web Services, Trento, Italy, 2003.
[41] VAN DER AALST W M P,VAN DONGEN B F,HERBST J,etal.Workflow mining:a survey of issues and approaches[J].Data and knowledge engineering, 2003, 47(2):237-267.
[42] CASATI F,ILNICKI S,JIN L J,etal.Adaptive and dynamic service composition in eflow[C] Proc of the Int’l Conf on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAISE). Berlin: Springer, 2000:13-31.
[43]曹永忠,徐新卫,丁秋林.Web服务流的在线分析与动态平衡[J].兰州大学学报, 2008,44(1):86-91.
[44]于守健,朱勤,黄晓虎,乐嘉锦.基于Web服务组合的业务流程集成[J].计算机应用与软.2007,24(8):62-67.
[45] E.Michael Maximillien, Munindar P.Singh. A Framework and Ontology for Dynamic Web Services Selection[C]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2004 September.
[46]张益林,王如龙.基于WEB的工作流技术在工程项目管理系统中的实现[J].科学技术与工程,2005(2):85-92.
[47]王振华.基于.Net平台架构的动态工作流引擎[J].武汉职业技术学院学报,2006, 3(5):44-47.
[48]唐林燕.工作流管理系统模型分析[J].现代计算机,200l,15:18-19.
[49]韩永国,孙世新.动态服务组合构造与最优组合服务算法研究[J].计算机科学,2005,32(12):104-105,139.
[50] BPEL Technical Committee. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, Version1.1[EB/OL].http://xml.coverpages.org/BPELv11-May052003Final.pdf.2003.5.
[2]付松龄,谭庆平,基于J2EE的分布式工作流管理系统方案[J].计算机应用,2003,23(8):117-120.
[3]罗海滨,范玉顺,吴澄.工作流技术综述[J].软件学报,2000,1(7):899-907.
[4]史美林,杨光信,向勇等.WFMS:工作流管理系统[J].计算机学报,1999,(3):326-328.
[5] Workflow Management Coalition.Workflow Management Coalition Terminology and Glos[S]. Brussels: Workflow Management Coalition, 1996.
[6] Mohan C.Recent Trends in Workflow Management Products [J], Sta.Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Workflow Management Systems and Interoperability, 1998.8:396-409.
[7] Mark Palmer. The 7 Principles of Web Services Business process Management [EB/OL]. http://www.iona.com, 2002.
[8] Brahim Medjahed, Athman Bouuettaya, Ahemed K Elmagarmid. Composing Web Services on the Semantic Web [J]. The VLDB Journal, November 2003, 12(4):331-351.
[9] Serge Abiteboul, Jerome Baumgarten, Angela Bonifati, Grégory Cobena, Cosmin Cremarenco, Florin Dragan, Ioana Manolescu, Tova Milo, Nicoleta Preda.Managing Distributed Workspaces with Active XML[J], The VLDB Journal, July 2003, 10(6):365-384.
[10] Bray T, etal. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0(Second Edition) [EB/OL]. http://www. w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml, 2004.
[11] Enrique Castro-Leon. A Perspective on Web Services [EB/OL]. http://www. Webservices.org/index/php/article/archive/24/, 2002.
[12]谢杰华,陈震,罗源.基于Web的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(6):141-143.
[13]夏长宏,陈文博.工作流系统建模与应用环境的研究[J].计算机工程,2003,4(29):59-61.
[14]窦万春,李东波,张世琪.基于对象和实例互操作行为模型的工作流研究[J].计算机学报,2001,24(2):197-201.
[15]岳昆,王晓玲.Web服务支持技术研究综述[J].软件学报,2004,3(15):428-442.
[16]金明,冯志勇.基于Web Service架构的工作流技术研究[J].计算机工程,2003,29(5):89-93.
[17]范永全,王绪本,罗玉军.一种基于关系数据库的工作流管理系统[J].计算机应用,2002,22(7):75-77.
[18] Sadiq W, Orlowska M.E. Analyzing Process Models Using Graph Reduction Techniques [J]. Information Systems.2000, 25(2), 117-134.
[19]刘洋,葛声.一种基于Web服务的分布式工作流系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用.2003,(1):208-217.
[20] MOHAN C. Recent trends in workflow management products, standards and research [EB/OL], 2008, http://www.almanden.ibm.com/u/mohan.
[21]时亚娟,顾军华.面向工作流的优化问题求解方法研究[D].河北工业大学,2006.
[22]沙强益,冯泽森,王崇国.一种基于Web Services的工作流管理系统的研究与实现[D].新疆大学硕士学位论文.2003.
[23] WfMC-TC00-1025, Workflow Management Coalition .Workflow Process Definition Interface XML Process Definition Language[S]. 2001.
[24]范玉顺.企业建模理论与方法学导论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.
[25]张媛,聂培尧.基于Web的工作流建模工具的设计与实现[J].开发研究与设计技术,2007.06.
[26] Rathnam S, Mannino M V. Tools for Building the Human-computer Interface of a Decision Support System [J]. Decision Support Systems, 1995, (13): 35-59.
[27]柴晓路,梁宇路.WEB SERVICES技术、架构和应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[28] World Wide Web Consortium, XML Protocol Activity [EB/OL]. http://www.w3. org/2000/xp.
[29] UDDI Project, UDDI Executive white September 2000[EB/OL].http://www.uddi. org.
[30] Gulgin Metal. SOAP Version1.2[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/WD-soapl.2- 20010709, 2001.
[31] E. Christensen, F. Curbera, G. Meredith, S. Weerawarana, Web Services DescriptionLanguage (WSDL) 1.1[EB/OL], March 2001,http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl.
[32]徐建军,谭庆平,杨艳萍.一种基于J2EE的工作流引擎体系结构[J].计算机应用,2005,25(2):469-471.
[33]靳荣,赵军富,高永兵,史海军.基于Active XML的工作流引擎设计[J].内蒙古科技大学学报.2007,26(2):148-151.
[34] L. Haibin, F. Yushun, W. Cheng. A survey of workflow management [J].Journal of Software 2000, 11(7):899-907.
[35]刘洋,葛声.一种基于Web服务的分布式工作流系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,208-217.
[36]侯书芹,袁红照.一种基于Web Services的分布式工作流系统[J].安阳师范学院学报,2005,7:78-80.
[37]李红信,范玉顺.分布式工作流执行服务的设计与实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,32(3):193-197.
[38] Aggarwal R, Verma K, et al. Dynamic Web Service Composition in METEOR-S [EB/OL]. http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/lib/download/ieee-scc-2004.pdf,2004.
[39] Wang S, Shen W, Hao Q. Agent based workflow ontology for dynamic business process composition [J]. Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on. Volume1, 2005. 452-457.
[40] THAKKAR S,KNOBLOCK C A,AMBITE J L,etal. A view integration approach to dynamic composition of Web services[C]. Proceeding of 2003 ICAPS Workshop on Planning for Web Services, Trento, Italy, 2003.
[41] VAN DER AALST W M P,VAN DONGEN B F,HERBST J,etal.Workflow mining:a survey of issues and approaches[J].Data and knowledge engineering, 2003, 47(2):237-267.
[42] CASATI F,ILNICKI S,JIN L J,etal.Adaptive and dynamic service composition in eflow[C] Proc of the Int’l Conf on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAISE). Berlin: Springer, 2000:13-31.
[43]曹永忠,徐新卫,丁秋林.Web服务流的在线分析与动态平衡[J].兰州大学学报, 2008,44(1):86-91.
[44]于守健,朱勤,黄晓虎,乐嘉锦.基于Web服务组合的业务流程集成[J].计算机应用与软.2007,24(8):62-67.
[45] E.Michael Maximillien, Munindar P.Singh. A Framework and Ontology for Dynamic Web Services Selection[C]. IEEE Internet Computing, 2004 September.
[46]张益林,王如龙.基于WEB的工作流技术在工程项目管理系统中的实现[J].科学技术与工程,2005(2):85-92.
[47]王振华.基于.Net平台架构的动态工作流引擎[J].武汉职业技术学院学报,2006, 3(5):44-47.
[48]唐林燕.工作流管理系统模型分析[J].现代计算机,200l,15:18-19.
[49]韩永国,孙世新.动态服务组合构造与最优组合服务算法研究[J].计算机科学,2005,32(12):104-105,139.
[50] BPEL Technical Committee. Business Process Execution Language for Web Services, Version1.1[EB/OL].http://xml.coverpages.org/BPELv11-May052003Final.pdf.2003.5.