模切机送纸机构的分析与设计
摘要
模切机是印后包装加工成型的重要设备,其送纸机构的工作效率及精度对整个机构有很大的影响。某印刷包装机械有限公司欲改进工厂设备,将原有的圆压圆模切机的“链条手动送纸”系统改为“推板往复”结构。本文以MY型模切机送纸机构为研究对象,以提高机构运行速度和减小机构的震动为目标,对机构进行了仿真优化以及平衡,主要完成了如下工作:
(1)机构的运动分析及综合。用解析法对送纸机构进行运动分析,计算各个位移分量,以及速度、加速度;本文对机构进行尺度综合,确定机构中各构件的长度等结构参数来达到所要求的运动规律和构件运动速度。
(2)三维运动仿真。本文运用VC和OpenGL图形库来建立平面连杆机构的模型,并在OpenGL图形库中进行渲染及控制其运动。在三维仿真生成的用户界面中加入操作区,用户可通过界面调入所需的数据,改变机构的各个尺寸。
(3)机构的优化。厂方要求已知辊筒转速,且辊筒与曲柄转速相同,当辊筒半径增大时,则辊筒的线速度增大,通过改变机构的构件长度,使得滑块即推纸板能够在推纸进辊筒的瞬时与辊筒有相同的线速度。
(4)机构的平衡。用线性独立向量法对机构进行了部分平衡,选取一个杆件添加平衡重,并对所添加的平衡重进行优化,对优化结果进行了分析比较。
(5)对构件进行强度校核。在对机构进行了优化之后,各杆件尺寸发生了改变,细长直杆容易发生变形,对机构各杆件进行了动态静力分析,求得运动副反力,进行了杆件的强度校核。
Mould-cutting machine is one of important devices in packing printing industry,the operating efficiency and accuracy of its paper delivery system affects the whole machine a lot. A printing and packing mechanism factory wanted to refit the paper delivery system of the mould-cutting machine from the cable manual delivery to the push pedal to-and-fro delivery.In this article,the delivery system of the MY type mould-cutting machine was discussed for the sake of improving the speed and reducing the shake of the whole machine.The following work was mainly finished:
ⅠThe motion analysis and synthesis of the mechanism.The motion analysis of the delivery system was solved through the method of analytic relation,and the displacement,velocity, acceleration of each component in a motion period were obtained.The dimension synthesis was done to definite the parameters of every component for the purpose of reach the given motion pattern and speed.
Ⅱ3-D motion simulation.The linkage model was established by VC and OpenGL,and was romanced and controlled by OpenGL.Adding in the operating area to the interface,the users could change the parameters through it.
ⅢThe optimization of the mechanism.The speed of roller was given,and it was the same as the rotational speed of the crank,when roller's angle speed increased,the line speed of roller increased with it.Through changing the length of rods,the speed of paper-push pedal had the same line speed with the roller when the paper reached the roller.
ⅣThe balance of the mechanism.The mechanism was balanced through the method of linear independent vector.Complete balance didn't accord with the practical situation,part balance was accepted.A rod was selected to add the balancing weight and the weight was optimized,the balancing result was compared and analyzed.
ⅤThe strength check of every component.After the mechanism's optimization was solved, the rods' dimension changed.The slender rods were prone to deform,the dynamic static analysis was solved,the pair counterforce was obtained and the strength check of the rods were done.
(1)机构的运动分析及综合。用解析法对送纸机构进行运动分析,计算各个位移分量,以及速度、加速度;本文对机构进行尺度综合,确定机构中各构件的长度等结构参数来达到所要求的运动规律和构件运动速度。
(2)三维运动仿真。本文运用VC和OpenGL图形库来建立平面连杆机构的模型,并在OpenGL图形库中进行渲染及控制其运动。在三维仿真生成的用户界面中加入操作区,用户可通过界面调入所需的数据,改变机构的各个尺寸。
(3)机构的优化。厂方要求已知辊筒转速,且辊筒与曲柄转速相同,当辊筒半径增大时,则辊筒的线速度增大,通过改变机构的构件长度,使得滑块即推纸板能够在推纸进辊筒的瞬时与辊筒有相同的线速度。
(4)机构的平衡。用线性独立向量法对机构进行了部分平衡,选取一个杆件添加平衡重,并对所添加的平衡重进行优化,对优化结果进行了分析比较。
(5)对构件进行强度校核。在对机构进行了优化之后,各杆件尺寸发生了改变,细长直杆容易发生变形,对机构各杆件进行了动态静力分析,求得运动副反力,进行了杆件的强度校核。
Mould-cutting machine is one of important devices in packing printing industry,the operating efficiency and accuracy of its paper delivery system affects the whole machine a lot. A printing and packing mechanism factory wanted to refit the paper delivery system of the mould-cutting machine from the cable manual delivery to the push pedal to-and-fro delivery.In this article,the delivery system of the MY type mould-cutting machine was discussed for the sake of improving the speed and reducing the shake of the whole machine.The following work was mainly finished:
ⅠThe motion analysis and synthesis of the mechanism.The motion analysis of the delivery system was solved through the method of analytic relation,and the displacement,velocity, acceleration of each component in a motion period were obtained.The dimension synthesis was done to definite the parameters of every component for the purpose of reach the given motion pattern and speed.
Ⅱ3-D motion simulation.The linkage model was established by VC and OpenGL,and was romanced and controlled by OpenGL.Adding in the operating area to the interface,the users could change the parameters through it.
ⅢThe optimization of the mechanism.The speed of roller was given,and it was the same as the rotational speed of the crank,when roller's angle speed increased,the line speed of roller increased with it.Through changing the length of rods,the speed of paper-push pedal had the same line speed with the roller when the paper reached the roller.
ⅣThe balance of the mechanism.The mechanism was balanced through the method of linear independent vector.Complete balance didn't accord with the practical situation,part balance was accepted.A rod was selected to add the balancing weight and the weight was optimized,the balancing result was compared and analyzed.
ⅤThe strength check of every component.After the mechanism's optimization was solved, the rods' dimension changed.The slender rods were prone to deform,the dynamic static analysis was solved,the pair counterforce was obtained and the strength check of the rods were done.
引文
[1]北人集团,模切机纵横谈,国际印刷。
[2]谢红,张建刚.新型模切机的设计[J]:机械设计与制造,2001.3,60-61.
[3]潘杰.现代印刷机原理与结构[M]:北京-化学工业出版社2003.2.
[4]曹惟庆,徐曾荫.机构设计[M]:第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[5]曹惟庆.连杆机构的分析与综合[M]:北京:北京-科学出版社2002.
[6]王三民,诸文俊.机械原理与设计[M]:北京-机械工业出版社2000.
[7]J.伏尔默,连杆机构.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[8]李团结,贾建援,胡雪梅.机械工程中两类非线性方程组的完全解.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005.2,102.
[9]郭成操.图形仿真加工系统的开发.2003.
[10](美)Richard S.Wright,Jr.,Benjamin Lipchak著,徐波译.OpenGL超级宝典[M]:北京-人民邮电出版社2005.
[11]尚游,陈岩涛.Open GL图形程序设计指南[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[12]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++CAD应用程序开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:1-106.
[13]徐慧等.Visual C++数字图象实用工程案例精选[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.
[14]陈玉军,张琦,苏凡囤,郭霞.基于MFC的OpenGL仿真与3D模型的获取[J]:现代设计技术,2005.
[15]陆品,石守东,朱根兴.应用OpenGL的仿真动画实现和模型建立[J]:机电工程,2002.
[16]刘贺平,郑笑宁,刁彦飞.利用OpenGL仿真曲柄滑块机构[J]:应用科技,2003.6.
[17]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发高级编程篇[M]:第2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:68-138.
[18]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL三维图形系统开发与实用技术 实用技术篇[M].清华大学出版社,2003:1-113.
[19]章成器.优化设计方法在工程机械中的应用[M]:同济大学出版社,1993.5.
[20]张策.机构动力学[M]:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]万耀青.机械优化设计建模与优化方法评价[M]:北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.
[22]王文娟.基于MATLAB优化工具箱的平面连杆机构的设计[J]:轻工机械,2006.
[23]孙国正.优化设计及应用[M]:第2版.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.
[24]Harrisberger,R.S.and Denavit,J.Kinematic,Synthesis of Linkages,McGraw-Hill,New York,1964.
[25]刘伟,王云鹏,戚开诚.一种用于运送机平面连杆机构的优化设计[J]:机械工程师,2006.
[26]李洪忠.平面多杆机构的尺度优化综合[J]:中国科技信息,2005.11.
[27][美]Edward B.Magrab著,高会生,李新叶,胡智奇等译.Matlab原理与工程应用[M]:第2 版.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.6.
[28][美]阿瑟.G.厄尔德曼,乔治.N.桑多尔.机构设计-分析与综合。
[29]李鲜明,杜润生,马胜祥.一种平面四杆机构优化设计方法的研究[J]:机械工程师,2005.8.
[30]唐锡宽,金德闻.机构动力学[M]:北京-高等教育出版社,1983.
[31]张琳.用线性独立矢量分析连杆机构的平衡[J]:机械设计与制造,2005.3.
[32]袁欣欣.连杆机构平衡的独立参数分析法[J]:水利电力机械,2007.6.
[33]Lowen G G,Teper F R,Berkof R S.Balancing of linkages-an update.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1969,18(3):213-220.
[34]Kochev I S,Gurdev G H.General criteria for optimum balancing of combined shaking moment in planar linkages.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1978,23(6):481-489.
[35]Niu M Q,Pennestri E.Optimum balabcing of four-bar linkages:a refined algorithm.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1981,26(3):337-348.
[36]王继荣.曲柄滑块机构惯性力部分平衡的平衡重选取的优化方法.[J]青岛化工 学院学报,1 997.3:258-262.
[37]Arakelian V H,Smith M R.Shaking force and shaking moment balancing of mechanisms:a historical review with new examples.[J]Trans ASME J Mech Des,2005,127(3):334-339.
[38]Arakelian V H,Daham M.Partial shaking moment balancing of fully shaking force balanced linkages.[J]Mech Mach Theory,2001,36(11/12):1241-1252.
[39]Berkof R S,Lowen G G.Theory of shaking moment optimization of force balanced four-bar linkages.[J]Trans ASME J Eng Iad,1997,93(B):53-60.
[40]Printing Presses and Printing systems,2002.
[41]Robert L.Norton.An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms and Machines[M].北京:机械工业出版社。
[42][民主德国]弗尔海.机构学教程[M].孙可宗,周有强译,北京:高等教育出版社.
[43]丁素英.曲柄连杆机构的惯性力分析[M].昌潍师专学报,2000.05.
[44]刘惟信,机械最优化设计[M].北京清华大学出版社,1994.
[45]邹建奇,崔亚平.材料力学[M].清华大学出版社.2006.
[2]谢红,张建刚.新型模切机的设计[J]:机械设计与制造,2001.3,60-61.
[3]潘杰.现代印刷机原理与结构[M]:北京-化学工业出版社2003.2.
[4]曹惟庆,徐曾荫.机构设计[M]:第2版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[5]曹惟庆.连杆机构的分析与综合[M]:北京:北京-科学出版社2002.
[6]王三民,诸文俊.机械原理与设计[M]:北京-机械工业出版社2000.
[7]J.伏尔默,连杆机构.北京:机械工业出版社,1988.
[8]李团结,贾建援,胡雪梅.机械工程中两类非线性方程组的完全解.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005.2,102.
[9]郭成操.图形仿真加工系统的开发.2003.
[10](美)Richard S.Wright,Jr.,Benjamin Lipchak著,徐波译.OpenGL超级宝典[M]:北京-人民邮电出版社2005.
[11]尚游,陈岩涛.Open GL图形程序设计指南[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[12]王清辉,王彪.Visual C++CAD应用程序开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:1-106.
[13]徐慧等.Visual C++数字图象实用工程案例精选[M].人民邮电出版社,2004.
[14]陈玉军,张琦,苏凡囤,郭霞.基于MFC的OpenGL仿真与3D模型的获取[J]:现代设计技术,2005.
[15]陆品,石守东,朱根兴.应用OpenGL的仿真动画实现和模型建立[J]:机电工程,2002.
[16]刘贺平,郑笑宁,刁彦飞.利用OpenGL仿真曲柄滑块机构[J]:应用科技,2003.6.
[17]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL高级编程与可视化系统开发高级编程篇[M]:第2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006:68-138.
[18]和平鸽工作室.OpenGL三维图形系统开发与实用技术 实用技术篇[M].清华大学出版社,2003:1-113.
[19]章成器.优化设计方法在工程机械中的应用[M]:同济大学出版社,1993.5.
[20]张策.机构动力学[M]:高等教育出版社,2000.
[21]万耀青.机械优化设计建模与优化方法评价[M]:北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.
[22]王文娟.基于MATLAB优化工具箱的平面连杆机构的设计[J]:轻工机械,2006.
[23]孙国正.优化设计及应用[M]:第2版.北京:人民交通出版社,2000.
[24]Harrisberger,R.S.and Denavit,J.Kinematic,Synthesis of Linkages,McGraw-Hill,New York,1964.
[25]刘伟,王云鹏,戚开诚.一种用于运送机平面连杆机构的优化设计[J]:机械工程师,2006.
[26]李洪忠.平面多杆机构的尺度优化综合[J]:中国科技信息,2005.11.
[27][美]Edward B.Magrab著,高会生,李新叶,胡智奇等译.Matlab原理与工程应用[M]:第2 版.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.6.
[28][美]阿瑟.G.厄尔德曼,乔治.N.桑多尔.机构设计-分析与综合。
[29]李鲜明,杜润生,马胜祥.一种平面四杆机构优化设计方法的研究[J]:机械工程师,2005.8.
[30]唐锡宽,金德闻.机构动力学[M]:北京-高等教育出版社,1983.
[31]张琳.用线性独立矢量分析连杆机构的平衡[J]:机械设计与制造,2005.3.
[32]袁欣欣.连杆机构平衡的独立参数分析法[J]:水利电力机械,2007.6.
[33]Lowen G G,Teper F R,Berkof R S.Balancing of linkages-an update.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1969,18(3):213-220.
[34]Kochev I S,Gurdev G H.General criteria for optimum balancing of combined shaking moment in planar linkages.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1978,23(6):481-489.
[35]Niu M Q,Pennestri E.Optimum balabcing of four-bar linkages:a refined algorithm.[J]Mech Mach Theory,1981,26(3):337-348.
[36]王继荣.曲柄滑块机构惯性力部分平衡的平衡重选取的优化方法.[J]青岛化工 学院学报,1 997.3:258-262.
[37]Arakelian V H,Smith M R.Shaking force and shaking moment balancing of mechanisms:a historical review with new examples.[J]Trans ASME J Mech Des,2005,127(3):334-339.
[38]Arakelian V H,Daham M.Partial shaking moment balancing of fully shaking force balanced linkages.[J]Mech Mach Theory,2001,36(11/12):1241-1252.
[39]Berkof R S,Lowen G G.Theory of shaking moment optimization of force balanced four-bar linkages.[J]Trans ASME J Eng Iad,1997,93(B):53-60.
[40]Printing Presses and Printing systems,2002.
[41]Robert L.Norton.An Introduction to the Synthesis and Analysis of Mechanisms and Machines[M].北京:机械工业出版社。
[42][民主德国]弗尔海.机构学教程[M].孙可宗,周有强译,北京:高等教育出版社.
[43]丁素英.曲柄连杆机构的惯性力分析[M].昌潍师专学报,2000.05.
[44]刘惟信,机械最优化设计[M].北京清华大学出版社,1994.
[45]邹建奇,崔亚平.材料力学[M].清华大学出版社.2006.