基于VXI和VxWorks的风洞实时测控平台的研究与实现
摘要
本论文主要研究风洞实时测控系统平台的构建。
传统的风洞测控系统基本上在Windows 环境下运行。由于Windows 平台本身是针对通用计算机和通用目的而设计的,Windows 平台的实时性、可靠性以及该操作系统的庞大性对于风洞测控系统的实时控制和实时数据采集具有一定的局限性。为了克服传统风洞测控系统的局限性,构建强实时、高可靠性的测控平台,本课题在硬件平台上采用在许多测控领域得到了广泛应用的VXI(VMEbus Extension for Instrumentation)总线平台,并且选用数据传输最快和可靠性最高的嵌入式控制方式;在软件平台上采用在嵌入式实时操作系统领域内实时性和可靠性最杰出的VxWorks 操作系统,并且采用上下位机的控制方式。这一实时测控平台是目前风洞测控领域中较为崭新的一种方式。
本文立足于风洞实时测控平台的研究工作,在VXI 总线系统体系结构基础上,对系统所需硬件进行了细致选型,对嵌入式实时操作系统和通用操作系统进行了比较,并对VxWorks 进行了深入探讨。接着,在虚拟仪器软件结构体系的基础上,讨论了VXI 数据采集模块在VxWorks 下仪器驱动器的设计与编写。然后,在自动控制原理的基础上,讨论了运动控制系统的设计,并实现了VME 运动控制模块在VxWorks 下的仪器驱动器。最后,讨论了整个系统基于上/下位机的调试和应用的平台。
目前,这一实时测控平台已成功应用于风洞实时测控系统中,能实时、可靠地正确运行。
This thesis mainly studies the design of the real time measure and control system of wind tunnel.
Basically the traditional measure and control system of wind tunnel runs in the Windows Operation System. But Windows OS is designed aiming at universal computer and objective, so there is some restriction about real time control and data acquisition of the wind tunnel system based on this OS. To overcome this shortcoming and construct a strong real time and high reliable system, this thesis adopts methods as follows. In the hardware flat, this thesis not only adopts VXI bus which widely applies to the field of measure and control, but also selects the embedded control mode which has performance of data transfer and reliability better than other mode. In the software flat, this thesis adopts the VxWorks OS which has the most excellent performance of real time and reliability among the embedded real time operation systems. Moreover, two computers are employed in this system, one named upper computer and other named lower computer. This real time measure and control system is brand-new in the field of wind tunnel.
This thesis is based on the study of wind tunnel system. First, select the devices that the system needs, compare the embedded real time OS with universal OS and deeply probe into VxWorks OS. Secondly, discuss the design and edit of drivers of the VXI modules which apply to data acquisition in VxWorks OS on the base of virtual instrument software frame. Then, expound the design of motion control system founding on the theory of automatic control, and realize the drivers of the motion controller which takes VME bus. Finally, describe the debugging and application flat based on upper/lower computers.
At present, this measure and control system has successfully applied to the wind tunnel measure and control and runs properly.
传统的风洞测控系统基本上在Windows 环境下运行。由于Windows 平台本身是针对通用计算机和通用目的而设计的,Windows 平台的实时性、可靠性以及该操作系统的庞大性对于风洞测控系统的实时控制和实时数据采集具有一定的局限性。为了克服传统风洞测控系统的局限性,构建强实时、高可靠性的测控平台,本课题在硬件平台上采用在许多测控领域得到了广泛应用的VXI(VMEbus Extension for Instrumentation)总线平台,并且选用数据传输最快和可靠性最高的嵌入式控制方式;在软件平台上采用在嵌入式实时操作系统领域内实时性和可靠性最杰出的VxWorks 操作系统,并且采用上下位机的控制方式。这一实时测控平台是目前风洞测控领域中较为崭新的一种方式。
本文立足于风洞实时测控平台的研究工作,在VXI 总线系统体系结构基础上,对系统所需硬件进行了细致选型,对嵌入式实时操作系统和通用操作系统进行了比较,并对VxWorks 进行了深入探讨。接着,在虚拟仪器软件结构体系的基础上,讨论了VXI 数据采集模块在VxWorks 下仪器驱动器的设计与编写。然后,在自动控制原理的基础上,讨论了运动控制系统的设计,并实现了VME 运动控制模块在VxWorks 下的仪器驱动器。最后,讨论了整个系统基于上/下位机的调试和应用的平台。
目前,这一实时测控平台已成功应用于风洞实时测控系统中,能实时、可靠地正确运行。
This thesis mainly studies the design of the real time measure and control system of wind tunnel.
Basically the traditional measure and control system of wind tunnel runs in the Windows Operation System. But Windows OS is designed aiming at universal computer and objective, so there is some restriction about real time control and data acquisition of the wind tunnel system based on this OS. To overcome this shortcoming and construct a strong real time and high reliable system, this thesis adopts methods as follows. In the hardware flat, this thesis not only adopts VXI bus which widely applies to the field of measure and control, but also selects the embedded control mode which has performance of data transfer and reliability better than other mode. In the software flat, this thesis adopts the VxWorks OS which has the most excellent performance of real time and reliability among the embedded real time operation systems. Moreover, two computers are employed in this system, one named upper computer and other named lower computer. This real time measure and control system is brand-new in the field of wind tunnel.
This thesis is based on the study of wind tunnel system. First, select the devices that the system needs, compare the embedded real time OS with universal OS and deeply probe into VxWorks OS. Secondly, discuss the design and edit of drivers of the VXI modules which apply to data acquisition in VxWorks OS on the base of virtual instrument software frame. Then, expound the design of motion control system founding on the theory of automatic control, and realize the drivers of the motion controller which takes VME bus. Finally, describe the debugging and application flat based on upper/lower computers.
At present, this measure and control system has successfully applied to the wind tunnel measure and control and runs properly.
引文
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[2] 陈光竬.现代电子测试技术.国防工业出版社,2000
[3] 宋启峰.电子测量技术.重庆大学出版社,2000
[4] 孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks 及其开发环境Tornado.中国电力出版社,2001.11
[5] 王学龙.嵌入式VxWorks 系统开发与应用.人民邮电出版社,2003.10
[6] 刘君华.虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI 教程.电子工业出版社,2001
[7] Wind River Systems.VxWorks Programmer’s Guide 5.4.Wind River Systems Inc
[8] Wind River Systems.Tornado user’s Guide 5.4.Wind River Systems Inc
[9] 肖明清,周越文.基于VISA 库的VXI 总线编程.空军工程大学学报,2000.04,Vol.1,No.1
[10]黄艳,肖铁军,黄建文.虚拟仪器技术中的VISA 及其实现.江苏理工大学学报,2000.01,Vol.21,No.1
[11]喻剑锋,宋忠平,王仕成,夏朝辉.VXI 总线控制方式及其性能分析.计算机测量与控制,2003.11,No.2
[12]郭信义.VXIbus 使用导论.现代仪器使用与维修,1997,No.6
[13]柳爱利,程继红.VXI 仪器驱动程序的开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1999.07,No.3
[14]刘亚,朱耀东,张焕春.VXI plug&play 仪器驱动器实现技术.计算机自动测量与控制,2000.08,No.2
[15]关丽.基于VPP 规范的VXI 总线模块的软件开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1998,No.3
[16]周勇,刘慧英,李爱军.VXI 总线高速同步采集卡驱动程序设计.计算机测量与控制,2003.11,No.12
[17]黄福幸,李光里,李兵,王志伟.DFD 风洞测控系统设计.宇航计测技术,2004.04,Vol.24,No.2
[18]陈恩庆,王忠勇,陈延伟.基于VxWorks 的随动监控系统.计算机工程,2003.10,Vol.29,No.17
[19]吴忠.基于Galil 运动控制器的切割机控制系统.机电工程,2003,Vol.20,No.4
[20]张武.基于Windows NT 的交流伺服控制系统的设计与实现.仪器仪表学报,2002.06,Vol.23,No.3
[21]朱华征,范大鹏,庞新良.基于可编程多轴控制器的三轴转台控制系统.测控技术,2004,Vol.23,No.1
[22]杨丽.基于VXI 总线的数据采集模块的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学2002
[2] 陈光竬.现代电子测试技术.国防工业出版社,2000
[3] 宋启峰.电子测量技术.重庆大学出版社,2000
[4] 孔祥营,柏桂枝.嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks 及其开发环境Tornado.中国电力出版社,2001.11
[5] 王学龙.嵌入式VxWorks 系统开发与应用.人民邮电出版社,2003.10
[6] 刘君华.虚拟仪器编程语言LabWindows/CVI 教程.电子工业出版社,2001
[7] Wind River Systems.VxWorks Programmer’s Guide 5.4.Wind River Systems Inc
[8] Wind River Systems.Tornado user’s Guide 5.4.Wind River Systems Inc
[9] 肖明清,周越文.基于VISA 库的VXI 总线编程.空军工程大学学报,2000.04,Vol.1,No.1
[10]黄艳,肖铁军,黄建文.虚拟仪器技术中的VISA 及其实现.江苏理工大学学报,2000.01,Vol.21,No.1
[11]喻剑锋,宋忠平,王仕成,夏朝辉.VXI 总线控制方式及其性能分析.计算机测量与控制,2003.11,No.2
[12]郭信义.VXIbus 使用导论.现代仪器使用与维修,1997,No.6
[13]柳爱利,程继红.VXI 仪器驱动程序的开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1999.07,No.3
[14]刘亚,朱耀东,张焕春.VXI plug&play 仪器驱动器实现技术.计算机自动测量与控制,2000.08,No.2
[15]关丽.基于VPP 规范的VXI 总线模块的软件开发.计算机自动测量与控制,1998,No.3
[16]周勇,刘慧英,李爱军.VXI 总线高速同步采集卡驱动程序设计.计算机测量与控制,2003.11,No.12
[17]黄福幸,李光里,李兵,王志伟.DFD 风洞测控系统设计.宇航计测技术,2004.04,Vol.24,No.2
[18]陈恩庆,王忠勇,陈延伟.基于VxWorks 的随动监控系统.计算机工程,2003.10,Vol.29,No.17
[19]吴忠.基于Galil 运动控制器的切割机控制系统.机电工程,2003,Vol.20,No.4
[20]张武.基于Windows NT 的交流伺服控制系统的设计与实现.仪器仪表学报,2002.06,Vol.23,No.3
[21]朱华征,范大鹏,庞新良.基于可编程多轴控制器的三轴转台控制系统.测控技术,2004,Vol.23,No.1
[22]杨丽.基于VXI 总线的数据采集模块的研究:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学2002