基于现场总线技术的推进剂加注监控系统研究
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摘要
现场总线技术作为跨世纪的自控新技术，在工业控制领域得到广泛的应用。本文在分析研究现场总线技术及HART协议的基础上，将其应用于推进剂加注的监控系统中。
现有加注系统存在着严重的监控不足，自动化程度低，由于人为因素的干扰使得系统的可靠性大大降低，这直接影响航天器发射的可靠性。本文介绍的监控系统在原有加注系统的基础上，重新设计监控方案，采用现场仪表+PLC+工控机的设计方案，该方案在现有的人力、物力、财力等条件下，能很好的完成监控任务，满足经济性、先进性、可靠性以及开放性的原则。
在对系统的硬件设计中，根据系统的监控需要，选择符合HART协议的现场仪表，同时要满足对环境及性能的要求。PLC选用德国西门子公司的SIMATICS5-115U，其I／O口全部光电隔离，信号直接驱动外部设备，可靠性较高。在布线中重点把握环境恶劣的特点，充分考虑各种干扰及强腐蚀的环境。
在系统的软件设计中，采用C++Builder在Windows2000下开发分布式、多线程的应用程序。软件采用模块化的设计方法，将各功能通过线程的方法集成在系统中，采用了数据库实时写入和实时打印技术，对状态的掌握更加完善。在界面设计时，本着人性化的设计要求，使系统软件更易用，同时功能更强大。
本系统经过对两次试验数据的分析，证明该系统基本达到设计目的，软硬件协调运行正常。下一步将对系统在故障诊断及远程监控方面作更进一步的研究。
Fieldbus, as the new technology of autocontrol , is extensively used for industrial control. On the basis of investigation on the fieldbus and the HART protocol, this paper builds the monitoring system using it.
The fillingup system in existence monitors is very insufficient on monitoring, and the automatization is underdevelopment. For man's disturb, the reliability relation to the launch of rocket is worsened. The monitoring system in this paper adopts a new scheme with reference to the present system. It consists of the field-instrument , PLC and industrial computer. With the manpower financial, material resources at present, this scheme can accomplish the monitoring function, and meet the economicaK the advanceN the reliability and the open demand.
On design of hardware, monitoring system selects the field-instrument using HART protocol satisfied with the condition and the performance. The PLC adopts the SIMATICS5-115U whose I/O is entireness photoelectricity isolation. It's signal drives the exterior equipment directly, so the reliability is very well. When laying the cable, the interfere and erosive condition should be considered enough.
When developing the software, author develops the distributed, multithread program for windows2000 in C++Builder 5. The function modularization is integrated with threads. To well know the state of fillingup, software adopts the real time writing-database and printing. The program conforms to the humanistic demand, and the interface is friendly to user, but the function is stronger.
This system that is tested in two times is proved working well with the hardware. In future, system will be improved in self-diagnosis and remote-monitoring function.
现有加注系统存在着严重的监控不足，自动化程度低，由于人为因素的干扰使得系统的可靠性大大降低，这直接影响航天器发射的可靠性。本文介绍的监控系统在原有加注系统的基础上，重新设计监控方案，采用现场仪表+PLC+工控机的设计方案，该方案在现有的人力、物力、财力等条件下，能很好的完成监控任务，满足经济性、先进性、可靠性以及开放性的原则。
在对系统的硬件设计中，根据系统的监控需要，选择符合HART协议的现场仪表，同时要满足对环境及性能的要求。PLC选用德国西门子公司的SIMATICS5-115U，其I／O口全部光电隔离，信号直接驱动外部设备，可靠性较高。在布线中重点把握环境恶劣的特点，充分考虑各种干扰及强腐蚀的环境。
在系统的软件设计中，采用C++Builder在Windows2000下开发分布式、多线程的应用程序。软件采用模块化的设计方法，将各功能通过线程的方法集成在系统中，采用了数据库实时写入和实时打印技术，对状态的掌握更加完善。在界面设计时，本着人性化的设计要求，使系统软件更易用，同时功能更强大。
本系统经过对两次试验数据的分析，证明该系统基本达到设计目的，软硬件协调运行正常。下一步将对系统在故障诊断及远程监控方面作更进一步的研究。
Fieldbus, as the new technology of autocontrol , is extensively used for industrial control. On the basis of investigation on the fieldbus and the HART protocol, this paper builds the monitoring system using it.
The fillingup system in existence monitors is very insufficient on monitoring, and the automatization is underdevelopment. For man's disturb, the reliability relation to the launch of rocket is worsened. The monitoring system in this paper adopts a new scheme with reference to the present system. It consists of the field-instrument , PLC and industrial computer. With the manpower financial, material resources at present, this scheme can accomplish the monitoring function, and meet the economicaK the advanceN the reliability and the open demand.
On design of hardware, monitoring system selects the field-instrument using HART protocol satisfied with the condition and the performance. The PLC adopts the SIMATICS5-115U whose I/O is entireness photoelectricity isolation. It's signal drives the exterior equipment directly, so the reliability is very well. When laying the cable, the interfere and erosive condition should be considered enough.
When developing the software, author develops the distributed, multithread program for windows2000 in C++Builder 5. The function modularization is integrated with threads. To well know the state of fillingup, software adopts the real time writing-database and printing. The program conforms to the humanistic demand, and the interface is friendly to user, but the function is stronger.
This system that is tested in two times is proved working well with the hardware. In future, system will be improved in self-diagnosis and remote-monitoring function.
引文
[1] 阳宪惠·现场总线技术及其应用·北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[2] 何国伟等·软件可靠性·北京：国防工业出版社，1998
[3] 王慧、金以慧·计算机控制系统·北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[4] 瞿兆荣、余性厚·计算机软件技术·北京：国防工业出版社，2000
[5] 崔吉俊等·火箭导弹测试技术·北京：国防工业出版社，1999
[6] 闻新等·控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制·北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[7] Rosemount Inc. HART_Smart Communication Protocol, Revision7.0, 1990
[8] 殷慧青、高莉·HART现场通信协议·国外自动化仪表信息，1997增刊1号
[9] 左吉微·HART：4～20mA现场通信协议·国外自动化仪表信息，1997(3)
[10] FB3050 FieldBus Communication Controller, DataSheetes&Application Notes, Smar Cop.
[11] 瞿坦·数据通信及网络基础，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1996
[12] Adrian Tang、Sophia Scoggins，戴浩译·开放式网络和开放系统互连·北京：电子工业出版社，1994
[13] 杜民著·C++ Builder 5程序设计与开发指南·北京：高等教育出版社，1999
[14] 朱时银、马承志等·C++ Builder 5编程实例与技巧·北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[15] M.M. Cupta、N.K. Sinba·Intelligent control:Theory and practice·IEEEPress, 1994
[16] 戚发轫·运载火箭工程技术手册(下)·北京：总装航天装备总体研究发展中心，1999
[17] 胡昌寿等·航天可靠性设计手册·北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[18] MTS Inc. MC420 Technical Information, HART Communication, 2001
[19] 苏金明·MATLAB 6．1使用指南·北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[20] 邹逢兴·计算机硬件技术及应用·长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1996
[21] 李大友等·《微型计算机接口技术》·北京：高等教育出版社，1989
[2] 何国伟等·软件可靠性·北京：国防工业出版社，1998
[3] 王慧、金以慧·计算机控制系统·北京：化学工业出版社，2000
[4] 瞿兆荣、余性厚·计算机软件技术·北京：国防工业出版社，2000
[5] 崔吉俊等·火箭导弹测试技术·北京：国防工业出版社，1999
[6] 闻新等·控制系统的故障诊断和容错控制·北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[7] Rosemount Inc. HART_Smart Communication Protocol, Revision7.0, 1990
[8] 殷慧青、高莉·HART现场通信协议·国外自动化仪表信息，1997增刊1号
[9] 左吉微·HART：4～20mA现场通信协议·国外自动化仪表信息，1997(3)
[10] FB3050 FieldBus Communication Controller, DataSheetes&Application Notes, Smar Cop.
[11] 瞿坦·数据通信及网络基础，武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1996
[12] Adrian Tang、Sophia Scoggins，戴浩译·开放式网络和开放系统互连·北京：电子工业出版社，1994
[13] 杜民著·C++ Builder 5程序设计与开发指南·北京：高等教育出版社，1999
[14] 朱时银、马承志等·C++ Builder 5编程实例与技巧·北京：机械工业出版社，2000
[15] M.M. Cupta、N.K. Sinba·Intelligent control:Theory and practice·IEEEPress, 1994
[16] 戚发轫·运载火箭工程技术手册(下)·北京：总装航天装备总体研究发展中心，1999
[17] 胡昌寿等·航天可靠性设计手册·北京：机械工业出版社，1998
[18] MTS Inc. MC420 Technical Information, HART Communication, 2001
[19] 苏金明·MATLAB 6．1使用指南·北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[20] 邹逢兴·计算机硬件技术及应用·长沙：国防科技大学出版社，1996
[21] 李大友等·《微型计算机接口技术》·北京：高等教育出版社，1989