企业组织行为演化的定性模拟研究
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摘要
组织管理研究对于我国企业管理具有非常重要的现实意义。当前中国的改革开放事业正在快速推进,面对不断变化的市场与外部环境,我国政府及企业在组织管理与社会变革方面中存在很大的提升空间,而组织管理研究正是推动这一提升过程的重要力量。本文在对国内外相关研究进行分析后,从微观行为、群体行为、组织整体等层次对企业组织行为演化进行了定性模拟,并对分布式企业组织行为模拟进行了专题研究。
首先,对企业组织行为演化的国内外相关研究现状进行了论述,并对组织行为定性模拟的研究方法进行了分析。组织行为的不确定性与表达困难,以及组织的分布式特征,使得组织行为研究具有复杂性。而应用定性模拟方法对企业组织管理中的个体、群体以及组织行为演化进行模拟能够解决这种复杂性;又出于这种复杂性原因,在研究中将借鉴系统动力学、元胞自动机、分布式模拟等技术与方法。
其次,从微观成员视角对企业组织中个体人员的行为进行模拟研究。将管理者任职后与下属员工相处的过程视为相互影响的动态变化过程;设计了适应此动态变化的定性状态变量和作用规则,并应用定性模拟方法抽象与描述企业组织中管理者与员工之间的互动行为并建立了相应模型。验证表明该模型能够从定性角度在不完备信息条件下,模拟出员工与管理者之间多种不同行为的变化情形,实现二者行为的有效模拟。
接着,进行了基于元胞自动机的组织群体行为演化研究。元胞自动机方法是组织群体中非正式群体模拟的首选工具。在研究了用元胞距离与相互移动等方式来表达群体成员特征、行为、群体环境等的途径后,设计了集成QSIM模拟与CA建模的方法,建立了非正式组织群体行为变化的定性模拟模型并进行了实例应用研究,这将是进行复杂管理系统模拟的基础。
然后,从组织行为演化角度对企业组织生命周期进行模拟研究。采用定性模拟的方法对组织成长演化理论进行探讨对非完备知识的定性表达更加符合管理实际,同时又能借鉴系统动力学对系统整体性描述反映的优点,其多种初始状态和相关参数的组合,能够对企业管理实践中的多样性活动进行有效表达。研究表明所设计程序SDCLS操作简洁而功能丰富,能够对企业的生命周期进行有效的分析和预测,能为企业管理者进行组织管理与企业文化、内在活力控制等提供一定的决策支持。
最后,对网络环境下的分布式组织活动进行了模拟研究。分布式组织结点活动具有独立性、并发性,使得传统模拟方法不能适用于分布式组织管理的模拟,而采用基于消息机制的面向对象方法能够更加合理而有效的表达分布式组织管理活动,并且能够使得各结点在活动进行的同时,如果收到来自于其他结点的消息,在不将现有任务挂起的前提下及时作出反应,从而实现在活动发生过程中的交互行为模拟。
在分布式组织行为模拟实现研究中,提出用多线程方式实现对分布式组织并发活动特性的模拟。文中对异步多线程模拟编程中的主要问题如线程引入与控制、结点间模拟时钟同步问题、线程间活动同步与消息传递顺序、临界变量的访问与保护机制等进行了详细讨论,设计了合理的消息传递机制以解决并发特性的技术实现问题。
本文在前面研究的基础上,开发了分布式组织活动的离散事件模拟系统,构建了系统的总体结构,设计了系统定性模拟控制的实现机制,设计了线程引入、时间推进、模拟控制、临界区保护等功能的具体方法,实现了分布式组织活动定性模拟机制。
Organizational management research is of great importance for Chinese enterprise management practice today.Facing the changing market and external environment, the reforming and opening up process of China is rapidly going on,there exisits much improvement for social and organizational management,and then the research of organization would be helpful to this evoluting process. After the literature work on the subject, the qualitative simulation on enterprise organization behavior is done on three layers such as micro individual activities, group behaviors, and organizational behaviors. A research topic on distributed organization behavior simulation research is also done at the end of the paper.
First, the paper reviewed the related literatures both demestic and abroad, then the theory and methodology of organizational behavior qualitative simulation is analyzed. The uncertainty and complexity in the modeling and analysis, also the distributed features of the organization makes the organizational research to be complex. However, the qualitative simulation methodology can resolve this complexity in the evolution of individual and group behaviors. The requirement from the complexity also leads to the introduction of System Dynamics, Cellular Automata, Distribute simulation methods etc.
Second, based on the Micro-member perspective, a simulation study of individual behaviors in enterprise organization is conducted. The individual activities are analyzed and simulated from a micro organizational management point. The interactive activities between the emplorees and the manager are expressed by the qualitative variables and rules, the model is then formulated. The model which had been validated later can effectively simulate the differential and complex activeities between the individuals in the enterprise. Followed by, Cellular Automata method is used to study the group behavior evolution.
The informal group has important effect on the organization performance and the CA is the the preferred tool for the simulation of informal groups. The distance and the moving activeties between the members are expressed by CA in a qulitative simulation way. The QSIM and CA modeling method are integrated to research and simulate the changing process of the informal groups’behaviors; a qualitative group behavior simulation model is established with an example application. The research would be the foundation of complex management system simlulation.
Next, the evolution of enterprise simulation of the life cycle is done from the perspective of organizational behavior. The use of qualitative simulation is proposed to explore ways for the organization evolution theory, the quantitative parameters can be expressed easily quantified and observed for the organization attributes. Then, the corresponding System Dynamics model is established. Research results shows that the SDCLS programe is simple and functional enough to be used for business forecasting and analysis of the life cycle. The program can give management suggestions to the discision making during the organization cultrul and activity control.
At last, Distributed organizational activities in the network environment are researched in a simulation way.Distributed organization activities simulation as a major research tools is mainly used to resolve the concurrent and distributed problem which is similar to the distribute organization management. Traditional discrete event simulation way could not be used to the distributed organization simulation due to the independence and paralell characters of the nodes in distributed organization. There exisists a main obstacle, i.e., the concurrent activities in the distributed organizational behavior research. The message-driven based programming is used during the model construction since objects in the system must receive the message during their working time. Interactive activities occurred in the process are then simulated as a parallel way.
The multithreads method is used to simulate the activities of distributed organization behaviors. Problems such as the introduction and controlling of each thread and the syncronizaiton of simulation colock, also the protection of the critical variables which can be concurrently read are discussed thoroughly in the paper. By analyzing the characters of various activities and finding out the paralell activities, the paper designed different class to express the activities and message transferring method to make it be sent to the right targets, and then corresponding function is invoked, the parallel character simulation is then technically resolved, and in this way the paralell character simulation problem is resolved.
On the basis of earlier studies, distributed organization event simulation system is developed, the whole structure of the system and the control mechanism are also established. The introduction of the thread and the time driven method, also the protection of critical codes are detailed designed, and then the distributed organization qualitative simulation system is realized.
首先,对企业组织行为演化的国内外相关研究现状进行了论述,并对组织行为定性模拟的研究方法进行了分析。组织行为的不确定性与表达困难,以及组织的分布式特征,使得组织行为研究具有复杂性。而应用定性模拟方法对企业组织管理中的个体、群体以及组织行为演化进行模拟能够解决这种复杂性;又出于这种复杂性原因,在研究中将借鉴系统动力学、元胞自动机、分布式模拟等技术与方法。
其次,从微观成员视角对企业组织中个体人员的行为进行模拟研究。将管理者任职后与下属员工相处的过程视为相互影响的动态变化过程;设计了适应此动态变化的定性状态变量和作用规则,并应用定性模拟方法抽象与描述企业组织中管理者与员工之间的互动行为并建立了相应模型。验证表明该模型能够从定性角度在不完备信息条件下,模拟出员工与管理者之间多种不同行为的变化情形,实现二者行为的有效模拟。
接着,进行了基于元胞自动机的组织群体行为演化研究。元胞自动机方法是组织群体中非正式群体模拟的首选工具。在研究了用元胞距离与相互移动等方式来表达群体成员特征、行为、群体环境等的途径后,设计了集成QSIM模拟与CA建模的方法,建立了非正式组织群体行为变化的定性模拟模型并进行了实例应用研究,这将是进行复杂管理系统模拟的基础。
然后,从组织行为演化角度对企业组织生命周期进行模拟研究。采用定性模拟的方法对组织成长演化理论进行探讨对非完备知识的定性表达更加符合管理实际,同时又能借鉴系统动力学对系统整体性描述反映的优点,其多种初始状态和相关参数的组合,能够对企业管理实践中的多样性活动进行有效表达。研究表明所设计程序SDCLS操作简洁而功能丰富,能够对企业的生命周期进行有效的分析和预测,能为企业管理者进行组织管理与企业文化、内在活力控制等提供一定的决策支持。
最后,对网络环境下的分布式组织活动进行了模拟研究。分布式组织结点活动具有独立性、并发性,使得传统模拟方法不能适用于分布式组织管理的模拟,而采用基于消息机制的面向对象方法能够更加合理而有效的表达分布式组织管理活动,并且能够使得各结点在活动进行的同时,如果收到来自于其他结点的消息,在不将现有任务挂起的前提下及时作出反应,从而实现在活动发生过程中的交互行为模拟。
在分布式组织行为模拟实现研究中,提出用多线程方式实现对分布式组织并发活动特性的模拟。文中对异步多线程模拟编程中的主要问题如线程引入与控制、结点间模拟时钟同步问题、线程间活动同步与消息传递顺序、临界变量的访问与保护机制等进行了详细讨论,设计了合理的消息传递机制以解决并发特性的技术实现问题。
本文在前面研究的基础上,开发了分布式组织活动的离散事件模拟系统,构建了系统的总体结构,设计了系统定性模拟控制的实现机制,设计了线程引入、时间推进、模拟控制、临界区保护等功能的具体方法,实现了分布式组织活动定性模拟机制。
Organizational management research is of great importance for Chinese enterprise management practice today.Facing the changing market and external environment, the reforming and opening up process of China is rapidly going on,there exisits much improvement for social and organizational management,and then the research of organization would be helpful to this evoluting process. After the literature work on the subject, the qualitative simulation on enterprise organization behavior is done on three layers such as micro individual activities, group behaviors, and organizational behaviors. A research topic on distributed organization behavior simulation research is also done at the end of the paper.
First, the paper reviewed the related literatures both demestic and abroad, then the theory and methodology of organizational behavior qualitative simulation is analyzed. The uncertainty and complexity in the modeling and analysis, also the distributed features of the organization makes the organizational research to be complex. However, the qualitative simulation methodology can resolve this complexity in the evolution of individual and group behaviors. The requirement from the complexity also leads to the introduction of System Dynamics, Cellular Automata, Distribute simulation methods etc.
Second, based on the Micro-member perspective, a simulation study of individual behaviors in enterprise organization is conducted. The individual activities are analyzed and simulated from a micro organizational management point. The interactive activities between the emplorees and the manager are expressed by the qualitative variables and rules, the model is then formulated. The model which had been validated later can effectively simulate the differential and complex activeities between the individuals in the enterprise. Followed by, Cellular Automata method is used to study the group behavior evolution.
The informal group has important effect on the organization performance and the CA is the the preferred tool for the simulation of informal groups. The distance and the moving activeties between the members are expressed by CA in a qulitative simulation way. The QSIM and CA modeling method are integrated to research and simulate the changing process of the informal groups’behaviors; a qualitative group behavior simulation model is established with an example application. The research would be the foundation of complex management system simlulation.
Next, the evolution of enterprise simulation of the life cycle is done from the perspective of organizational behavior. The use of qualitative simulation is proposed to explore ways for the organization evolution theory, the quantitative parameters can be expressed easily quantified and observed for the organization attributes. Then, the corresponding System Dynamics model is established. Research results shows that the SDCLS programe is simple and functional enough to be used for business forecasting and analysis of the life cycle. The program can give management suggestions to the discision making during the organization cultrul and activity control.
At last, Distributed organizational activities in the network environment are researched in a simulation way.Distributed organization activities simulation as a major research tools is mainly used to resolve the concurrent and distributed problem which is similar to the distribute organization management. Traditional discrete event simulation way could not be used to the distributed organization simulation due to the independence and paralell characters of the nodes in distributed organization. There exisists a main obstacle, i.e., the concurrent activities in the distributed organizational behavior research. The message-driven based programming is used during the model construction since objects in the system must receive the message during their working time. Interactive activities occurred in the process are then simulated as a parallel way.
The multithreads method is used to simulate the activities of distributed organization behaviors. Problems such as the introduction and controlling of each thread and the syncronizaiton of simulation colock, also the protection of the critical variables which can be concurrently read are discussed thoroughly in the paper. By analyzing the characters of various activities and finding out the paralell activities, the paper designed different class to express the activities and message transferring method to make it be sent to the right targets, and then corresponding function is invoked, the parallel character simulation is then technically resolved, and in this way the paralell character simulation problem is resolved.
On the basis of earlier studies, distributed organization event simulation system is developed, the whole structure of the system and the control mechanism are also established. The introduction of the thread and the time driven method, also the protection of critical codes are detailed designed, and then the distributed organization qualitative simulation system is realized.
引文
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